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US3766961A - Apparatus for continuously casting steel - Google Patents

Apparatus for continuously casting steel Download PDF

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US3766961A
US3766961A US00855119A US3766961DA US3766961A US 3766961 A US3766961 A US 3766961A US 00855119 A US00855119 A US 00855119A US 3766961D A US3766961D A US 3766961DA US 3766961 A US3766961 A US 3766961A
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aluminum
mold
steel
tundish
percent
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US00855119A
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R Bunting
T Ring
Amato J D
W Wojcik
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ROBLIN IND INC US
ROBLIN INDUSTRIES
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/108Feeding additives, powders, or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11Treating the molten metal

Definitions

  • the wire is fed to the region at which the tundish-to-mold stream joins the pool of molten metal in the mold.
  • the rate of aluminum feed is controlled to introduce from 0.01 0.08 percent aluminum and the chemistry of the steel is controlled to provide from 0.010 0.025
  • the non-metallic inclusions resulting are of globular, small size, in the range of l-3 microns and are oxy-sulfides of aluminum, calcium and manganese.
  • the present invention in particular, relates to the continuous casting of AISI carbon and low alloy steels.
  • the present invention relates to such steels in which the non-metallic inclusions are in the form of oxy-sulfide globules which are very hard, of small size in the order of 1-3 microns, and are consequently of such shape, size and hardness as will not be altered by rolling, etc.
  • An object of this invention is to provide method and apparatus for continuously casting high quality and commerically important AISI carbon and low alloy steels.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide such steels with a fine grain structure consisting of Mac- Quaid grain size of at least 5.
  • MacQuaid grain size is obtained by subjecting the metal to the test instituted by MacQuaid and which is defined for example by the conditions fixed by the standard E.l9-33 of the American Society for Testing Materials.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section taken through a continuous casting assembly, showing portions thereof and illustrating the apparatus for introducing aluminum directly to the mold;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged section showing the introduction of the aluminum wire
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the plate for accommodating the tube for introducing the aluminum wire.
  • reference character 10 indicates the ladle containing a body 12 of molten steel, the bottom 14 of the ladle being provided with a nozzle 16 through which a stream 18 of molten steel is directed to the tundish indicated generally by the reference character 20. It will be understood, of course, that the usual stopper rod is associated with the nozzle 16 to allow the ladle operator to maintain the level of molten steel 22 in the tundish at some predetermined level.
  • tundish assembly 20 the molds 24 and 26 and the shrouding 28 and 30 extending between the bottom 32 of the tundish 20 and the top surface of the molds 24 and 26 are described in the above mentioned copending application and require no further description, the disclosure of the copending application being incorporated herein by reference.
  • the vertically reciprocating molds 24 and 26 are cooperatively related to the shrouds 28 and 30 such as continuously to shroud and contain the tundish-to-mold streams 34 and 36 emanating from the nozzles 38 and 40 in the bottom of the tundish and that suitable means including the inlet pipes 42 and 44 are provided to introduce an inert atmosphere within the shrouds in the manner described and for the purposes set forth in the copending application.
  • the present invention incorporates a base plate indicated generally by the reference character 46 in FIG. 3 which is provided with a central opening 48 for registry with the opening in the respective mold 24 or 26 minum to continuously cast steels creates special problems, particularly the problem of alumina bridging across and closing the tundish nozzles 38 and 40. Attempts have been made to introduce aluminum into the tundish-tomold stream but uniformly have met with disastrous results because of the tendency for the aluminum wire to be deflected so that it is not uniformly melted and uniformly introduced into the steel.
  • the present invention is particularly directed to the feature of mounting the tube 52 or the guide for introducing the aluminum wire directly on the reciprocating mold in question so that the wire moves up and down with the mold and may be introduced continuously at an advantageous point whereat the rate of introduction of aluminum into the steel may be closely controlled so that the amount of aluminum so introduced is within predetermined limits.
