US3524598A - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 18, 1970 P. PERLIN ET AL 3,524,598

' CRUSHER' Filed July 18, 1966 v .2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 18,1970 'RPERU ETAL 3,524,598

' CRUSHER Q v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 18, 1966 X 's/m I United States Patent Office 110, Int. Cl. B02c 13/09, 13/18, 13/26 US. Cl. 241186 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The present invention relates to a materials crusher with which it is possible to effect selective and conservative grinding. The instant crusher yields an end product having a definite grain size repartition and containing the maximum amount of grains belonging to the desired class, the grain structure being altered only slightly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the most modern crushing devices known in the prior art, impact crushers and hammer mills, the process of grinding is accomplished in such a manner that the material delivered to the crusher is caught by a rotor and thrown against a plate or the inside surface of the crusher body. The material disintegrates as a result of the shock caused by the impact with the plate or the body of the crusher. A portion of the crushed material leaves the machine by a suitable funnel or chute and a portion is, again, caught by the rotor and undergoes a further reducing action. As a result of such a process, the end product contains a considerable amount of powder and its grain takes on a rounded form. In addition to the above-noted drawbacks, these crushing devices exhibit a poor energy consumption factor per ton of material ground or per square meter of newly created surface and also exhibit an unsatisfactory capacity-to-weight ratio.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a materials crusher consisting of a rotor and a set of parallel rings separated by gaps of a preset width. The material supplied to the crusher is caught by the rotor and is thrown against the inside surface of the set of rings. The process of reduction which occurs simultaneously with the process of classification, is accomplished through the means of both impact and shearing forces.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a materials crusher capable of yielding an end product with a definite grain size repartition.

It is another object of the invention to provide a materials crusher capable of performing its function without substantially altering the grain structure of the material.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a materials crusher whose end product contains a maximum amount of grains belonging to the desired class.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a materials crusher which exhibits an excellent energy consumption factor.

It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a materials crusher having a superb capacity-to-weight ratio.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as many attendant advantages thereof, become more readily apparent when reference is made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a front cross-sectional view of the crusher of the present invention;

3,524,598 Patented Aug. 18, 1970 FIG. 2 shows a side cross-sectional view of the crusher shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of the materials crusher of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows another alternate embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 6 shows still another embodiment of the present invention,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, the materials crusher of the instant invention is shown to comprise a housing 1 in registration with a charging hopper 2 and a discharge chute 3. Forming an integral part of the crusher is a horizontal rotor which consists of a rectangular shaft 4 and a set of hammers 5. The rotor is surrounded by a ring cage 6 which is secured by a plurality of clamping bolts 7. And serving to regulate the gaps between the rings in the ring cage 6 are a plurality of interchangeable shims 8 positioned between said rings.

The material to be crushed is introduced through the charging hopper 2 and falls on the hammers 5 where it is caught and propelled by centrifugal force against the inside surface of the ring cage 6. The material undergoes a grinding process caused by impact against the ring surface or edge. The material then passes through the gaps between the rings, is gathered at the surface of the housing 1 and finally is discharged from the crusher through the discharge chute 3. The grains which are not fine enough to pass through the ring gaps after preliminary crushing by the rings rebound only to be again captured by the hammers 5 and propelled against the rings.

It should be noted that rotational motion, in either sense, or oscillatory motion, could be imparted to the ring cage 6. In this manner, the possibility of clogging the gaps between the rings is reduced and the crushing effect is enhanced.

With reference now to FIG. 3, there is shown an alternate embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the ring cage 6' is positioned in an eccentric manner with respect to the rotor assembly which is shown generally at 4. In the figure, the eccentric positioning is represented by the placement of the rotor assembly 4' nearer to the bottom-most portion of the ring cage 6' than to the topmost portion thereof. In effect, this eccentricity promotes the crushing process by adding to the crushing caused by impact against the rings, a crushing action caused by mutual impact between the grains. This type of grinding is referred to as autogenous grinding.

With reference now to FIG. 4, there is shown another alternate embodiment of the present invention. Basically, this embodiment differs from those described above in that the materials crusher is provided with two sets of rings, or ring cages 6". The two ring cages 6" differ from one another both in the diameter of the individual rings and in the spacing between neighboring rings. Both ring cages 6" are located within the housing 1 and surround the rotor assembly 4"; but due to the unequal diameters of the individual ring cages, one set of rings more closely surrounds the rotor assembly 4" than does the other. As shown in FIG. 4, the set of rings provided with the larger gaps is also the set of rings with the smaller diameter.

