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US3623872A - Stabilisation of developed photographic images - Google Patents

Stabilisation of developed photographic images Download PDF

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Publication number
US3623872A
US3623872A US33115A US3623872DA US3623872A US 3623872 A US3623872 A US 3623872A US 33115 A US33115 A US 33115A US 3623872D A US3623872D A US 3623872DA US 3623872 A US3623872 A US 3623872A
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United States
Prior art keywords
silver
compounds
development
stabilisation
developed photographic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US33115A
Inventor
Werner Berthold
Anita Von Konig
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Agfa Gevaert AG
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Agfa Gevaert AG
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/29Development processes or agents therefor
    • G03C5/305Additives other than developers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/43Processing agents or their precursors, not covered by groups G03C1/07 - G03C1/42
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/38Fixing; Developing-fixing; Hardening-fixing
    • G03C5/39Stabilising, i.e. fixing without washing out
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/164Rapid access processing

Definitions

  • Exposed and developed photographic silver images can be stabilised by treating the layer containing the exposed image with a compound which reacts with the silver halide in the unexposed and undeveloped areas of the layer to form a light-insensitive reaction product. Fading of the silver images thus produced is prevented by performing the development in the presence of heterocyclic carboxylalkyl mercapto compounds.
  • the invention relates to a process for the production of photographic images by exposure, development and subsequent stabilisation, development being carried out in the presence of heterocyclic carboxyalkyl mercapto compounds which improve the stability of the silver image even after prolonged storage under extreme climatic conditions.
  • Fading of the black image area can be prevented by adding to the stabilising bath heterocyclic mercapto compounds such as 1-phenyl-S-mercaptotetrazole.
  • heterocyclic mercapto compounds such as 1-phenyl-S-mercaptotetrazole.
  • the usual compounds of this type are only sparingly soluble in the acid stabiliser solutions so that it is difiicult to apply a sufiicient quantity of these compounds. They cannot be added in the required quantity to the emulsions because of their development inhibiting effect.
  • Fading of the black image areas can also be prevented by adding to the emulsion compounds which only decompose in alkaline solution to yield a mercapto compound.
  • Such compounds cannot be added to the emulsion in sufiicient quantities to improve satisfactorily the keeping quality of the stabilised image on prolonged storage under extreme climatic conditions.
  • n 1 to 3.
  • conventional light-sensitive photographic materials having at least one silver halide emulsion layer are suitable.
  • the light-sensitive emulsions may contain any silver halides, such as silver chloride or silver bromide, if desired with a small proportion of silver iodide. Emulsions which have a high silver chloride content are preferred.
  • the binders for the light-sensitive layers may be the usual water-permeable layer-forming substances, particularly proteins, preferably gelatine.
  • the emulsions may contain alkylene oxide polymerisation products as chemical sensitizers. They may also contain the known stabilizers.
  • the emulsions may contain developers or developer combinations of the type hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, aminophenol, compounds of the pyrazolidone series, phenylene diamine derivatives and the like, antioxidants for the developer, e.g. potassium metalbisulfite, aldehyde and ketone bisulfite, matting agents and brightening agents.
  • developers or developer combinations of the type hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, aminophenol, compounds of the pyrazolidone series, phenylene diamine derivatives and the like antioxidants for the developer, e.g. potassium metalbisulfite, aldehyde and ketone bisulfite, matting agents and brightening agents.
  • development is carried out in the usual manner, using known developers.
  • the developer is added to the photographic material and development is initiated by treatment with an alkaline aqueous bath, hereinafter referred to as an activator bath.
  • the concentration of the compounds for use according to the invention in the development bath may vary within wide limits. The concentration depends upon the photographic material used and the nature of the developer. The optimum concentrations for a particular reproduction process can be determined by a few simple laboratory tests. Amounts of 0.5 to 10 g. per liter of treatment bath, preferably 1 to 5 g. per liter, have generally been found to be sufficient.
  • Suitable stabilising agents i.e. compounds which are capable of converting the silver halide remaining after development into a compound which is not sensitive to light, have been described e.g. in British Patents Nos. 631,184 or 959,807 and in U.S. Patent No. 2,525,532 or French Patent No. 1,237,454.
  • Ammonium thiocyanate, and alkali metal thiocyanates, e.g. sodium or potassium thiocyanate, have been found to be particularly suitable.
  • These stabilising baths may also contain the usual other additives such as alkali metal sulfites or metabisulfites or cycloalkanone bisulfites, acetic acid or its salts and organic compounds, particularly additional heterocyclic compounds which contain mercapto groups, such as l-phenyl- S-mercaptotetrazole, which form sparingly soluble silver salts.
  • additives such as alkali metal sulfites or metabisulfites or cycloalkanone bisulfites, acetic acid or its salts and organic compounds, particularly additional heterocyclic compounds which contain mercapto groups, such as l-phenyl- S-mercaptotetrazole, which form sparingly soluble silver salts.
  • a light-sensitive photographic material comprising a supported silver chloride gelatin emulsion layer which emulsion layer contains 0.2 mol of silver halide with a silver iodide content of less than 0.1 mol percent of silver iodide per kg. of emulsion (amount of silver in the form of silver halide 1.3 g./m. and hydroquinone (12 g. of hydroquinone per kg. of emulsion) is exposed to form an image and developed in the following activator solution:
  • the samples are processed in a two-bath development apparatus customarily employed.
  • the treatment time is about 1 t 5 seconds in the activator bath and about 2 to seconds in the stabilising bath.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

