US3665598A - Method of making a heating body - Google Patents
Method of making a heating body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3665598A US3665598A US99048A US3665598DA US3665598A US 3665598 A US3665598 A US 3665598A US 99048 A US99048 A US 99048A US 3665598D A US3665598D A US 3665598DA US 3665598 A US3665598 A US 3665598A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- heating body
- stainless steel
- liner
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0054—Cables with incorporated electric resistances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49083—Heater type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2916—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including boron or compound thereof [not as steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2958—Metal or metal compound in coating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heating body, consisting of an electrical resistance element containing a conductor resistance surrounded by an electrical insulating layer, which insulating layer has a metal outer layer placed around it for delivery of the heat produced, in which below working temperature there is a contraction joint between the metal outer jacket and the insulating layer, while in addition, at room temperature, there is a contraction joint between the conductor resistance and the insulating layer.
- Heating bodies of this kind still show in present practice the drawback that for numerous applications the heat-loading capacity as expressed in watts/cm is not sufficiently high.
- a high heat-load viz. a heat-load of the order of about 500 watts/cm, at a wall temperature of about 600-960" C.
- the heating body is executed in such a form of construction that its insulating layer is made of boron nitride, in which construction both the conductor resistance and the metal outer layer are made of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or their alloys.
- Beryllium oxide may also be used to advantage as electrical insulating material instead of boron nitride.
- the loading level may be increased.
- the contraction joint mentioned can most effectively be obtained by making a heating body according to the specified embodiments in such a way as to start with a tube of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or alloys of these materials, after which this tube is rigidly shrunk around a cylinder of the electrical insulating material used, consisting of boron nitride or beryllium oxide.
- this cylinder is a solid one, a contraction joint of this kind with a rigid contraction fit at about 250 C. can be executed without the risk that the boron nitride or beryllium oxide might show dislocations.
- the central part of the cylinder of the electrical insulating material used is removed by drilling, so that afterwards a cylindrical jacket of the said electrical insulating material is obtained which, by means of a contraction joint, is surrounded by a cylindrical jacket of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or their alloys.
- this assembly of coaxial cylindrical jackets is shrunk at a temperature of 100 C. with a light contraction fit around a resistance conductor likewise composed of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or an alloy thereof.
- the heating bodymade in this way proves capable of delivering a very high heat-flux, resulting in a heat-load up to about 500 watts/cm at a wall temperature roundabout 600C. --96() C.
- liquid metals such as sodium, potassium, lithium or their alloys can be heated in a very suitable manner.
- this heating body lends itself for heat-transmission experiment, with cooling by liquid sodium, to be carried out in a nuclear reactor or in an installation provided outside a nuclear reactor for simulation of the latter. This is due to the fact that the metal outer jacket of austenitic stainless steel, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or their alloys is not in any way adversely attacked by the liquid metals.
- the heating bodies according to the invention will have an external diameter of the order of about 6 mm or somewhat more. With this diameter it is possible to obtain a length of such a heating body of about 500 mm.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are transverse sectional views of two different heating bodies constructed according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view of a third heating body which include a thermo-electric element.
- Item 1 in FIG. 1 denotes the central resistance conductor, 2 is the insulating layer surrounding it and 3 the outer jacket, made of austenitic stainless steel, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or an alloy of these materials.
- FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 only in so far as the central resistance conductor l likewise possesses the form of a cylindrical jacket inside which a cylinder 4 is placed, in which other components (not illustrated) may possibly be included. There may, for instance, be channels in it for electrical conductors or for a fluid. Cylinder 4 may be made of a material having qualities suitable for this purpose.
- FIG. 3 gives a construction which enters into account for the insertion of thermo-electric elements in the wall of the type of heating element described.
- Thermo-electric elements of this particular kind may perform an important function, for instance, in heat-transmission experiments and in fissile lattice testing of nuclear reactors operating with liquid metals, when it is necessary to possess data regarding the wall temperature.
- thermo-electric element 5 The range of temperatures in which this occurs is usually of the order of 600C to 900 C. According to a method used up to the present the thermo-electric element 5 was fixed in a groove 8 in the wall of the jacket 3, after which the remaining space was filled with soldering material.
- soldering material A suitable soldering material is found on the market under the name of "Coast Metal 52.” This soldering material contains 4.5 percent of silicon, which has a fusion-point lowering effect.
- the soldering temperature is l ,025 C.
