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US3627787A - Amids- and sulfonamido-substituted fluorans - Google Patents

Amids- and sulfonamido-substituted fluorans Download PDF

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US3627787A
US3627787A US792435*A US3627787DA US3627787A US 3627787 A US3627787 A US 3627787A US 3627787D A US3627787D A US 3627787DA US 3627787 A US3627787 A US 3627787A
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diethylamino
fluoran
chromogenic
sheet
mark
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US792435*A
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Chao-Han Lin
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Appvion LLC
NCR Voyix Corp
National Cash Register Co
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NCR Corp
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Assigned to APPLETON PAPERS INC. reassignment APPLETON PAPERS INC. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). FILED 12/1781, EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/02/82 STATE OF INCORP. DE Assignors: GERMAINE MONTEIL COSMETIQUES CORPORATION (CHANGED TO APPLETON PAPERS), TUVACHE, INC.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B11/00—Diaryl- or thriarylmethane dyes
    • C09B11/04—Diaryl- or thriarylmethane dyes derived from triarylmethanes, i.e. central C-atom is substituted by amino, cyano, alkyl
    • C09B11/10—Amino derivatives of triarylmethanes
    • C09B11/24—Phthaleins containing amino groups ; Phthalanes; Fluoranes; Phthalides; Rhodamine dyes; Phthaleins having heterocyclic aryl rings; Lactone or lactame forms of triarylmethane dyes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/124—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components
    • B41M5/132—Chemical colour-forming components; Additives or binders therefor
    • B41M5/136—Organic colour formers, e.g. leuco dyes
    • B41M5/145—Organic colour formers, e.g. leuco dyes with a lactone or lactam ring
    • B41M5/1455—Organic colour formers, e.g. leuco dyes with a lactone or lactam ring characterised by fluoran compounds

Definitions

  • R represents a radical having the structural fonnula NHCOY or a radical having the structural formula NHSO -Y wherein Y comprises phenyl, methoxyphenyl, naphthyl, quinolyl, benzyl, alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms, and amino-, nitro-, and alkyl-substituted phenyl radicals wherein the alkyl groups have less than five carbon atoms; R comprises hydrogen and alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms; and R, comprises alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms.
  • Examples include 2'-acetar nido- 6'-diethylaminofluoran; 6-diethylamino-2-(phenylacetamido)fluoran; 6-diethylamino-2'-(p-toluenesulfonamido)fluoran; 2'-acetamido-6diethylamido-3'-methylfluoran; 6'-diethylamino-3 '-methyl-2 '-(p-toluenesulfonamido )fluoran; 6diethylamino-Z(p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido)fluoran; 6'-diethylamino-3 '-methyl-2'-(pnitrobenzenesulfonamido )fluoran; 6 diethylamino-Z 2- naphthalenesulfonamido)fluoran; 6'-diethylamido-2'-( 8-quinolinesulfonamid
  • This invention pertains to novel chromogenic compounds for use in pressure-sensitive record material and to an improved mark-forming manifold system incorporating these novel chromogenic compounds. More specifically, this invention pertains to acetamidoand sulfonamido-substituted diall Pressuresensitive, mark-forming system s of the prior art include that disclosed in application Ser. No. 392,404, filed Aug. 27, 1964 now abandoned in the names of Robert E.
  • R1 ⁇ o I s' Q 1' 2 R a o wherein Rlrepresents a radical having the structural formula --NH--CO--Y or a radical having the structure formula NHSO,Y wherein Y comprises phenyl, methoxyphenyl, naphthyl, quinolyl, benzyl, alkyl having less than five carbon 'atoms, and amino-, nitro-, and alkyl-substituted phenyl wherein the alkyl groups have less than five carbon atoms; R comprises hydrogen and alkyl radicals and R comprises alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms. Examples of these novel compounds include 2-acetamido-6'- diethylaminofluoran having the structural formula:
  • developing a dark-colored material from substantially colorless or slightly colored chromogenic compounds comprises providing a chromogenic compound selected from among the above-mentioned compounds and bringing such chromogenic compound into reactive contact with an acidic color-activating substance, in areas where marking is desired, to produce a 1 dark-colored form of the chromogenic compound by the action thereon of said acidic substance.
  • Acid materials employed in this invention can be any compound within the definition of a Lewis acid, i.e., any electron acceptor.
  • acid organic polymers such as phenolic polymers are employed as the acidic material.
  • the novel chromogenic materials exhibit the advantage of improved color stability when they are reacted with such phenolic polymers.
  • Solution formation of solid particles of the polymeric material in a solvent system with the substantially colorless chromogenic compounds permits penetration of the darkcolored reaction product into a porous support sheet, e.g., paper, so that the colored form of the chromogenic material is absorbed into the body of the sheet and is not merely on the surface of the sheet.
  • the absorption feature provides protection against erasure of recorded data by attrition of the surface of a record sheet made in accordance with the present invention.
  • a DRAWING sheet is supplied on the surface or near the surface with a multiplicity of minute pressure-rupturable microcapsules containing a solution of the novel, substantially colorless, chromogenic component.
  • An acidic component such as a acid clay or a phenolic polymeric materials lies within the lower web or undersheet or upon the upper surface of the lower web or undersheet.
  • a colored mark is made by the use of a stylus, a type character, or other pressure-exerting means applied to the two-sheet unit manifold.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectioned view of the two-sheet unit manifold of FIG. 1. The elements are not to scale and are so shown in order to more effectively depict their interrelation.
  • the released solution is transferred from the overlying or base sheet to the receiving surface of the underlying sheet in conformance with the pressure pattern of the writing operation.
  • the drawing shows that the top of the underlying sheet is coated or impregnated with a material reactant with the chromogenic material, e .g., an acid clay or an acidic phenolic polymer material; and that capsules are present on the overlying or base sheet which capsules contain a liquid solution of chromogenic material.
  • the capsules can contain the polymeric phenolic materials in liquid solution and the receiving surface of the underlying sheet can be supplied with the chromogenic material.
  • the improvement in the system resides in the chromogenic material, which chromogenic material is the 0 novel substance of the instant invention.
  • the polymeric mark-forming components 5 5 should have a common solubility with the novel chromogenic material in at least one liquid solvent when the acid-reacting material is a phenolic or other acidic organic polymer. It is also noted that in a single system several chromogenic materials may be used with the same or different polymeric materials. Several polymeric materials can be reactively contacted with a single chromogenic compound or with a mixture of chromogenic compounds.