EXPOSED AND DEVELOPED PHOTOGRAPHIC SILVER IMAGES CAN BE STABILISED BY TREATING THE LAYER CONTAINING THE EXPOSED IMAGE WITH A COMPOUND WHICH REACTS WITHTHE SILVER HALIDE IN THE UNEXPOSED AND UNDEVELOPED AREAS OF THE LAYER TO FORM A LIGHT-INSENSITIVE REATION PRODUCT. FADING OF THE SILVER IMAGES THUS PRODUCED IS PREVENTED BY PERFORMING THE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXYLYALKYL MERCAPTO COMPOUNDS.

Description

United States Patent *Olfice 3,623,872 Patented Nov. 30, 1971 US. C]. 96-61 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Exposed and developed photographic silver images can be stabilised by treating the layer containing the exposed image with a compound which reacts with the silver halide in the unexposed and undeveloped areas of the layer to form a light-insensitive reaction product. Fading of the silver images thus produced is prevented by performing the development in the presence of heterocyclic carboxylalkyl mercapto compounds.
Stabilisation of developed photographic images The invention relates to a process for the production of photographic images by exposure, development and subsequent stabilisation, development being carried out in the presence of heterocyclic carboxyalkyl mercapto compounds which improve the stability of the silver image even after prolonged storage under extreme climatic conditions.
It is known to stabilise developed photographic images with complex forming compounds in rapid photographic reproduction processes as a substitute for conventional fixing with sodium thiosulfate followed by washing. In contrast to the method of fixing with sodium thiosulfate, in these stabilizing processes the silver salts remain in the unexposed and undeveloped parts of the layer in the form of a light-insensitive reaction product of the stabilising compound with the original silver halides. Stabilization of developed photographic materials has, however, certain disadvantages. One disadvantage is that nearly all substances which form complexes with silver halides attack metallic silver and hence the photographic image, converting the silver into a complex compound or simple silver salt. This leads to fading of the silver image or to a change in the color of the image silver from black to a. brownish tone. This undesired elfect occurs particularly in a moist atmosphere.
Fading of the black image area can be prevented by adding to the stabilising bath heterocyclic mercapto compounds such as 1-phenyl-S-mercaptotetrazole. However, the usual compounds of this type are only sparingly soluble in the acid stabiliser solutions so that it is difiicult to apply a sufiicient quantity of these compounds. They cannot be added in the required quantity to the emulsions because of their development inhibiting effect.
Fading of the black image areas can also be prevented by adding to the emulsion compounds which only decompose in alkaline solution to yield a mercapto compound. Such compounds, however, cannot be added to the emulsion in sufiicient quantities to improve satisfactorily the keeping quality of the stabilised image on prolonged storage under extreme climatic conditions.
It is among the objects of the present invention to provide compounds which do not show the disadvantages referred to above, and which are stabilising black silver images particularly upon prolonged storage under extreme climatic conditions.
We now have found a process for the production of photographic images including the steps of exposing a supported silver halide emulsion layer, developing and stabilising the exposed and developed layer wherein development is carried out with a bath which contains at least one heterocyclic compound of the following formulae:
wherein n is 1 to 3.
Suitable compounds are summarized in the following table:
The preparation of these compounds is described in US. Patent No. 3,330,663.
For operating the process according to the invention, conventional light-sensitive photographic materials having at least one silver halide emulsion layer are suitable. The light-sensitive emulsions may contain any silver halides, such as silver chloride or silver bromide, if desired with a small proportion of silver iodide. Emulsions which have a high silver chloride content are preferred.
The binders for the light-sensitive layers may be the usual water-permeable layer-forming substances, particularly proteins, preferably gelatine.
Furthermore, the emulsions may contain alkylene oxide polymerisation products as chemical sensitizers. They may also contain the known stabilizers.
In addition, the emulsions may contain developers or developer combinations of the type hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, aminophenol, compounds of the pyrazolidone series, phenylene diamine derivatives and the like, antioxidants for the developer, e.g. potassium metalbisulfite, aldehyde and ketone bisulfite, matting agents and brightening agents.
Development is carried out in the usual manner, using known developers. According to a preferred method of carrying out the invention, the developer is added to the photographic material and development is initiated by treatment with an alkaline aqueous bath, hereinafter referred to as an activator bath.
The concentration of the compounds for use according to the invention in the development bath may vary within wide limits. The concentration depends upon the photographic material used and the nature of the developer. The optimum concentrations for a particular reproduction process can be determined by a few simple laboratory tests. Amounts of 0.5 to 10 g. per liter of treatment bath, preferably 1 to 5 g. per liter, have generally been found to be sufficient.
Suitable stabilising agents, i.e. compounds which are capable of converting the silver halide remaining after development into a compound which is not sensitive to light, have been described e.g. in British Patents Nos. 631,184 or 959,807 and in U.S. Patent No. 2,525,532 or French Patent No. 1,237,454. Ammonium thiocyanate, and alkali metal thiocyanates, e.g. sodium or potassium thiocyanate, have been found to be particularly suitable.
These stabilising baths may also contain the usual other additives such as alkali metal sulfites or metabisulfites or cycloalkanone bisulfites, acetic acid or its salts and organic compounds, particularly additional heterocyclic compounds which contain mercapto groups, such as l-phenyl- S-mercaptotetrazole, which form sparingly soluble silver salts.
3 EXAMPLE 1 A light-sensitive photographic material comprising a supported silver chloride gelatin emulsion layer which emulsion layer contains 0.2 mol of silver halide with a silver iodide content of less than 0.1 mol percent of silver iodide per kg. of emulsion (amount of silver in the form of silver halide 1.3 g./m. and hydroquinone (12 g. of hydroquinone per kg. of emulsion) is exposed to form an image and developed in the following activator solution:
50 g. of sodium hydroxide 40 g. of anhydrous sodium sulfite 2 g. of potassium bromide 1 g. of 1-phenylpyrazolidone-(3) made up to 1 liter with water.
The compounds shown in the following table are added to the above activator solution. The quantities added are shown in the table.
The developed material is then treated with the following stabilising solution:
250 g. of ammonium thiocyanate 145 g. of potassium metabisulfite 100 ml. of a 3% aqueous solution of formaldehyde 25 ml. of 60% acetic acid,
made up to 1 liter with water.
The samples are processed in a two-bath development apparatus customarily employed. The treatment time is about 1 t 5 seconds in the activator bath and about 2 to seconds in the stabilising bath.
To test the stability in storage of the silver image, a portion of the copy is kept over water in a vessel for 24 hours.
Several of these uniformly moist portions of the copy are inserted into a polyethylene container and this container is placed in a bag containing 30 ml. of water and sealed. The sealed containers are stored in a heating cupboard at 60 C. for 5, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and the change of the silver image which has taken place after this time is examined.
Whereas the silver image of the copies produced according to the invention remains black or dark brown to black depending on the time of storage, under the above condition the comparison sample shows discoloration varying from brown to pale brown. The maximum density of .4 the various fresh, air-dried materials and those which have been stored in moist heat is measured in a densitometer. The following results are obtained:
TABLE Maximum density after storage Concenin moist heat for- Compound added tration, Air N o. g./l. dried 5 hours 24 hours 48 hours We claim:
1. A process for the production of photographic images by exposure of a photographic material which has at least one silver halide emulsion layer, development and stabilisation of the unexposed and undeveloped silver halide, wherein development is performed with a bath containing at least one compound of the following formula or salts thereof:
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,330,663 7/1967 Weyde 96-114.3
NORMAN G. TORCHIN, Primary Examiner M. F. KELLEY, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 96-66, 95
US33115A 1969-04-29 1970-04-16 Stabilisation of developed photographic images Expired - Lifetime US3623872A (en)