- the covering of such therrno-electric elements usually consists of a stainless steel or inconel jacket with a wall thickness of the order of approximately 0.03 mm. Now it has been found that during the soldering process the jacket of the thermoelectric element has a tendency to pass into solution because of the silicon that is present. According to a further embodiment of the invention an additional tube 6 surrounding the thermo-electric element 5 is provided for the protection of this thin-walled jacket. in this way the risk of breakage of the thermo-electric element is reduced to a minimum.
- the materials which enter into account for making the tube 6 are: stainless steel, nickel, chromium and tantalum or an alloy of these materials.
- a method of making a heating body comprising providing a tube made of a material selected from the group consisting of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium. vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or an alloy of these substances with another material or with each other, rigidly shrinking the tube around a solid cylinder of electrical insulating material so as to be in tight contact therewith, subsequently removing the central part of this cylinder by drilling to form a tubular assembly and shrinking the assembly obtained in this way around a conductor resistance so as to be in tight contact therewith, said conductor resistance being made of a material selected from the group consisting of austenitic stainless steel. molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or alloys of these materials.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Electrical resistance heating conductor, surrounded by an electric insulating cylindric layer of borium nitride or beryllium oxide, coated off by outward heat dissipating liner. Between conductor, intermediate layer and outward liner are at all times shrinking fits sustained. Conductor and liner consist of austanitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or its alloys.
Description
United States Patent 1 51 3,665,598
Brieko 1 May 30, 1972 54] METHOD OF MAKING A HEATING 3,121,154 2 1964 Menzies et al. .219/552 )4 BODY 3,356,834 l2/l967 Mekjean 3,492,463 1/1970 De Wringer et a]. ..219/553 Inventofl Melndefl Wlllem Brick", p 3,513,539 5/1970 Davis ..29/61 1 brockslraat schasen, Netherlands 3,5 14.850 6/ 1 970 Barber et a]. ..29/599 [22] Filed: Dec. 17, 1970 Primary Lxammer-Vulodymyr Y. Mayewsky [21] Appl. No.: 99,048 AuorneyCushman. Darby & Cushman 521 11.5. c1 ..29/611, 99/195, 2 19/552, [571 ABSTRACT 338/243, 2l9/5 34 Electrical resistance heating conductor, surrounded by an [51] Int. Cl. ..HOlv ll/00 electric insulating cylindric layer of borium nitride or berylli- [58] Field of Search ..2 l 9/553, 534, 548, 552, 553; um oxide, coated olT by outward heat dissipating liner.
Between conductor, 1ntermed1ate layer and outward l1ner are at all times shrinking fits sustained. Conductor and liner con- [56] Rderences Cited sist of austanitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromi- UNITED STATES PATENTS um, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or its alloys.
2,001 ,848 5/1935 Nyquist v.29/[95 l Claim, 3 Drawing Figures PATENTEDHM 30 I972 3. 665, 598
IN V E N TOR M'l/VDEZT Mamie/sea ATTORNEYS METHOD OF MAKING A HEATING BODY The invention relates to a heating body, consisting of an electrical resistance element containing a conductor resistance surrounded by an electrical insulating layer, which insulating layer has a metal outer layer placed around it for delivery of the heat produced, in which below working temperature there is a contraction joint between the metal outer jacket and the insulating layer, while in addition, at room temperature, there is a contraction joint between the conductor resistance and the insulating layer.
Heating bodies of this kind, however, still show in present practice the drawback that for numerous applications the heat-loading capacity as expressed in watts/cm is not sufficiently high. According to the invention it is possible to attain a high heat-load, viz. a heat-load of the order of about 500 watts/cm, at a wall temperature of about 600-960" C., in that the heating body is executed in such a form of construction that its insulating layer is made of boron nitride, in which construction both the conductor resistance and the metal outer layer are made of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or their alloys. Beryllium oxide may also be used to advantage as electrical insulating material instead of boron nitride.
It is highly advantageous for this purpose that even at working temperature there is still a contraction joint and hence a surface pressure between the outer jacket and the insulating layer. This surface pressure is very important during the working temperature, as it is only by such pressure that delivery of the heat produced is ensured. This pressure, in conjunction with the close fit of the contraction joint, furthermore ensures that the output geometry of the heating body is maintained.
This is important, because in this way local cavities, often formed as a result of deficient contacting, or a non-symmetrical geometry created by the swaging process to which the ele ment was subjected, can be prevented. Such non-symmetries and local cavities may in practice give rise to hot spots which adversely affect the loading level.
