US3535838A - Concrete structures - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 27, 1970 A. F. HOFF 3,535,838

CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed Dec. 13, 1966 m ggf ADAM E HOFF United States Patent O 3,535,838 CONCRETE STRUCTURES Adam Frank Hoi, RO. Box 493, Baltimore, Md. 21203 Filed Dec. 13, 1966, Ser. No. 601,401

. Int. Cl. E04b 2/18, 5/48, 7/06 U.S. Cl. 52-94 6 Claims ABSTRACT or THE DISCLOSURE My invention pertains to concrete floor and ceiling panels, consisting of top and bottom at surfaces, with longitudinal voids in 'between said top and bottom surfaces, with a solid intervening layer in between said voids, with the panels having side wall extensions at their opposite corners, and being each of substantially half the thickness of the panels, and of inside top and bottom surfaces, with tongues extending downwardly from the inner top surfaces and corresponding grooves extending upwardly from the opposite top inner surfaces, with the tongues of one panel being adapted to telescope within the grooves of an adjacent panel, with the grooves being capable of holding a bond to hold the tongues within the grooves of joining each other panels.

My invention further pertains to top and bottom, and corner blocks to integrate the walls of a structure, with the blocks having vertical voids throughout the heights of the blocks, as each side of the blocks, with a solid area in between the voids, with the blocks having further longitudinal tongues on the bottom center solid areas and corresponding grooves on the top center solid areas of the block, with the end faces of the blocks having corresponding vertical tongues and correspondingly engaging grooves, with the grooves being adapted to contain a bonding material to fasten the tongues within the grooves, and so, integrating a Structure, with the blocks having further supports for roof ceiling and lioor structures.

Also, to provide troughs, and gutters, and spouts in the blocks, to drain off rain water, when assembled into a structure.

My invention pertains to concrete oor, ceiling, and roof panels to be used in structures.

Another object of the invention is to provide corner, and top, and bottom concrete blocks to integrate the walls of concrete structures.

The objects of the invention are accomplished by providing voids at each side of the blocks and panels, and to provide intervening solid areas in between the voids, with the outside and inside voids interconnecting independent of each other, thereby preventing outside moisture from extending into the inside voids, and so, excluding moisture and dampness on the inside of the structure.

The objects of the invention are further accomplished by providing longitudinal tongues substantially central on the bottom of the blocks and panels and correspondingly central grooves on the top faces of the blocks and panels, and of larger displacements than the tongues, and being adapted, by Ibonding means, to fasten the blocks and panels to each other in the construction of a structure.

Moreover, while in the case of blocks, the tongue and groove arrangements are further extended to the end faces of the blocks, in the case of the iioor and ceiling panels, oppositely connected Wall extensions are adapted 3,535,838 Patented Oct. 27, 1970 to overlap one extension over the other, with the downwardly depending tongues being adapted to telescope with- 1n the grooves of adjacent panels, with the bonding elements between the grooves and the tongues serving to fasten the panels to each other.

In case of roof panels, double tongue and groove seams may be provided, to prevent rain water from deteriorating the seams and leaking into the structure. Again, in corner blocks, openings may be provided within the blocks to permit rain water from the roof panels to empty itself downwardly into the ground.

The advantages of the invention are more fully evident from the following drawing and specification, wherein A b1FlkG. 1 illustrates a cross sectional View of an improved FIG. 2 illustrates a cross sectional view of two blocks joined together and the joint therebetween.

FIG. 3 illustrates a top cross sectional view of two blocks joining each other at their end faces.

FIG. 4 illustrates a side cross sectional view of a top end block, with a fastened thereto of a supporting block and roof panel.

FIG. 5 illustrates a top cross sectional view of a corner block, with joined blocks at each end.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cross sectional view of a bottom end of a wall and the underlying supporting block and iioor panel.

FIG. 7 illustrates a top plan View of a floor and ceiling panel.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cross sectional view of a oor and ceiling panel.