  • the amount of aluminum introduced is an important consideration.
  • a flexible tube 60 anchored as at 62 to a suitable support 64 which contains a feeding roller 66 and pressure-producing idler rollers 68, the roller 66 being driven by a suitable electric motor 70 whose rotational speed is closely controlled to withdraw the aluminum wire from the supply roll 72 thereof at a predetermined rate related to the casting rate of the mold in question.
  • the support 64 includes the spindle 74 for mounting the supply roll 72.
  • the support plate is mounted externally on a suitable rigid portion of the framework supporting the casting assembly and the flexible tube portion 60 accommodates readily for the vertical reciprocatory motions of the associated molds 24 and 26.
  • the interiors of the shrouds 28 and 30 are maintained under slight positive pressure so that there is a slow bleed off of inert gas such as argon through the tubes 52 and 60 such as will positively preclude the introduction of air or oxygenrich gas into the interiors of the shroud assemblies 28 and 30.
  • the desideratum of the present invention is to avoid the formation of undesirable exogenous non-metallic inclusions which are silicates and alumina.
  • the steels with which this invention is concerned contain both manganese and silicon which, incidental to normal oxidation in the molten steel and reoxidation as the steel solidifies, would form manganese silicate inclusions whose characteristics are undesirable and which would also contain alumina as a result of the aluminum used for deoxidation. It has been found that if steel containing manganese andsilicon is continuously cast under conditions in which the oxygen dissolved in the steel is present substantially only in that amount which is in equilibrium with the steel, the presence of calcium,sulfur and aluminum in particular quantities will avoid the formation of the undesirable silicates and alumina.
  • the tundish-to-mold stream will be deoxidized to the desired degree and will contain some residual and detectable calcium in solution (i.e., up to 0.003 percent Ca).
  • the non-metallic inclusions will be in the form of multiphase oxy-sulfides of aluminum, calcium and manganese which are randomly dispersed in the solidified steel and which are of the size, shape and physical characteristics above noted.
  • the aluminum is introduced at such a point or region and in such a way within the mold that uniform distribution in the molten steel is assured. Consequently, it becomes a simple matter to control the speed of the motor as a function of the casting rate so that the desired amount of aluminum is fed continuously to the steel.
  • the uniform distribution of the aluminum is also important in assuring the random dispersion of the inclusions in the solidified steel and is thought also to be contributory to the small size of the inclusions.
  • the calcium is added in such amount as to provide a detectable residual trace thereof in solution of up to 0.003 percent as determined by X-ray analysis of the non-metallic inclusions.
  • Typical analysis for steel made according to the present invention is AISI 1,041 Carbon 0.36 0.44 percent, Manganese 1.35 1.65 percent, Phosphorus 0.035 percent max. and Sulfur 0.045 percent max.
  • a typical alloy grade is AlSl 4,140 Carbon 0.38 0.43 percent, Manganese 0.75 1.00 percent, Phosphorus 0.035 percent max., Sulfur 0.04 percent max., Silicon 0.20 0.35 percent, Chromium 0.80 1.10 percent and Molybdenum 0.15 0.25 percent.
  • an apparatus for continuously casting steel which includes a tundish for receiving molten steel and having a discharge nozzle, a vertically reciprocating mold aligned below said nozzle for receiving molten steel therefrom, means for shrouding the tundish-tomold stream of molten steel, and means for maintaining an inert atmosphere in said means for shrouding, the improvement comprising:
  • said guide means comprising a rigid tube attached to said mold and a flexible tube portion connected to said rigid tube and extending to said supply of aluminum wire,
  • the apparatus including a plate at the top of said mold forming a seat for said means for shrouding said plate having an opening aligned with the top opening of said mold and a groove intersecting such opening in the plate, said rigid tube being received within said groove.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The tundish-to-mold stream in a continuous casting apparatus is provided with an inert, protective atmosphere and aluminum wire is introduced into the steel by means of a feed tube mounted in the mold. The wire is fed to the region at which the tundish-tomold stream joins the pool of molten metal in the mold. The rate of aluminum feed is controlled to introduce from 0.01 - 0.08 percent aluminum and the chemistry of the steel is controlled to provide from 0.010 - 0.025 percent sulfur and a detectable amount of calcium in solution. The non-metallic inclusions resulting are of globular, small size, in the range of 1-3 microns and are oxysulfides of aluminum, calcium and manganese.