As there is also a contraction joint between the conductor resistance and the insulating layer placed around it, viz. a contraction joint which already exists at room temperature, the loading level may be increased.
This is, however, subject to the condition that even when cold there must be close contact between the conductor resistance and the insulating layer. It is therefore expedient to bring about a light contraction joint between the conductor resistance and the insulating material.
The contraction joint mentioned can most effectively be obtained by making a heating body according to the specified embodiments in such a way as to start with a tube of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or alloys of these materials, after which this tube is rigidly shrunk around a cylinder of the electrical insulating material used, consisting of boron nitride or beryllium oxide. As this cylinder is a solid one, a contraction joint of this kind with a rigid contraction fit at about 250 C. can be executed without the risk that the boron nitride or beryllium oxide might show dislocations.
After subsequently cooling of the assembly described, the central part of the cylinder of the electrical insulating material used is removed by drilling, so that afterwards a cylindrical jacket of the said electrical insulating material is obtained which, by means of a contraction joint, is surrounded by a cylindrical jacket of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or their alloys.
Next, after the inner side of the cylindrical jacket of the electrical insulating material used has been finished in a precise manner, this assembly of coaxial cylindrical jackets is shrunk at a temperature of 100 C. with a light contraction fit around a resistance conductor likewise composed of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or an alloy thereof.
in this connection it should be noted that the high-loaded electrical heating elements known so far have at times failed in practice. This was generally caused by the fact that either local cavities were formed as a result of differences in thermal expansion or by chemical reactions, or because the thickness of the insulating layer was generally not uniform, or because the insulating material was not homogeneous in its characteristics. By applying the above-described method in the production of a heating body according to the invention, the drawbacks attaching to the heating elements known so far are surmounted, since production starts with a cylindrical tube, made of full material, of the electrical insulating material used. In addition there is the advantage arising from the possibility of obtaining the desired necessary surface pressures by a correct choice of the contraction dimension, to be efi'ected with high precision.
The heating bodymade in this way proves capable of delivering a very high heat-flux, resulting in a heat-load up to about 500 watts/cm at a wall temperature roundabout 600C. --96() C.
By means of the heating body, liquid metals such as sodium, potassium, lithium or their alloys can be heated in a very suitable manner.
in particular, this heating body lends itself for heat-transmission experiment, with cooling by liquid sodium, to be carried out in a nuclear reactor or in an installation provided outside a nuclear reactor for simulation of the latter. This is due to the fact that the metal outer jacket of austenitic stainless steel, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or their alloys is not in any way adversely attacked by the liquid metals.
in many cases the heating bodies according to the invention will have an external diameter of the order of about 6 mm or somewhat more. With this diameter it is possible to obtain a length of such a heating body of about 500 mm.
In the accompanying drawings,
FIGS. 1 and 2 are transverse sectional views of two different heating bodies constructed according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view of a third heating body which include a thermo-electric element.
In the accompanying figures, sections have been made over such a heating body.
The embodiment of FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 only in so far as the central resistance conductor l likewise possesses the form of a cylindrical jacket inside which a cylinder 4 is placed, in which other components (not illustrated) may possibly be included. There may, for instance, be channels in it for electrical conductors or for a fluid. Cylinder 4 may be made of a material having qualities suitable for this purpose.
FIG. 3 gives a construction which enters into account for the insertion of thermo-electric elements in the wall of the type of heating element described.
Thermo-electric elements of this particular kind may perform an important function, for instance, in heat-transmission experiments and in fissile lattice testing of nuclear reactors operating with liquid metals, when it is necessary to possess data regarding the wall temperature.
The range of temperatures in which this occurs is usually of the order of 600C to 900 C. According to a method used up to the present the thermo-electric element 5 was fixed in a groove 8 in the wall of the jacket 3, after which the remaining space was filled with soldering material. A suitable soldering material is found on the market under the name of "Coast Metal 52." This soldering material contains 4.5 percent of silicon, which has a fusion-point lowering effect. The soldering temperature is l ,025 C.
The covering of such therrno-electric elements usually consists of a stainless steel or inconel jacket with a wall thickness of the order of approximately 0.03 mm. Now it has been found that during the soldering process the jacket of the thermoelectric element has a tendency to pass into solution because of the silicon that is present. According to a further embodiment of the invention an additional tube 6 surrounding the thermo-electric element 5 is provided for the protection of this thin-walled jacket. in this way the risk of breakage of the thermo-electric element is reduced to a minimum.