FIG. 9 illustrates a cross sectional view of two floor and ceiling panels joined together.

Referring to the drawing, 1 represents a concrete building block made of any of the conventional materials used in the industry. 2 represents vertical voids through the height of the block, with 3 representing an intervening solid area in between the voids, throughout the height and length of block.

y4 represents a longitudinal recess throughout the upper face of the center solid area, and which may further be reinforced as at 5 to afford extra strength at said recessed area. 4 represents an indicator to designate the proper amount of bonding element to fasten thereto of a corresponding longitudinally extending tongue at the bottom central area of the block, as 6, with the spacing 7 in between the groove and the tongue, serving to hold a bonding element to fasten one block to another, with 8 representing the bonding element. 9 represents the joining together of the end faces 10 and 11 of the blocks 12 and 13.

14- represents a roof panel having a void 15 and connecting voids 16 and 17, to interconnect with the voids 18 and 19 of a joining block 20, which further connects with the voids 21 and 22 of the block 23 of a wall structure 24, with 25 representing a terminal extension and serving to increase the support of the panel 14.

26 represents a floor block support having a terminal extension 27 to support a oor panel 28, with double voids 29 and 30 that connect with the voids 31 and 32 of the floor block 26. The tongue and groove bonding members 34 and 35 serve to connect and bond the bottom wall block 36 and the oor block 26.

37 represents a corner block, with joining thereto of the opposite wall blocks 38 and 39, with the tongue and groove bonding 40 and 41 being the same as shown in FIG. 3, and joining their end faces `42 and 43, and 44 and 45. 46 represent openings that serve as downspouts to dispose of rain water that would run off from the tapered top surface 47 of the roof panel 14 into the gutter 48 that extends upwardly from the terminal projection 49 of said wall end.

50 represents a floor and ceiling panel and roof panel, where its top 47 is inclined to permit the draining of rain water, and having flat top and bottom sides 51 and 52, when used as floor and ceiling panels, and when used as roof panels, as 53 in FIG. 4, may have suitable tapers 54 for rain water draining, with the panels having joining each other lateral wall extensions 55 and 56 and correspondingly joining each other, on the opposite sides, of lateral wall extensions 57 and 58. 59 represents tongues on the joining surface of the wall extensions 57 and 58, and 61 represents corresponding recesses on the joining surface of the extensions 55 and 56, with the tongues on the bottom top surfaces 60 being adapted to telescope within the grooves 61, by means of a bonding element 8, placed in between the tongues and the grooves, and so, bond the panels into an integrated unit floor, ceiling, or roof structure.

62 and 63 represent voids, with 64 representing an intervening solid area in between the voids, with the voids on the opposite sides being independently interconnected to each other, when assembled into a floor, ceiling, or roof, thereby preventing moisture and dampness from the outside voids to cross into the inner voids of the panels of a wall structure.

In the case of roof panelled structures, where outside atmospheric conditions tend to deteriorate the tongue on roof panels, to prevent the inner seals from deterioration.

I claim:

1. In a building structure comprising a side wall and roof panel in which the side wall is provided with inner and outer voids formed by inner and outer walls and an intermediate wall spaced therebetween and the roof panel includes upper and lower voids dened by upper and lower walls with an intermediate wall therebetween, a monolithic concrete top block comprising a bottom surface engaged with the upper surface of the building side wall, said top block including a pair of passages extending therethrough with the passages communicating with the voids of the side wall, the roof panel including an offset portion including an outwardly facing flange and a downwardly facing flange disposed above the side wall, said top block including a top surface engaging the downwardly facing flange on the roof panel and an inner surface engaging the outwardly facing flange on the roof panel, one of the passages in the top block communicating with the top surface thereof and the other passage communicating with the inner surface thereof, the upper void in said roof panel communicated with the downwardly facing flange and the lower void in said roof panel communicated with the outwardly facing flange thereof for communicating the voids in the side wall with the voids in the roof panel.