  • the solvent can be maintained in physical isolation in minute droplets until such time as it is released by application of pressure. This may be accomplished by several known techniques, but preferably. isolation is maintained by encapsulation of individual droplets of the solvent in a microcapsule according to the procedures described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,7l2,507 issued July 5, I955 on the application of Barrett K. Green; 2,730,457 issued Jan. I0, 1956 on the application of Barrett K. Green and Lowell Schleicher; 2,800,457 issued July 23, i957 on the application of Barrett K. Green and Lowell Schleicher; 2,800,458 issued 5 July 23, 1957 on the application of Barrett K. Green, reissued as Reissue Pat. No. 24.899 on Nov. 29. 1960; and 3,04l,289
  • the microscopic capsules when disposed within or upon a supporting web as a multiplicity in contiguous juxtaposition, are rupturable by pressure, such as normal marking pressure found, for example, in writing or typmg operations.
  • the material or materials chosen as the wall material for the droplet-containing microcapsules in addition to being pressure rupturable, must be inert or unreactive with respect to the intended contents of the capsule wall material will remain intact under normal storage conditions until such time as it is released by an application of marking pressure.
  • Preferred examples of eligible capsule wall materials include gelatin, gum arabic'and many other thoroughly described in the aforementioned patents.-
  • the capsule size should not exceed about 50 microns in diameter.
  • the capsules should be smaller than about microns in diameter.
  • the acidic organic polymeric material useful for developing the color of novel chromogenic compounds in this invention include phenolic polymers, phenol acetylene polymers, maleic acid-rosin resins, partially or wholly hydrolyzed styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers and ethylenemaleic anhydride copolymers, carboxy polymethylene and wholly or partially hydrolyzed vinylmethylether-maleic anhydride copolymer and mixtures thereof.
  • phenolic polymers found useful include alkyl-phenol acetylene resins, which are soluble in common organic solvents and possess permanent fusibility in the absence of being treated by cross-linking materials.
  • Another specific group of useful phenolic polymers are members of the type commonly referred to as novolacs," (a type of phenolformaldehyde polymeric material) which are characterized by solubility in common organic solvents and which are, in the absence of cross-linking agents. permanently fusible.
  • Resol resins if they are still soluble,-may be used, though they are subject to change in properties upon aging.
  • phenol.- ic polymer material found useful in practicing this invention is characterized by the presence of hydroxyl groups and by the absence of groups such as methylol, which tend to promote infusibility of cross-linking of the polymer. and, further, by
  • a laboratory method useful in the selection of suitable phenolic resins is the determinations of the infrared absorption pattern. It has been found that phenolic resins which undergo absorption in the 3200-3500 cm.”region (which is indicative of hydroxyl groups) on the resin molecules and which do not absorb in the 1600-1700 cm. 'lregion are eligible. This latter absorption region is is indicative of desensitization of hydroxyl groups which desensitization renders such groups unavailable for reaction with the chromogenic materials.
  • the liquid solvent chosen must be capable of dissolving it.
  • the solvent may be volatile or nonvolatile, and a singleor multiple-component solvent may-be used which is wholly or partially volatile.
  • volatile solvents useful in practicing the present invention include toluene, petroleum distillate, perchloroethylene, and xylene.
  • nonvolatile solvents include high-boiling-point petroleum fractions and chlorinated biphenyls.
  • the solvent chose should be capable of dissolving at least about 0.3 percent, by weight, of the chromogenic material, and at least about 3 to 5 percent, by weight, of the acidic polymeric material to yield an effective reaction.
  • the solvent should be capable of dissolving an excess of the polymeric material, so as to provide every opportunity for utilization of the chromogenic material and, thus, to assure maximum coloration at the reaction site.
  • a further criterion for selection of the solvent is that the sol.- vent must not interfere with the mark-fonning reaction.
  • the presence of the solvent may be found to interfere with the mark-forming reaction or diminish the intensity of the mark, in which instances the solvent chosen should be sufficiently volatile to assure its removal from the reaction site soon after having brought the mark-forming components into reactive contact so that the mark-forming reaction can proceed.
  • mark-forming reaction requires that an intimate mixtureof the components be brought about through solution of said components, one or more of the mark-forming components can be dissolved in solvent droplets isolated by encapsulation, the only requirement being that at least one of the components essential to the mark-forming reaction be maintained isolated until the mark-forming reaction is desired.
  • the mark-forming components are so chose as to produce a mark upon application of pressure to a coated system of sheets at room temperature (20 to 25 C.)
  • the present invention also includes a system wherein the solvent component is not liquid at temperatures near room temperature but is liquid and in condition for forming solution only at elevated temperatures.
  • the mark-forming components are so chosen as to produce a mark upon application of pressure to a coated system of sheets at room temperature (20 to 25 C.)
  • the present invention also includes a system wherein the solvent component is not liquid at temperatures near room temperature but is liquid and in condition for forming solutions only at elevated temperatures.
  • the support sheet member on which components of the system are disposed may comprise a single or a dual sheet assembly.
  • the record material is referred to as a self-containing" or autogenous system.
  • the record material is referred to as a transfer" system.
  • a transfer system
  • uch a system may also be referred to as a twofold" system, in that at least two sheets are required and each sheet includes a component, or components, essential to the mark-forming reaction).
  • a colored mark can be recorded on a second sheet by transfer of the colored reaction product.
  • microcapsules in a preferred case, where microcapsules are employed, they can be present in the sheet support material either disposed there throughout or as a coating thereon, or both.
  • the capsules can be applied to the sheet material as a dispersion in the liquid vehicle in which they were manufactured, or, if desired, they can be separated from the vehicle and thereafter dispersed in the solution of the acid-reacting polymeric component (for instance, 30 grams of water and 53 grams of a 1 percent, by weight, aqueous solution of polyvinylmethylether-maleic anhydride) to form a sheet-coating composition in which, because of the inertness of the solution and the capsules, both components retain their identity and physical integrity.
  • the acid-reacting polymeric component for instance, 30 grams of water and 53 grams of a 1 percent, by weight, aqueous solution of polyvinylmethylether-maleic anhydride
  • the capsules When the capsules are held therein subject to release of the contained liquid by rupture of the capsule walls.
  • the latter technique relying on the inertness of the microcapsule and the dispersing medium of the film-forming markforming polymeric component, provides a method for preparing a sensitive record material coating having the capsules interspersed directly in a dry film of the polymeric material as the film is laid down from solution.
  • a further alternative is to disperse one or more mark-forming components, and the chromogenic-material-containing microcapsules in a liquid medium not a solvent for either the mark-forming component or the microcapsules, with the result that all components of the mark-forming system may be disposed on or within the support sheet in the one operation.