The materials which enter into account for making the tube 6 are: stainless steel, nickel, chromium and tantalum or an alloy of these materials.
1 claim:
1. A method of making a heating body comprising providing a tube made of a material selected from the group consisting of austenitic stainless steel, molybdenum, nickel, chromium. vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or an alloy of these substances with another material or with each other, rigidly shrinking the tube around a solid cylinder of electrical insulating material so as to be in tight contact therewith, subsequently removing the central part of this cylinder by drilling to form a tubular assembly and shrinking the assembly obtained in this way around a conductor resistance so as to be in tight contact therewith, said conductor resistance being made of a material selected from the group consisting of austenitic stainless steel. molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium, rhenium, tungsten or alloys of these materials.
I! I III 1' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 ,665 598 Dated 30 1972 Meindcrt Willem Brieko Tnventor(s) It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
On the cover sheet insert I30] Foreign Application Priority Data Netherlands 69/18891 Dec 17, 1979 Signed and sealed this 17th day of September 1974.
(SML) Attest:
McCOY M. GIBSON JR. C. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM PO-105O HO-SQ)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9904870A | 1970-12-17 | 1970-12-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3665598A true US3665598A (en) | 1972-05-30 |
Family
ID=22272306
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US99048A Expired - Lifetime US3665598A (en) | 1970-12-17 | 1970-12-17 | Method of making a heating body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3665598A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3953923A (en) * | 1974-12-09 | 1976-05-04 | Lake Center Industries | Method of making heating device for liquids |
| US4031611A (en) * | 1974-08-16 | 1977-06-28 | Thermon Manufacturing Company | Method of making preinsulated pipe assembly |
| US4349727A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1982-09-14 | Southport Enterprises, Inc. | Heater unit |
| EP0083760A3 (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1985-08-28 | Jobst Ulrich Gellert | Injection molding manifold member and method of manufacture |
| EP1006320A3 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2002-09-11 | SiCeram GmbH | Electral instantaneous heater and method for making same |
| US20030010773A1 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-16 | Andreas Fritz | Areal electric conductor comprising a constriction |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2001848A (en) * | 1932-10-03 | 1935-05-21 | August R Nyquist | Electrode for arc welding |
| US3121154A (en) * | 1959-10-30 | 1964-02-11 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Electric heaters |
| US3356834A (en) * | 1964-05-11 | 1967-12-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Process and apparatus for storing heat |
| US3492463A (en) * | 1966-10-20 | 1970-01-27 | Reactor Centrum Nederland | Electrical resistance heater |
| US3513539A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1970-05-26 | Davis D J Co Inc | Method of making a solder gun tip |
| US3514850A (en) * | 1967-09-28 | 1970-06-02 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Electrical conductors |
-
1970
- 1970-12-17 US US99048A patent/US3665598A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2001848A (en) * | 1932-10-03 | 1935-05-21 | August R Nyquist | Electrode for arc welding |
| US3121154A (en) * | 1959-10-30 | 1964-02-11 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Electric heaters |
| US3356834A (en) * | 1964-05-11 | 1967-12-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Process and apparatus for storing heat |
| US3513539A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1970-05-26 | Davis D J Co Inc | Method of making a solder gun tip |
| US3492463A (en) * | 1966-10-20 | 1970-01-27 | Reactor Centrum Nederland | Electrical resistance heater |
| US3514850A (en) * | 1967-09-28 | 1970-06-02 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Electrical conductors |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4349727A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1982-09-14 | Southport Enterprises, Inc. | Heater unit |
| US4031611A (en) * | 1974-08-16 | 1977-06-28 | Thermon Manufacturing Company | Method of making preinsulated pipe assembly |
| US3953923A (en) * | 1974-12-09 | 1976-05-04 | Lake Center Industries | Method of making heating device for liquids |
| EP0083760A3 (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1985-08-28 | Jobst Ulrich Gellert | Injection molding manifold member and method of manufacture |
| EP1006320A3 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2002-09-11 | SiCeram GmbH | Electral instantaneous heater and method for making same |
| US20030010773A1 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-16 | Andreas Fritz | Areal electric conductor comprising a constriction |
| US6872882B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2005-03-29 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Areal electric conductor comprising a constriction |
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