2. The top block as defined in claim 1 wherein the bottom surface of said top block includes a depending tongue extending continuously from end to end centrally thereof and between the passages for telescopic registry in a groove in the top surface of the side wall, the top surface of said top block including upstanding projections defining a groove outwardly of the passage therethrough communicating with the top surface for receiving a depending tongue on the downwardly facing flange on the roof panel.

3. The top block as defined in claim 2 wherein the top block includes an outer surface substantially flush with the outer surface of the roof panel and spaced outwardly from the outer surface of the side wall, and an upwardly extending eave member attached to the outer 4 surface of the top block and extending above the roof panel for sealing engagement therewith.

4. In a building structure including a side wall having spaced inner and outer voids defined by spaced walls and an intermediate wall and a deck panel including vertically spaced voids dened by upper and lower walls and an intermediate wall, a bottom block having an L-shaped passage therethrough with one leg of the passage communicating with the top surface of the block and the outer leg communicating with the inner surface thereof, the deck panel including a recess in one edge thereof communicating with the lower void therein and receiving the inner and top surfaces of the bottom block, with L- shaped passage in the bottom block communicated with the outer void in the deck panel, the portion of the deck panel overlying the bottom block including a passageway therethrough communicating with the L-shaped passage in the bottom block and the outer void in the side wall,

the top surface of said bottom block including a groove therein inwardly of the L-shaped passage receiving a depending tongue on the deck panel, said deck panel extending in underlying relation to the side wall and including a passageway therein communicating with the inner voids in the side wall and the upper void in the deck panel, said deck panel including an upwardly facing groove in the upper surface thereof between the passageways receiving a depending tongue on the intermediate wall of the side wall, said bottom block including an outer surface having a recess in the upper outer corner thereof, said deck panel including a depending ange on the outer edge thereof received in said recess for forming a seal with the bottom block.

5. The bottom block as defined in claim 4 wherein each of said tongues has a depth less than the depth of the corresponding groove and less than the width of the corresponding groove whereby mortar disposed in the groove will engage the bottom as well as the two sides of the tongue for bonding the bottom block to the deck panel, and the deck panel to the side wall.

6. A monolithic concrete building panel comprising an upper wall and a lower wall disposed in substantially parallel spaced relation to provide a void therebetween, an intermediate wall spaced from the upper and lower walls to divide the voids into upper and lower voids completely isolated from each other, side edge walls interconnecting said upper, lower and intermediate walls with the ends of the voids being open for communication with similar panels when assembled in end to end relation, the upper of said walls being offset diagonally in relation to the lower wall with the intermediate wall being coextensive with both the upper and lower wall to provide a pair of peripherally adjacent upwardly facing flanges and a pair of peripherally adjacent downwardly facing flanges on the intermediate wall, a laterally facing tongue on downwardly facing flanges and a laterally opening groove on the upwardly facing flanges for interlocking engagament when adjacent panels are assembled in a vertical direction with the flanges overlapping, the tongue having a width and height less than the width and depth of the groove s'o that mortar placed in the groove will engage the tongue along the bottom and both side surfaces thereof for forming a bond and seal therebetween.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,038,467 9/1912 Westendorf 52-16 X 1,046,910 12/1912 Wagner 52-11 X 1,539,611 5/1925 Trowbridge 52-303 1,562,728 11/ 1925 Albrecht 52-505 1,652,743 12/1927 Smith 52-286 2,134,637 10/1938 Loucks 52-503 2,184,714 12/1939 Freeman 52-220 X 2,882,715 4/ 1959 Zagray 52-436 3,204,381 9/1965 Perreton 52309 (Other references on following page) 5 FOREIGN PATENTS Austria. France. Germany. Great Britain. Great Britain. Great Britain. Italy.

6 6/1961 Canada.

5 HENRY C. SUTHERLAND, Primary Examiner U.S. C1. XR.

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