  • the several components may be applied individually.
  • the capsules can also be coated onto a sheet as a dispersion in a solution of polymeric material which is not necessarily reactive with the capsule-contained solution of chromogenic materials.
  • Suitable lower amounts include, in the case of the chromogenic material, about 0.005 to 0.075 pound per ream (a ream in this application means 500 sheets of 25 inch X38 inch paper, totaling 3,300-square feet); in the case of the solvent, about 1 to 3 pounds per ream; and in the case of the polymer, about 0.5 pounds per ream.
  • the upper limit is primarily a matter of economic consideration.
  • the slurry of capsules can be applied to a wet web of paper, for example, as it exists on the screen of a Fourdrinier paper machine, so as to penetrate the paper web a distance depending on the freeness of the pulp and the water content of the web at the point. of application.
  • the capsules can be placed directly in or on a paper or support sheet. No only structures, but continuous films which contain a multitude of microscopic, unencapsulated, droplets for local release in an area subjected to pressure can be'utilized. (See, for example, U.S. Pat. No 2,299,694 which issued Oct. 20, 1942, on the application of Barrett K. Green).
  • a solution thereof in an evaporable solvent can be introduced into an amount of water and the resulting mixture can be agitated while the evaporable solvent is blown off by an air blast.
  • This operation leaves an aqueous colloidal dispersion slurry of the polymeric material, which may be applied to finished paper so as to leave a surface residue or the slurry may be applied by wet web of paper or at the size-press station of a papennaking machine.
  • the water-soluble polymer can be ground to a desired or required particle size in a ball mill with water, preferably with a dispersing agent, such as a small quantity of sodium silicate.
  • a binder material of hydrophilic properties is ground with the polymeric material, the binder itself may act as a dispersant. lf desired, an amount of binder material of up to 40 percent, by weight, of the amount of polymeric material can be added to the ball-milled slurry of materials -such binder materials being of the paper-coating binder class, including, for example, gum arabic, casein, hydroxyethylcellulose, and latexes (such as styrene-butadiene copolymer).
  • oil absorbents in the form of fuller 's earths may be combined with the polymeric material particles to assist in retaining, in situ, the liquid droplets of chromogenic material solution to be transferred to it in datarepresenting configuration, for the purpose of preventing bleeding" of the print.
  • Another method for applying the chromogenic or polymeric material individually to a single sheet of paper is by immersing a sheet of paper in 1 --l percent, by weight, solution of the material in an evaporable solvent.
  • this operation must be conducted individually for each reactant, because if the other reactant material were present, contact of the reactants would result in a premature coloration over the sheet area,
  • a dried sheet with one component can the be coated with a solution of another component, the solvent of which is a nonsolvent to the already-supplied component.
  • the polymeric material can also be dissolved in ink composition vehicles to form a printing ink" of colorless character and, thus, may beused to spot-print a proposed record-sheet unit sensitized for recording, in a reactionproduced color in' those spot-printed areas, by application of a solution of the chromogenic material.
  • a printing ink may be made of up to 75 percent, by weight, of the phenolic polymeric material in a petroleumbased solvent -the ink being built to a viscosity suitable for printing purposes.
  • the relative amounts of reactive, markforming, components to be used in practice of this invention. are those most convenient and economical amounts consistent with adequate, desired or required visibility of the recorded data.
  • the resolution of the recorded data is dependent on, among other things, particle or capsule size, distribution and amount of particles or capsules, liquid solvent migration, chemical reaction efficiency, and other factors, all of which can be optimized empirically by one skilled in the art. Such factors do not determine the principle of the present invention, which invention, in part, relates to means for enabling the bring into solution contact, by marking pressure, two normally solid, chemically reactive, components dissolved in a common liquid solvent component held isolated as liquid droplets.
  • the isolated liquid droplets are preferably in marking-pressure-rupturable capsules having polymeric-film walls, or are isolated, as a discontinuous phase, in a continuous marking-pressure-rupturable film.
  • the acidic mark-forming material reacts with the novel chromogenic material to effect distinctive color formation or color change.
  • the acidic mark-forming material reacts with the novel chromogenic material to effect distinctive color formation or color change.
  • it may be desirably to include other materials to supplement the polymer'reactants, For example, kaolin can be added to improve the transfer of the liquid and/or the dissolved materials between the sheets.
  • compositions useful for coating mark-forming materials into supporting sheets can be employed in compositions useful for coating mark-forming materials into supporting sheets.
  • An example of the compositions which can be coated onto the receiving surface of an underlying sheet of a multisheet to react with a capsule coating on the underside of an overlying sheet is as follows:
  • the mixture is then poured onto about 225 parts, by weight, of ice and made alkaline to a pH of about b by addition of dilute ammonium hydroxide.
  • the alkaline system is extracted by benzene and the benzene is washed with 10 percent, by weight, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and then with water.
  • the washed benzene extract is then evaporated to dryness and the residue is chromatographically purified over alumina and then recrystallized from benzene-petroleum ether.
  • the purified product is reduced with stannous chloride solution to yield 2- amino-6'-diethylaminofluoran having a melting point of about 2 l4 C.
  • the benzene layer was washed with 10 percent, by weight, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, then with water, then was concentrated to about 50 milliliters by evaporation.
  • the concentrated benzene extract was chromatographically purified over alumina.
  • a benzene solution of the purified reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 6 '-diethylamino-2 p-toluenesulfonamido)fluoran A mixture of 0.4 grams of 2amino'6-diethylaminofluoran (preparation described in example 1, above) 0.2 grams of ptoluenesulfonyl chloride, and 5 milliliters of pyridine was refluxed for 15 minutes and then poured into 100 milliliters of water. The system was then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to a pH of about 4 to precipitate the reaction product.
  • the precipitate was extracted with 100 milliliters of benzene and the benzene extract, after a water wash, was concentrated to about 50 milliliters by evaporation.
  • the concentrated extract was treated in an alumina-packed chromatography column to obtain a purified product.
  • a benzene solution of the purified product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
  • the fluoran starting material of this example is 2- amino-6'-diethylamino-3'-methylfluoran.
  • a benzene solution of the reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
  • benzene solution of the purified reaction product of this example imparted to red color to paper coated with kaolin and phenolic polymer.
  • a benzene solution of the purified reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
  • EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of 6'-diethylamino-2-(2-naphthalenesulfonamido)fluoran
  • the reaction of this example was conducted according to the same procedure as that described in example 6, above, with the exception that 2-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride was substituted for the 4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride of 4example.
  • the purified product exhibited a melting point of l5l-l53 C.