In operation, the materials crusher shown in FIG. 4 provides a two-stage grinding and classification process. The material passing through the larger gaps in the innermost ring cage 6 encounters a second set of rings which make up the outer-most ring cage 6". This arrangement reduces the consumption of electrical power and eliminates the excess of grains which are ground too finely.

Referring now to FIG. 5 there is shown another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment involves the use of a double set of intermittent rings. Such an arrangement augments the width of the openings in the grating cage and ensures an increase in the capacity of the crusher without causing a corresponding increase in power consumption. Furthermore, this arrangement provides a two-stage grinding and classification action and eliminates the excess of grains which are ground too finely.

With reference to FIG. 6, there is shown another embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment being a vertical counterpart of the crusher shown in FIG. 5. It should be noted, however, that the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 comprises a ring cage made up of three rings of varying diameters, the ring having the largest diameter being at the upper-most portion of the assembly and the ring having the smallest diameter being at the bottommost portion of the assembly, This arrangement is particularly suitable for selective grinding and classification of multi-component materials. Easily crushed material passes through the gaps between the rings 4"", is gathered in the housing 1, and exists from the device as a final product by means of the exit chute 3. The harder-to-grind material, after attaining the desired granulation, fall by the force of gravity into a second chute 9 and constitutes a final product much different from that which took exit by means of the chute 3.

By means of example, there follows a table which compares the grinding results of a hammer mill with those attained by means of the crusher as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Rock salt, class -20+10 (55.5 percent of grains, class 20+16 mm.)

Conventional Crusher according to the sieve invention Perforated Ring Ring sieve, hole (11- distance, distance, Classiu nun. ameter 6 mm. ti mm. 2 mm 100.0 100.0 In which class:

-l. 83. 6 16.7 57.8 Capacity in t./h 0 277 0. 60 0. 69 Electric power consumption in kwhJt 4. 3 1. 5 1.67

We claim:

1. A materials crusher comprising: a housing; a charging hopper for introducing into said housing the material to be crushed; a horizontally oriented rotor assembly located within said housing; said rotor assembly serving to impart to said material, energy tending to thrust said material toward said housing; and a first set of parallel rings located within said housing and surrounding said rotor assembly, said set of rings comprising a plurality of individual rings, each being separated from its neighbor rings by a preset gap and each serving to cause the disintegration of the material upon impact therewith and wherein said first set of parallel rings is oriented eccentrically with respect to the rotor assembly.

2. A materials crusher comprising: a housing; a charging hopper for introducing into said housing the material to be crushed; a horizontally oriented rotor assembly located within said housing, said rotor assembly serving to impart to said material, energy tending to thrust said material toward said housing; and a first set of parallel rings located within said housing and surrounding said rotor assembly, said set of rings comprising a plurality of individual rings, each being separated from its neighbor rings by a preset gap and each serving to cause the disintegration of the material upon impact therewith; and further comprising a second set of parallel rings wherein said second set of rings has a diameter less than that of the first set of rings, wherein said second set of rings is located within said first set of rings and wherein said gaps associated with said first set of rings is smaller than those associated with said second set of rings.

3. The crusher as set forth in claim 2 wherein said first and said second sets of parallel rings are comprised of spaced arcuate ring segments.

4. A materials crusher comprising: a housing; a charging hopper for introducing into said housing the material to be crushed; a rotor assembly located within said housing, said rotor assembly serving to impart to said material, energy tending to thrust said material toward said housing; and a first set of parallel rings located within said housing and surrounding said rotor assembly, said set of rings comprising a plurality of individual rings, each being separated from its neighbor rings by a preset gap and each serving to cause the disintegration of the material upon impact therewith; wherein said rotor assembly is vertically oriented; and wherein said first set of parallel rings comprises individual rings of decreasing diameters wherein the diameters decrease in a manner such that each ring is of a diameter greater than that of its lower neighbor ring.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 243,616 6/1881 Pond 241 X 705,796 7/1902 Sutclitfe 241187 X 848,213 3/1907 Spurgin 241-185 X 1,076,062 10/1913 Quenner 241l87 X 1,948,504 2/1934 Borton 241-187 X 2,510,970 6/1950 Ginaven 241188 3,329,350 7/1967 Wisgerhof et a1. 241187 X FOREIGN PATENTS 36,019 1954 Poland.

WILLIAM S. LAWSON, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 241-188

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