US35225A - Paul-flechet - Google Patents

Description

I nometer; Fig. 2, a vertical and longitudinal UNITED STATES PATENT Orricn.,

'PAUnFLcHEr or Panis, FRANCE IMPROVEMENT-HN sun-mms.. u

Speciiication forming part of Letters Patent N o. 35,225, .dated May 13, i862.

' a plane passes, the trace of which is shown by m n in Fig. 4 and by ZZ in the projection, Fig. l, of the spherical section. The beginning of the Vernier is in this plane, as well as two notches, and u., Figs. l and 3, which receive -To aZZ whom zit may concern: f

Be it known that I, PAUL FLCHET, of Paris, in the Empire of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements iii Solar Time-Keepers or Chro ometers; and I do hereby declare the nature of the said'invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly describedv and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the drawings ,hereunto afinexed-that is to say: This solar chronometer may be used generally and in all quarters of the gl0be. It gives the vhour in true and mean time without the aid of any table of corrections. e lt also indicates -the meridian as well as the latitude of the spotwhere it is used, and itis self- Y verifyii-ig.l It isv illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l rpresentsfa longitudinal elevation of my'im'provedapparatus or solar chro- Its trace` k It on the projection of the spherical section /Z Z, Fig. 5, will be the equinoctial line. The two lines ZZ and kk being obtained, I draw the curve Z Zi Z k is traced, showing the equation of time for each day of the year according to LAnnuaire du Bureau des'Longitudes, and for the focal `distance i Z from the lens. The fline' Z Z represents true time.

maintainedin a Yhorizontal position; second, that ,the piece B may' turn vertically about the axis f and be secured to the piece A bya section; Fig. 3, a front view of the upper dial. pressure-screw; third, that the 'piece kC may Fig. 4' shows the Vernier or sliding scale with its bracket, and Fig. 5 a plan View of the whole appara/tus. Itis composed of four principal parts, A, B, C, and D.

A, Figs. l andl 2, represents astand having'y i a hole in i for attaching and adjusting the about the axis h and may bya screw be fixed to the piece B; fourth, that the pieces D D',

independent of one another, and they can be combined or not by the screws and 'tighteningbolts. It is indispensable, iii-st, that the axis f of the piece B bein a plane perpendicular `toY the vertical face of the disk c., projecting piece in the support A; and, second, that the axis 71.- h of the piece C be parallel with the `suitable bed-plate.

e is a projecting piece with 'vertical front, against which the part B is iitted and secured by an axis, f, about which it is 'free to move, a screw keeping itixed, when desired.`

gis a socket in the part B, into which: thel axis h of the spherical cap C takes. The upper circumference of this cap C is divided nto twenty-four equal parts, indicating -the two periods of from noon to midnight and `from midnight to noon, as shown at'.Fig. 5.

a second plane is dra. n perpendicular to hv The partsare constructed in such. manner,

turnin a planeperpendicularto that of B` Each division, which represents'anv hour, is The operation of the instrument is as folysi'ibdivided for the quarters and minutes. The lows: Supposiiig it to be resting on the hoi-i'- .plane passing through the lineof axis, h .h and zontal support A, turn the piece C to bring lthe whole corresponding to neen, is parallel the zero of the Vernier. to noon, stretch the .with the vertical face. Thepieees .D D are thread t u, and suspend from it the plu1nbfixed to the spherical cap-.byl'sei'ews That 'line-:c fg. The linetu is common to the two marked D carries a'lens, z', and g-.ffthatinaiked `planes h h' z' Z Z and tu a; y, whichis rendered D is a sect'on of a' sphere,Z Z, of which the vert-ical b y making the two planes to coincide,

Alens z' is the center. Y and that in different positions, so as to be cer.-l

` o' is a Vernier on the capfC. ',lhron-gh the;4 vtain that the plane is vertical. That deter- ,axis hhand the point 'L'.(theceiiter of thelens) miiAed, -the piece A' is definitely iix'ed in that vis being` performed.

position and the plumb-line is removed. ln order to give the piece l the desired inclination at mid-day, place the .zveroof the Vernier at noon and bring the focus of the lens on the point of the curve c()rresponding to the day on which the operation takes place,tighten' the axis, the inclination of which piece must l' not again be Varied for the partienla/rlatitude.

'l`he apparatus may be oriented or set to mark the bearing or situation with respect to the four cardinal points at anyhour;l but it is-at six oeloek in themorl'iing Aor evening that the operaiion .atl'ords ihe greatest exaetness. Without displacing the axisj', ,bring the focus oi' the lens i upon the point of the curve eorresponding,l to theday on which the i.)peratio'n The a1 )pa1atlis w'ill be in position and the Vernier will giVe the hour.

llowever, as theie are two positions possible,

it isnecessary to choose that in which the Vernier is to the right 'of noon, it' the operation takes place in the evening', and that where the Vernier is to the left or' noon, it' the operation takes place in the morning. The piece (l alone remains movable, and the Vernier will give the hour mean time when the focus falls on the curVe, and it will givethe 'true time when the focus falls on the straight line.

' Therthe instrument is at work, the three 'pieces are: one horizontal, corresponding with the bearing in respect to the cardinal pon ts; one vertical, corresponding with the latitude;

the third equinoctial, corresponding with the hour. One ot these quantities beingI known, the instrument gives the other two by the sun. If a compass is used to .ascertain thebearing with respect t0 thel cardinal points, the instrument will giVe the latitude and the hour. `By comparing' the hour of the place with that ot the iirst meridian giVcn by a chronometer, the longitude can be ascertained, and consequently the geographical position of the place where t-hc operation takes place. For purposes of, instruction the piece carrying; the Vernier can be replaced by a terrestrial globe, and placed in such manner that all its circles would be parallel with analogous circles on the earth, so that when the sun shines all the lighted parts on'the earth'will haVeth ei r analogous parts li ghted on the globe. lt is Very interesting to watch on this 'terrestrial globe the sun rising and setting'.

'lhe instrument may be made ot' inoxidizable metal and enameled, and parts of itsueh as the cap (l-may be of glass or other mate ri al.

And having; new deseribed'the nature of my said inVention and' in what imanner the sameis to be performed, l deel -e that I do not limit myselt' to the particular arrangement and materials -hereinbefore described, for the

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