  • a benzene solution of the purified reaction product imparted a red color to p paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
  • EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of 6'-diethylamino-2-( 8-quinolinesulfonamido)fluoran
  • the reaction of this example was conducted according to the same procedure as that described in example 6, above, with the exception that 8-quinolinesulfonyl chloride was substituted for the 4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride of that example.
  • the purified product exhibited a melting point of 255-256 C.
  • a benzene solution of the purified reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
  • a chromogenic compound having the structural formula R represents a chemical radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having less than five carbon atoms.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Color Printing (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)

Abstract

A chromogenic material of normally colorless form is disclosed, having a structural formula:

WHEREIN R1 represents a radical having the structural formula NH-CO-Y or a radical having the structural formula -NH-SO2-Y wherein Y comprises phenyl, methoxyphenyl, naphthyl, quinolyl, benzyl, alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms, and amino-, nitro-, and alkyl-substituted phenyl radicals wherein the alkyl groups have less than five carbon atoms; R comprises hydrogen and alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms; and R2 comprises alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms. Examples include 2''-acetamido-6''-diethylaminofluoran; 6''diethylamino-2''-(phenylacetamido)fluoran; 6'' -diethylamino-2'' (p-toluenesulfonamido)fluoran; 2'' -acetamido-6'' -diethylamido-3'' -methylfluoran; 6'' -diethylamino-3'' -methyl-2'' -(ptoluenesulfonamido)fluoran; 6'' -diethylamino-2'' -(pnitrobenzenesulfonamido)fluoran; 6'' -diethylamino-3'' -methyl-2'' (p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido)fluoran; 6'' -diethylamino-2'' -(2naphthalenesulfonamido)fluoran; 6'' -diethylamido-2'' -(8quinolinesulfonamido)fluoran; and 6'' -diethylamino-2'' -(4methoxybenzenesulfonamido)fluoran.

Description

United States Patent 72] Inventor Chao-Han Lin Dayton, Ohio [2 1] Appl. No. 792,435
{22] Filed Jan. 21, 1969 [45] Patented Dec. 14, 1971 [73] Assignee The National Cash Register Company Dayton, Ohio AMlDS- AND SULFONAMlDO-SUBSTITUTED FLUORANS 6 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs.
260/283 SA, 260/287 R, 117/362, 117/36.8
[5 1] Int. Cl C07d 21/00 [50] Field of Search 2601287, 283 SA, 3433; 117/362 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,514,310 5/1970 Kimura et al. 117/362 Primary Examiner-Alex Mazel I Assistant Examiner-Anne Marie T. Tighe Attorneys-E. Frank McKinney and Robert J. Shafer mums SURFACE OF M %L1$;ERONACCEPTING MATERIAL OF THE LEWIS- ABSTRACT: A chromogenic material of normally colorless form is disclosed, having a structural formula:
wherein R represents a radical having the structural fonnula NHCOY or a radical having the structural formula NHSO -Y wherein Y comprises phenyl, methoxyphenyl, naphthyl, quinolyl, benzyl, alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms, and amino-, nitro-, and alkyl-substituted phenyl radicals wherein the alkyl groups have less than five carbon atoms; R comprises hydrogen and alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms; and R, comprises alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms. Examples include 2'-acetar nido- 6'-diethylaminofluoran; 6-diethylamino-2-(phenylacetamido)fluoran; 6-diethylamino-2'-(p-toluenesulfonamido)fluoran; 2'-acetamido-6diethylamido-3'-methylfluoran; 6'-diethylamino-3 '-methyl-2 '-(p-toluenesulfonamido )fluoran; 6diethylamino-Z(p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido)fluoran; 6'-diethylamino-3 '-methyl-2'-(pnitrobenzenesulfonamido )fluoran; 6 diethylamino-Z 2- naphthalenesulfonamido)fluoran; 6'-diethylamido-2'-( 8-quinolinesulfonamido )fluoran; and 6'-diethylamino-2 4-methoxybenzenesulfonamido )fluoran.
SE-SHEET OF RECORD MATERIAL COATED on THE REAR WITH MIMJTE WEMURABLE CAPSULES CONTAINIM LIQUID SOLUTIN OF CHROHOGEMC MATERIAL Vii-MILE ON WNTACT WITH AN MTRQO- ACCEPTING MATERIAL OF M LEW!- ACID TYPE TO COLORED FORM ET COATED WITH PATENTEUntmwn I 3.627.787
FIGyI ET OF RECORD MATERIAL COATED ON THE REAR WITH MINUTE PRESSURE-RUPTURABLE CAPSULES CONTAINING LIQUID SOLUTION OF CHROMOGENIC MATERIAL DEVELOPABLE ON CONTACT WITH AN ELECTRON- ACCEPTINGMATERIAL OF THE LEWIS- ACID TYPE TO COLORED FORM RECEIVING SURFACE OF UNDERSHEET COATED WITH AN ELECTRON-ACCEPTING MATERIAL OF THE LEWIS- ACID TYPE FIG. 2'
INVENTOR CHAO-HAN LIN 1 WSW HIS AGENT AMIDS- AND SULFONAMlDO-SUBSTITUTED FLUORANS BACKGROUND OF'THE lNVENTlON This invention pertains to novel chromogenic compounds for use in pressure-sensitive record material and to an improved mark-forming manifold system incorporating these novel chromogenic compounds. More specifically, this invention pertains to acetamidoand sulfonamido-substituted diall Pressuresensitive, mark-forming system s of the prior art include that disclosed in application Ser. No. 392,404, filed Aug. 27, 1964 now abandoned in the names of Robert E.
Miller and Paul S. Phillips, Jr. The above-mentioned patent application provides a marking system of disposing on and/or within sheet-support material. mutually reactant but unreacted mark-forming components (at least one component of which is a polymeric material) and a liquid solvent in which thy m '-(p y m each of the markforming components is soluble, said liquid solvent being present in such form that it is maintained isolated by a pressure-rupturable barrier from at least one of the mark-forming components until an application of pressure causes a breach or rupture of the barrier in the area delineated by the pressure pattern. The markforming components thereby are brought into reactive contact, producing a distinctive mark,
It is an object of this invention to provide new and improved substances having chromogenic properties which may be incorporated in a web or coated onto the surface of a web to i provide a novel manifolding unit, and which are, moreover, useful in carrying out improved methods of marking involving reactive contact with a color-activating material to yield darkcolored reaction products in areas where marl ing i s de s ired.