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DE19691921740 DE1921740A1 (en) 1969-04-29 1969-04-29 Stabilization of developed photographic images

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DE (1) DE1921740A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2040413A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1249277A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3981731A (en) * 1974-11-09 1976-09-21 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Stabilization of developed photographic images
US4371610A (en) * 1980-07-24 1983-02-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for development-processing silver halide light-sensitive material
DE3525900A1 (en) * 1984-07-19 1986-01-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa METHOD FOR DEVELOPING PHOTOGRAPHIC COLOR REVERSING MATERIALS

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4093462A (en) * 1976-11-11 1978-06-06 Eastman Kodak Company 2,5-Bis(secondary amino) oxa- and thiadiazole photographic developing agents
US5004669A (en) * 1988-10-31 1991-04-02 Konica Corporation Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3981731A (en) * 1974-11-09 1976-09-21 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Stabilization of developed photographic images
US4371610A (en) * 1980-07-24 1983-02-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for development-processing silver halide light-sensitive material
DE3525900A1 (en) * 1984-07-19 1986-01-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa METHOD FOR DEVELOPING PHOTOGRAPHIC COLOR REVERSING MATERIALS
US4675274A (en) * 1984-07-19 1987-06-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for developing color reversal photographic materials
DE3525900B4 (en) * 1984-07-19 2005-12-29 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara A method of processing an imagewise exposed color reversal silver halide photographic material

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DE1921740A1 (en) 1970-11-12
BE748628A (en) 1970-10-08
FR2040413A1 (en) 1971-01-22
GB1249277A (en) 1971-10-13

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