Description

United States Patent [191 Bunting, Jr. et al.
[ Oct. 23, 1973 APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUSLY CASTING STEEL [75] Inventors: Robert L. Bunting, Jr., Wanakah;
Theodore C. Ring, Dunkirk; Joseph DAmato; Witold M. Wojcik, both of Fredonia, all of NY.
[73] Assignee: Roblin Industries, Inc., Buffalo,
fz ii' i iiiiT sIfiil 4, 1969 [21] Appl. No.: 855,119
[52] U.S. C1. 164/66, 164/281, 164/275, 164/273, 164/83 [51] Int. Cl B22d 21/02, B22d 23/00 [58] Field of Search 164/57, 56, 55, 281, 164/275, 66, 266, 82, 83
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,331,680 7/1967 Leupold 164/56 X 3,465,811 9/1969 De Castelet 164/281 3,459,537 8/1969 Homak 164/82 3,451,594 6/1969 Stewart 164/259 X 3,315,323 4/1967 Speith et al 164/82 Primary Examiner--J. Spencer Overholser Assistant Examiner--V. K. Rising Attorney-Bean and Bean [5 7] ABSTRACT The tundish-to-mold stream in a continuous casting apparatus is provided with an inert, protective atmosphere and aluminum wire is introduced into the steel by means of a feed tube mounted in the mold. The wire is fed to the region at which the tundish-to-mold stream joins the pool of molten metal in the mold. The rate of aluminum feed is controlled to introduce from 0.01 0.08 percent aluminum and the chemistry of the steel is controlled to provide from 0.010 0.025
percent sulfur and a detectable amount of calcium in solution. The non-metallic inclusions resulting are of globular, small size, in the range of l-3 microns and are oxy-sulfides of aluminum, calcium and manganese.
1 Claim, 3 Drawing Figures PAIENIEMBI23 ma 3.766661 FIG. I
2 INVENTORS ROBERT L. HUNTING, JR. THEODORE c. RING JOSEPH D'AMATO WITOLD M. WOJCIK MZM ATTORNEYS APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUSLY CASTING STEEL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The continuous casting of steel is more and more becoming a commercially important source of steel used in the fabrication of various finished or semi-finished products. Regardless of the process for producing it, a major source of concern in the steel making industry is the nature and size of the non-metallic inclusions which inevitably occur as a result of the process used. lngot cast steels, because the ingots are of large initial cross section normally are subjected to considerable reduction in cross sectional area and the non-metallic inclusions the-rein are likewise reduced in section and substantially elongated in the resultant product. Continuous cast steels, on the other hand, usually are of relatively small cross section and may be subjected, at most, to very little reduction in cross sectional area. As a result, the non-metallic inclusions in continuously cast steel usually remain less deformed and less reduced in their cross sections than those in ingot steel, i.e., they might remain larger than would be desirable for a particular finsihed or semi-finished product.
For this reason, the commercial application of continuously cast steels is often limited because of the aforesaid non-metallic inclusions.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Copending application Ser. No. 745,728, filed July 18, 1968, discloses method and apparatus for controlling the size and distribution of non-metallic inclusions in continuously cast steels. The present invention is an adjunct to such disclosure in that it employs the use of an inert atmosphere containing the tundish-to-mold stream. Additionally, the present invention incorporates the controlled introduction of aluminum directed to the steel cast into the mold, and the chemical control of the steel so that the inevitable non-metallic inclusions are'present in extremely small size and of such chemical nature as most advantageously affects the quality of the steel.
The present invention, in particular, relates to the continuous casting of AISI carbon and low alloy steels.
More particularly, the present invention relates to such steels in which the non-metallic inclusions are in the form of oxy-sulfide globules which are very hard, of small size in the order of 1-3 microns, and are consequently of such shape, size and hardness as will not be altered by rolling, etc.
An object of this invention is to provide method and apparatus for continuously casting high quality and commerically important AISI carbon and low alloy steels.
Another object of this invention is to provide such steels with a fine grain structure consisting of Mac- Quaid grain size of at least 5. MacQuaid grain size" is obtained by subjecting the metal to the test instituted by MacQuaid and which is defined for example by the conditions fixed by the standard E.l9-33 of the American Society for Testing Materials.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES FIG. 1 is a vertical section taken through a continuous casting assembly, showing portions thereof and illustrating the apparatus for introducing aluminum directly to the mold;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged section showing the introduction of the aluminum wire; and
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the plate for accommodating the tube for introducing the aluminum wire.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With reference to FIG. 1, reference character 10 indicates the ladle containing a body 12 of molten steel, the bottom 14 of the ladle being provided with a nozzle 16 through which a stream 18 of molten steel is directed to the tundish indicated generally by the reference character 20. It will be understood, of course, that the usual stopper rod is associated with the nozzle 16 to allow the ladle operator to maintain the level of molten steel 22 in the tundish at some predetermined level. The tundish assembly 20, the molds 24 and 26 and the shrouding 28 and 30 extending between the bottom 32 of the tundish 20 and the top surface of the molds 24 and 26 are described in the above mentioned copending application and require no further description, the disclosure of the copending application being incorporated herein by reference.
Suffice it to say that the vertically reciprocating molds 24 and 26 are cooperatively related to the shrouds 28 and 30 such as continuously to shroud and contain the tundish-to-mold streams 34 and 36 emanating from the nozzles 38 and 40 in the bottom of the tundish and that suitable means including the inlet pipes 42 and 44 are provided to introduce an inert atmosphere within the shrouds in the manner described and for the purposes set forth in the copending application.
The present invention incorporates a base plate indicated generally by the reference character 46 in FIG. 3 which is provided with a central opening 48 for registry with the opening in the respective mold 24 or 26 minum to continuously cast steels creates special problems, particularly the problem of alumina bridging across and closing the tundish nozzles 38 and 40. Attempts have been made to introduce aluminum into the tundish-tomold stream but uniformly have met with disastrous results because of the tendency for the aluminum wire to be deflected so that it is not uniformly melted and uniformly introduced into the steel.