It is another object of this invention to provide compounds, i
based upon the acetamidoand sulfonamido-substituted dialkylaminofluorans disclosed herein which are substantially colorless, or slightly colored offering a new and improvedvariety of chromogenic characteristics, and yielding novel dark-colored substances upon contact with color-activating materials.
It is a further object of this invention to provide new and improved, normally substantially colorless, chromogenic substances yielding colored reaction products when placed in reactive contact with certain selected Lewis acid materials.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a new and improved mark-forming system which comprises disposing,
'within a web or upon the surface of a web or sheet-supportmaterial, unreacted chromogenic material in a location suitable for subsequent reactive contact with an acidic material to produce dark-colored reaction products, thus providing 70 means for making marks of desirably color intensity in accordance with one feature of this invention, there is provided a novel, substantially colorless or slightly colored,
chromogenic compound having the structural formula:
R1\ o I s' Q 1' 2 R a o wherein Rlrepresents a radical having the structural formula --NH--CO--Y or a radical having the structure formula NHSO,Y wherein Y comprises phenyl, methoxyphenyl, naphthyl, quinolyl, benzyl, alkyl having less than five carbon 'atoms, and amino-, nitro-, and alkyl-substituted phenyl wherein the alkyl groups have less than five carbon atoms; R comprises hydrogen and alkyl radicals and R comprises alkyl radicals having less than five carbon atoms. Examples of these novel compounds include 2-acetamido-6'- diethylaminofluoran having the structural formula:
having the structural formula:
6'-diethylamino-2(p-toluenesulfonamidefluoran) having the structural formula:
x N.so-@cn c=o H 4-acetamido-6-diethylamino-3-methylfluoran having the structural formula: I
6'-diethylamino-3'-methyl-2'-(p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido) fluoran having the structural formula:
6'-diethylamino-2'-( Z-napthalenesulfonamido )fluoran having the structural formula:
Calls 6'-diethylamino-2'-( 4-methoxybenzer est lfgnamido )flugran havias the s r stsralfa mula;
developing a dark-colored material from substantially colorless or slightly colored chromogenic compounds, comprises providing a chromogenic compound selected from among the above-mentioned compounds and bringing such chromogenic compound into reactive contact with an acidic color-activating substance, in areas where marking is desired, to produce a 1 dark-colored form of the chromogenic compound by the action thereon of said acidic substance.
Acid materials employed in this invention can be any compound within the definition of a Lewis acid, i.e., any electron acceptor. Preferably, acid organic polymers such as phenolic polymers are employed as the acidic material. The novel chromogenic materials exhibit the advantage of improved color stability when they are reacted with such phenolic polymers. Solution formation of solid particles of the polymeric material in a solvent system with the substantially colorless chromogenic compounds permits penetration of the darkcolored reaction product into a porous support sheet, e.g., paper, so that the colored form of the chromogenic material is absorbed into the body of the sheet and is not merely on the surface of the sheet. The absorption feature provides protection against erasure of recorded data by attrition of the surface of a record sheet made in accordance with the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING sheet is supplied on the surface or near the surface with a multiplicity of minute pressure-rupturable microcapsules containing a solution of the novel, substantially colorless, chromogenic component. An acidic component, such as a acid clay or a phenolic polymeric materials lies within the lower web or undersheet or upon the upper surface of the lower web or undersheet. A colored mark is made by the use of a stylus, a type character, or other pressure-exerting means applied to the two-sheet unit manifold.
The encapsulated solution is released on the event of rupture of the capsules in writing operations, as is shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a sectioned view of the two-sheet unit manifold of FIG. 1. The elements are not to scale and are so shown in order to more effectively depict their interrelation. The released solution is transferred from the overlying or base sheet to the receiving surface of the underlying sheet in conformance with the pressure pattern of the writing operation. The drawing shows that the top of the underlying sheet is coated or impregnated with a material reactant with the chromogenic material, e .g., an acid clay or an acidic phenolic polymer material; and that capsules are present on the overlying or base sheet which capsules contain a liquid solution of chromogenic material. In another embodiment of the record material, however, the capsules can contain the polymeric phenolic materials in liquid solution and the receiving surface of the underlying sheet can be supplied with the chromogenic material. The improvement in the system resides in the chromogenic material, which chromogenic material is the 0 novel substance of the instant invention.
Referring again to FIG. 1, comprising an overlying or base sheet having the chromogenic material located within or upon thevsbecu.itisasssikzlsiaw eamm the chromogenic material in a solid, crystalline state in a binder material so that the chromogenic material may be transferred from the substance is dissolved in an appropriate solvent and minute droplets of the solution of the chromogenic material are encapsulated in minute, rupturable, capsules. it is apparent the rnany otherarrangements are possible, including different configurations and relationships of the solvent and all of the mark-forming materials with respect to their encapsulation and location on the supporting underlying or overlying sheets of webs can be envisioned. Such arrangements are thoroughly described in the aforementioned abandoned application Ser. No. 392,404 in the names of Miller et al. and need not be repeated herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is noted that the polymeric mark-forming components 5 5 should have a common solubility with the novel chromogenic material in at least one liquid solvent when the acid-reacting material is a phenolic or other acidic organic polymer. It is also noted that in a single system several chromogenic materials may be used with the same or different polymeric materials. Several polymeric materials can be reactively contacted with a single chromogenic compound or with a mixture of chromogenic compounds.
As mentioned above, the solvent can be maintained in physical isolation in minute droplets until such time as it is released by application of pressure. This may be accomplished by several known techniques, but preferably. isolation is maintained by encapsulation of individual droplets of the solvent in a microcapsule according to the procedures described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,7l2,507 issued July 5, I955 on the application of Barrett K. Green; 2,730,457 issued Jan. I0, 1956 on the application of Barrett K. Green and Lowell Schleicher; 2,800,457 issued July 23, i957 on the application of Barrett K. Green and Lowell Schleicher; 2,800,458 issued 5 July 23, 1957 on the application of Barrett K. Green, reissued as Reissue Pat. No. 24.899 on Nov. 29. 1960; and 3,04l,289
issued June 26, 1962 on the application of Bernard Katchen and Robert E. Miller. The microscopic capsules, when disposed within or upon a supporting web as a multiplicity in contiguous juxtaposition, are rupturable by pressure, such as normal marking pressure found, for example, in writing or typmg operations.
The material or materials chosen as the wall material for the droplet-containing microcapsules, in addition to being pressure rupturable, must be inert or unreactive with respect to the intended contents of the capsule wall material will remain intact under normal storage conditions until such time as it is released by an application of marking pressure. Preferred examples of eligible capsule wall materials include gelatin, gum arabic'and many other thoroughly described in the aforementioned patents.-
For most uses in record material, the capsule size should not exceed about 50 microns in diameter. Preferably, the capsules should be smaller than about microns in diameter.
The acidic organic polymeric material useful for developing the color of novel chromogenic compounds in this invention include phenolic polymers, phenol acetylene polymers, maleic acid-rosin resins, partially or wholly hydrolyzed styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers and ethylenemaleic anhydride copolymers, carboxy polymethylene and wholly or partially hydrolyzed vinylmethylether-maleic anhydride copolymer and mixtures thereof.
More specifically, phenolic polymers found useful include alkyl-phenol acetylene resins, which are soluble in common organic solvents and possess permanent fusibility in the absence of being treated by cross-linking materials. Another specific group of useful phenolic polymers are members of the type commonly referred to as novolacs," (a type of phenolformaldehyde polymeric material) which are characterized by solubility in common organic solvents and which are, in the absence of cross-linking agents. permanently fusible. Resol resins, if they are still soluble,-may be used, though they are subject to change in properties upon aging. Generally, phenol.- ic polymer material found useful in practicing this invention is characterized by the presence of hydroxyl groups and by the absence of groups such as methylol, which tend to promote infusibility of cross-linking of the polymer. and, further, by
being soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in aqueous media. Again, it should be remembered that mixtures of these organic polymers and other acidic materials can be employed.
A laboratory method useful in the selection of suitable phenolic resins is the determinations of the infrared absorption pattern. It has been found that phenolic resins which undergo absorption in the 3200-3500 cm."region (which is indicative of hydroxyl groups) on the resin molecules and which do not absorb in the 1600-1700 cm. 'lregion are eligible. This latter absorption region is is indicative of desensitization of hydroxyl groups which desensitization renders such groups unavailable for reaction with the chromogenic materials.
The preparation of some organic polymeric materials useful for practicing this invention has been described in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 43, Pages I34 to 14, Jan. 195 l and a particular polymer thereof is described in exam ple l of U.S. Pat. No. 2,052,093, issued to Herbert Honel on Aug. 25, 1936. The preparation of the phenol-acetylene polymers has been described in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Volume 4i, Pages 73 to 77, Jan. 1949. The preparation of maleic anhydride copolymers is described in the literature, such as, for example, one of the maleic anhydride vinyl copolymers, as disclosed in Vinyl and Related Polymers, by Calvin E. Schildknecht, Second printing, published Apr. 1959, by John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated: See pages 65 to 68 (styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer), 530 to 531 (ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), and 628 to 630 (vinylmethylether-maleic anhydride copolymer).
When the acidic material used as a mark-forming component in the present invention is one of the aforementioned organic polymers, the liquid solvent chosen must be capable of dissolving it. The solvent may be volatile or nonvolatile, and a singleor multiple-component solvent may-be used which is wholly or partially volatile. Examples of volatile solvents useful in practicing the present invention include toluene, petroleum distillate, perchloroethylene, and xylene. Examples of nonvolatile solvents include high-boiling-point petroleum fractions and chlorinated biphenyls. Generally, the solvent chose should be capable of dissolving at least about 0.3 percent, by weight, of the chromogenic material, and at least about 3 to 5 percent, by weight, of the acidic polymeric material to yield an effective reaction. However, in the preferred system, the solvent should be capable of dissolving an excess of the polymeric material, so as to provide every opportunity for utilization of the chromogenic material and, thus, to assure maximum coloration at the reaction site.
A further criterion for selection of the solvent is that the sol.- vent must not interfere with the mark-fonning reaction. In some instances, the presence of the solvent may be found to interfere with the mark-forming reaction or diminish the intensity of the mark, in which instances the solvent chosen should be sufficiently volatile to assure its removal from the reaction site soon after having brought the mark-forming components into reactive contact so that the mark-forming reaction can proceed.
Since the mark-forming reaction requires that an intimate mixtureof the components be brought about through solution of said components, one or more of the mark-forming components can be dissolved in solvent droplets isolated by encapsulation, the only requirement being that at least one of the components essential to the mark-forming reaction be maintained isolated until the mark-forming reaction is desired.
In the usual case, the mark-forming components are so chose as to produce a mark upon application of pressure to a coated system of sheets at room temperature (20 to 25 C.)
However, the present invention also includes a system wherein the solvent component is not liquid at temperatures near room temperature but is liquid and in condition for forming solution only at elevated temperatures.
In the usual case, the mark-forming components are so chosen as to produce a mark upon application of pressure to a coated system of sheets at room temperature (20 to 25 C.) However, the present invention also includes a system wherein the solvent component is not liquid at temperatures near room temperature but is liquid and in condition for forming solutions only at elevated temperatures.
The support sheet member on which components of the system are disposed may comprise a single or a dual sheet assembly. In the case where all components are disposed on a single sheet, the record material is referred to as a self-containing" or autogenous system. Where there must be a migration of solvent, with or without the mark-forming component, from one sheet to another, the record material is referred to as a transfer" system. (Such a system may also be referred to as a twofold" system, in that at least two sheets are required and each sheet includes a component, or components, essential to the mark-forming reaction). Where an adequate amount of the colored reaction product is produced in liquid or dissolved form on a surface of one sheet, a colored mark can be recorded on a second sheet by transfer of the colored reaction product.
in a preferred case, where microcapsules are employed, they can be present in the sheet support material either disposed there throughout or as a coating thereon, or both. The capsules can be applied to the sheet material as a dispersion in the liquid vehicle in which they were manufactured, or, if desired, they can be separated from the vehicle and thereafter dispersed in the solution of the acid-reacting polymeric component (for instance, 30 grams of water and 53 grams of a 1 percent, by weight, aqueous solution of polyvinylmethylether-maleic anhydride) to form a sheet-coating composition in which, because of the inertness of the solution and the capsules, both components retain their identity and physical integrity. When the capsules are held therein subject to release of the contained liquid by rupture of the capsule walls. The latter technique, relying on the inertness of the microcapsule and the dispersing medium of the film-forming markforming polymeric component, provides a method for preparing a sensitive record material coating having the capsules interspersed directly in a dry film of the polymeric material as the film is laid down from solution. A further alternative is to disperse one or more mark-forming components, and the chromogenic-material-containing microcapsules in a liquid medium not a solvent for either the mark-forming component or the microcapsules, with the result that all components of the mark-forming system may be disposed on or within the support sheet in the one operation. Of course, the several components may be applied individually. The capsules can also be coated onto a sheet as a dispersion in a solution of polymeric material which is not necessarily reactive with the capsule-contained solution of chromogenic materials.