The present invention is particularly directed to the feature of mounting the tube 52 or the guide for introducing the aluminum wire directly on the reciprocating mold in question so that the wire moves up and down with the mold and may be introduced continuously at an advantageous point whereat the rate of introduction of aluminum into the steel may be closely controlled so that the amount of aluminum so introduced is within predetermined limits. As will hereinafter be pointed out, the amount of aluminum introduced is an important consideration.
Leading to the guide tube 52 is a flexible tube 60 anchored as at 62 to a suitable support 64 which contains a feeding roller 66 and pressure-producing idler rollers 68, the roller 66 being driven by a suitable electric motor 70 whose rotational speed is closely controlled to withdraw the aluminum wire from the supply roll 72 thereof at a predetermined rate related to the casting rate of the mold in question. The support 64 includes the spindle 74 for mounting the supply roll 72.
The support plate is mounted externally on a suitable rigid portion of the framework supporting the casting assembly and the flexible tube portion 60 accommodates readily for the vertical reciprocatory motions of the associated molds 24 and 26. The interiors of the shrouds 28 and 30 are maintained under slight positive pressure so that there is a slow bleed off of inert gas such as argon through the tubes 52 and 60 such as will positively preclude the introduction of air or oxygenrich gas into the interiors of the shroud assemblies 28 and 30.
The desideratum of the present invention is to avoid the formation of undesirable exogenous non-metallic inclusions which are silicates and alumina. The steels with which this invention is concerned contain both manganese and silicon which, incidental to normal oxidation in the molten steel and reoxidation as the steel solidifies, would form manganese silicate inclusions whose characteristics are undesirable and which would also contain alumina as a result of the aluminum used for deoxidation. It has been found that if steel containing manganese andsilicon is continuously cast under conditions in which the oxygen dissolved in the steel is present substantially only in that amount which is in equilibrium with the steel, the presence of calcium,sulfur and aluminum in particular quantities will avoid the formation of the undesirable silicates and alumina. Specifically, with calcium used in the ladle and/or tundish for deoxidation and by employing an inert atmosphere surrounding the tundish-to-mold stream, so that the inert atmosphere exhibits substantially zero pressure of oxygen and carbon monoxide as taught in the aforementioned copending application, the tundish-to-mold stream will be deoxidized to the desired degree and will contain some residual and detectable calcium in solution (i.e., up to 0.003 percent Ca). With this condition prevailing, and in the presence of sulfur in the molten steel within the range of about 0.010 0.025 percent and with the addition of aluminum within the range of about 0.01 0.08 percent, the non-metallic inclusions will be in the form of multiphase oxy-sulfides of aluminum, calcium and manganese which are randomly dispersed in the solidified steel and which are of the size, shape and physical characteristics above noted.
As noted above, the aluminum is introduced at such a point or region and in such a way within the mold that uniform distribution in the molten steel is assured. Consequently, it becomes a simple matter to control the speed of the motor as a function of the casting rate so that the desired amount of aluminum is fed continuously to the steel. The uniform distribution of the aluminum is also important in assuring the random dispersion of the inclusions in the solidified steel and is thought also to be contributory to the small size of the inclusions.
The calcium is added in such amount as to provide a detectable residual trace thereof in solution of up to 0.003 percent as determined by X-ray analysis of the non-metallic inclusions.
Typical analysis for steel made according to the present invention is AISI 1,041 Carbon 0.36 0.44 percent, Manganese 1.35 1.65 percent, Phosphorus 0.035 percent max. and Sulfur 0.045 percent max. A typical alloy grade is AlSl 4,140 Carbon 0.38 0.43 percent, Manganese 0.75 1.00 percent, Phosphorus 0.035 percent max., Sulfur 0.04 percent max., Silicon 0.20 0.35 percent, Chromium 0.80 1.10 percent and Molybdenum 0.15 0.25 percent.
We claim:
1. In an apparatus for continuously casting steel, which includes a tundish for receiving molten steel and having a discharge nozzle, a vertically reciprocating mold aligned below said nozzle for receiving molten steel therefrom, means for shrouding the tundish-tomold stream of molten steel, and means for maintaining an inert atmosphere in said means for shrouding, the improvement comprising:
guide means carried by said mold so as to reciprocate therewith,
a supply of aluminum wire disposed remote from said mold and cooperating with said'guide means to supply a source of aluminum within said mold, and
means for feeding said aluminum wire into said mold at a predetermined rate related to the rate of steel being introduced into said mold,
said guide means comprising a rigid tube attached to said mold and a flexible tube portion connected to said rigid tube and extending to said supply of aluminum wire,
the apparatus including a plate at the top of said mold forming a seat for said means for shrouding said plate having an opening aligned with the top opening of said mold and a groove intersecting such opening in the plate, said rigid tube being received within said groove.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991810A (en) * 1974-07-15 1976-11-16 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method and apparatus for introducing additives into a casting mold
US4040468A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-08-09 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method and apparatus for introducing additives into a casting mold
US4303118A (en) * 1979-07-25 1981-12-01 Georgetown Steel Corporation Apparatus for producing aluminum-deoxidized continuously cast steel
US4530393A (en) * 1983-07-22 1985-07-23 Rokop Corporation Apparatus for shrouding in a continuous casting machine
US6350295B1 (en) 2001-06-22 2002-02-26 Clayton A. Bulan, Jr. Method for densifying aluminum and iron briquettes and adding to steel
EP2055411A1 (en) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-06 TSW Trierer Stahlwerk GmbH Method and device for continuous casting of steel
CN102527965A (en) * 2010-12-11 2012-07-04 鞍钢股份有限公司 Method for desulfurizing in continuous casting process and tundish wire feeding device thereof
CN104325103A (en) * 2014-11-25 2015-02-04 山东钢铁股份有限公司 Protective casting method for feeding steel strips into crystallizer