The respective amounts of the several components can be varied according to the nature of the materials and the architecture of the record material unit desired or required. Suitable lower amounts include, in the case of the chromogenic material, about 0.005 to 0.075 pound per ream (a ream in this application means 500 sheets of 25 inch X38 inch paper, totaling 3,300-square feet); in the case of the solvent, about 1 to 3 pounds per ream; and in the case of the polymer, about 0.5 pounds per ream. In all instances, the upper limit is primarily a matter of economic consideration.
The slurry of capsules can be applied to a wet web of paper, for example, as it exists on the screen of a Fourdrinier paper machine, so as to penetrate the paper web a distance depending on the freeness of the pulp and the water content of the web at the point. of application. The capsules can be placed directly in or on a paper or support sheet. No only structures, but continuous films which contain a multitude of microscopic, unencapsulated, droplets for local release in an area subjected to pressure can be'utilized. (See, for example, U.S. Pat. No 2,299,694 which issued Oct. 20, 1942, on the application of Barrett K. Green).
With respect to the acidic organic polymeric component, a solution thereof in an evaporable solvent can be introduced into an amount of water and the resulting mixture can be agitated while the evaporable solvent is blown off by an air blast. This operation leaves an aqueous colloidal dispersion slurry of the polymeric material, which may be applied to finished paper so as to leave a surface residue or the slurry may be applied by wet web of paper or at the size-press station of a papennaking machine. In another method for making a polymer-sensitized sheet, the water-soluble polymer can be ground to a desired or required particle size in a ball mill with water, preferably with a dispersing agent, such as a small quantity of sodium silicate. If a binder material of hydrophilic properties is ground with the polymeric material, the binder itself may act as a dispersant. lf desired, an amount of binder material of up to 40 percent, by weight, of the amount of polymeric material can be added to the ball-milled slurry of materials -such binder materials being of the paper-coating binder class, including, for example, gum arabic, casein, hydroxyethylcellulose, and latexes (such as styrene-butadiene copolymer). if desired, oil absorbents in the form of fuller 's earths may be combined with the polymeric material particles to assist in retaining, in situ, the liquid droplets of chromogenic material solution to be transferred to it in datarepresenting configuration, for the purpose of preventing bleeding" of the print.
Another method for applying the chromogenic or polymeric material individually to a single sheet of paper is by immersing a sheet of paper in 1 --l percent, by weight, solution of the material in an evaporable solvent. Of course, this operation must be conducted individually for each reactant, because if the other reactant material were present, contact of the reactants would result in a premature coloration over the sheet area, A dried sheet with one component can the be coated with a solution of another component, the solvent of which is a nonsolvent to the already-supplied component.
The polymeric material can also be dissolved in ink composition vehicles to form a printing ink" of colorless character and, thus, may beused to spot-print a proposed record-sheet unit sensitized for recording, in a reactionproduced color in' those spot-printed areas, by application of a solution of the chromogenic material. in the case of phenolic polymer, a printing ink may be made of up to 75 percent, by weight, of the phenolic polymeric material in a petroleumbased solvent -the ink being built to a viscosity suitable for printing purposes. The relative amounts of reactive, markforming, components to be used in practice of this invention. are those most convenient and economical amounts consistent with adequate, desired or required visibility of the recorded data. The resolution of the recorded data is dependent on, among other things, particle or capsule size, distribution and amount of particles or capsules, liquid solvent migration, chemical reaction efficiency, and other factors, all of which can be optimized empirically by one skilled in the art. Such factors do not determine the principle of the present invention, which invention, in part, relates to means for enabling the bring into solution contact, by marking pressure, two normally solid, chemically reactive, components dissolved in a common liquid solvent component held isolated as liquid droplets. The isolated liquid droplets are preferably in marking-pressure-rupturable capsules having polymeric-film walls, or are isolated, as a discontinuous phase, in a continuous marking-pressure-rupturable film.
in the color system of this invention the acidic mark-forming material reacts with the novel chromogenic material to effect distinctive color formation or color change. In a multisheet system in which an acidic organic polymer is employed, it may be desirably to include other materials to supplement the polymer'reactants, For example, kaolin can be added to improve the transfer of the liquid and/or the dissolved materials between the sheets. In addition, other materials such as bentonite, attapulgite, talc, feldspar, halloysite, magnesium trisilicate, silica gel, pyrophyllite, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium citrate, calcium phosphate, calcium fluoride, barium sulfate and .tannic acid can be included.
Various methods known to the prior art and others disclosed in the aforementioned abandoned application SN 392,404 in the names of Miller, et al. and in U.S. Pat. No 3,455,721 issued July 15, l969 on the application of Phillips, et al. can be employed in compositions useful for coating mark-forming materials into supporting sheets. An example of the compositions which can be coated onto the receiving surface of an underlying sheet of a multisheet to react with a capsule coating on the underside of an overlying sheet is as follows:
Coating Composition Percent By Weight Phenolic polymer mixture l7 Paper coating Kaolin (white) I 57 Calcium carbonate l2 Styrene butudiene late: 4 Ethylaled starch ll Gum urabic 2 Having disclosed, generally, the novel chromogenic materials of this invention and preferred methods for utilizing the novel chromogenic materials, in combination with other EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of 2-acetamido- 6'-diethylaminofluoran 2"amino-6-diethylaminofluoran, a starting material in the reaction of this example, is prepared as follows: 2.2 parts, by weight, of 2-carboxy-4'-diethylamino-2'-hydroxybenzophenone, 1 part by weight, of pnitrophenol, and 40 parts, by weight, of 90 percent, by weight, sulfuric acid are heated together for about 1 hour at 150 C. The mixture is then poured onto about 225 parts, by weight, of ice and made alkaline to a pH of about b by addition of dilute ammonium hydroxide. The alkaline system is extracted by benzene and the benzene is washed with 10 percent, by weight, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and then with water. The washed benzene extract is then evaporated to dryness and the residue is chromatographically purified over alumina and then recrystallized from benzene-petroleum ether. The purified product is reduced with stannous chloride solution to yield 2- amino-6'-diethylaminofluoran having a melting point of about 2 l4 C.
To obtain the title compound of this example: 1.0 gram of the above-prepared 2'amino-6'diethylaminofluoran was refluxed with 10 milliliters of acetic anhydride for about l minutes and the mixture was then poured into 50 milliliters of water. The pH of the aqueous system was raised to above 8 by addition of ammonium hydroxide and the system was then extracted with benzene. The benzene extract was washed with water and was concentrated to about 10 milliliters by evaporation. Slightly more than 1 gram of the reaction product was precipitated from the concentrated extract by adding petroleum ether. A benzene solution of the reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 6'-diethylamino-2'-(phenylacetamido Efluoran A mixture of 0.4 grams of 2'-amino-6'-diethylaminofluoran (preparation described in example 1, above), 0.3 grams of phenylacetyl chloride, 50 milliliters of benzene and milliliters of 10 percent, by weight, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was stirred together for about 1 hour. A few drops of concentrated ammonium hydroxide and 100 milliliters of benzene were thoroughly agitated with the above and the benzene layer was separated. The benzene layer was washed with 10 percent, by weight, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, then with water, then was concentrated to about 50 milliliters by evaporation. The concentrated benzene extract was chromatographically purified over alumina. A benzene solution of the purified reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 6 '-diethylamino-2 p-toluenesulfonamido)fluoran A mixture of 0.4 grams of 2amino'6-diethylaminofluoran (preparation described in example 1, above) 0.2 grams of ptoluenesulfonyl chloride, and 5 milliliters of pyridine was refluxed for 15 minutes and then poured into 100 milliliters of water. The system was then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to a pH of about 4 to precipitate the reaction product. The precipitate was extracted with 100 milliliters of benzene and the benzene extract, after a water wash, was concentrated to about 50 milliliters by evaporation. The concentrated extract was treated in an alumina-packed chromatography column to obtain a purified product. A benzene solution of the purified product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of 2'-acetamido-6'-diethylamino-3methylfluoran The reaction of this example was conducted according to the same procedure as that described in example 1, above,
with the exception that 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol was substituted for p-nitrophenol in preparation of the fluoran starting materials. The fluoran starting material of this example is 2- amino-6'-diethylamino-3'-methylfluoran. A benzene solution of the reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of 6"diethylamino-3'-methyl-2'-(p-toluenesulfonamido)fluoran This compound was prepared, purified. and isolated using the procedures and materials of example 3. above, except that 2'-amino-6-diethylamino-3'-methylfluoran was substituted for the 2-amino-6'diethylaminofluoran of example 3. Preparation of 2'-amino-6'-diethylamino-3-methylfluoran as a starting fluoran material is discussed in example 4, above. A--
benzene solution of the purified reaction product of this example imparted to red color to paper coated with kaolin and phenolic polymer.
EXAMPLE 6 rified over activated silica using milliliters of a one-to-one,
by volume ratio of benzene and diethyl ether as the eluant. The products, recovered from the eluate and recrystallized from benzene-petroleum ether, exhibited a melting point of l 34-l35 C.
A benzene solution of the purified reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of 6'-diethylamino-2-(2-naphthalenesulfonamido)fluoran The reaction of this example was conducted according to the same procedure as that described in example 6, above, with the exception that 2-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride was substituted for the 4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride of 4example. The purified product exhibited a melting point of l5l-l53 C.
A benzene solution of the purified reaction product imparted a red color to p paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of 6'-diethylamino-2-( 8-quinolinesulfonamido)fluoran The reaction of this example was conducted according to the same procedure as that described in example 6, above, with the exception that 8-quinolinesulfonyl chloride was substituted for the 4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride of that example. The purified product exhibited a melting point of 255-256 C.
A benzene solution of the purified reaction product imparted a red color to paper coated with a mixture of kaolin and phenolic polymer.
What is claimed is:
l. A chromogenic compound having the structural formula R, represents a chemical radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having less than five carbon atoms.
2. The chromogenic compound of claim 1 wherein R is hydrogen, R, is phenylaeetamido, and R, is ethyl; said com pound being 6'-diethylamino-2-(phenylacetamido)fluoran.
3. The chromogenic compound of claim 1 wherein R is hydrogen, R is p-toluenesulfonamido and R, is ethyl; said compound being 6-diethylamino-2'(p-toluenesulfonamido)fluoran.
4. The chromogenic compound of claim 1 wherein R is methyl, Rt is p-toluenesulfonamido and R, is ethyl; said compound being 6'-diethylamino-3'-methyl-2-(p toluenesul fonamido)tluoran.
5. The chromogenlc compound of of claim 1 wherein R is hydrogen, R is p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido, and R, is ethyl; said compound being the 6'-diethylamino-2-(pnitrobenzenesulfonamido)fluoran.
6. The chromogenic compound of claim 1 wherein R is methyl, R, is p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido, and R, is ethyl; said compound being I 6'-diethylamino-3-methyl-2'-(pnitrobenzenesulfonamido)fluoran.
l I! t t i

Claims (5)

  1. 2. The chromogenic compound of claim 1 wherein R is hydrogen, R1 is phenylacetamido, and R2 is ethyl; said compound being 6''-diethylamino-2''-(phenylacetamido)fluoran.
  2. 3. The chromogenic compound of claim 1 wherein R is hydrogen, R1 is p-toluenesulfonamido and R2 is ethyl; said compound being 6'' -diethylamino-2'' -(p-toluenesulfanamido)fluoran.
  3. 4. The chromogenic compound of claim 1 wherein R is methyl, R1 is p-toluenesulfonamido and R2 is ethyl; said compound being 6''-diethylamino-3''-methyl-2-(p-toluenesulfonamido)fluoran.
  4. 5. The chromogenic compound of of claim 1 wherein R is hydrogen, R1 is p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido, and R2 is ethyl; said compound being the 6''-diethylamino-2''-(p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido)fluoran.
  5. 6. The chromogenic compound of claim 1 wherein R is methyl, R1 is p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido, and R2 is ethyl; said compound being 6''-diethylamino-3''-methyl-2''-(p-nitrobenzenesulfonamido)fluoran.
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US792325*A Expired - Lifetime US3637757A (en) 1969-01-21 1969-01-21 Diethylamino fluorans
US00792324A Expired - Lifetime US3769302A (en) 1969-01-21 1969-01-21 Aliphatic amino-substituted flourans
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US792325*A Expired - Lifetime US3637757A (en) 1969-01-21 1969-01-21 Diethylamino fluorans
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US3713863A (en) 1973-01-30
DE2065643A1 (en) 1974-11-14
DE2065643B2 (en) 1977-03-31
FR2028785A1 (en) 1970-10-16
US3637757A (en) 1972-01-25
US3641011A (en) 1972-02-08
GB1269601A (en) 1972-04-06
US3769302A (en) 1973-10-30
CH567077A5 (en) 1975-09-30
US3624107A (en) 1971-11-30
DE2001864B2 (en) 1977-05-26
BE744705A (en) 1970-07-01
DE2001864A1 (en) 1970-07-30

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