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3315323A (en) * 1962-10-04 1967-04-25 Mannesmann Ag Method of continuous casting
US3331680A (en) * 1963-07-25 1967-07-18 Concast Ag Method and apparatus for the addition of treating agents in metal casting
US3451594A (en) * 1966-05-17 1969-06-24 Sigmund W Stewart Tundish nozzle construction
US3459537A (en) * 1966-08-25 1969-08-05 United States Steel Corp Continuously cast steel slabs and method of making same
US3465811A (en) * 1965-11-15 1969-09-09 Est Aciers Fins Plants for the continuous casting of steel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3315323A (en) * 1962-10-04 1967-04-25 Mannesmann Ag Method of continuous casting
US3331680A (en) * 1963-07-25 1967-07-18 Concast Ag Method and apparatus for the addition of treating agents in metal casting
US3465811A (en) * 1965-11-15 1969-09-09 Est Aciers Fins Plants for the continuous casting of steel
US3451594A (en) * 1966-05-17 1969-06-24 Sigmund W Stewart Tundish nozzle construction
US3459537A (en) * 1966-08-25 1969-08-05 United States Steel Corp Continuously cast steel slabs and method of making same

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991810A (en) * 1974-07-15 1976-11-16 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method and apparatus for introducing additives into a casting mold
US4040468A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-08-09 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method and apparatus for introducing additives into a casting mold
US4303118A (en) * 1979-07-25 1981-12-01 Georgetown Steel Corporation Apparatus for producing aluminum-deoxidized continuously cast steel
US4530393A (en) * 1983-07-22 1985-07-23 Rokop Corporation Apparatus for shrouding in a continuous casting machine
US6350295B1 (en) 2001-06-22 2002-02-26 Clayton A. Bulan, Jr. Method for densifying aluminum and iron briquettes and adding to steel
EP2055411A1 (en) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-06 TSW Trierer Stahlwerk GmbH Method and device for continuous casting of steel
CN102527965A (en) * 2010-12-11 2012-07-04 鞍钢股份有限公司 Method for desulfurizing in continuous casting process and tundish wire feeding device thereof
CN104325103A (en) * 2014-11-25 2015-02-04 山东钢铁股份有限公司 Protective casting method for feeding steel strips into crystallizer
CN104325103B (en) * 2014-11-25 2016-08-24 山东钢铁股份有限公司 The molding casting method of steel band fed by a kind of crystallizer

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