US3595862A - Acyloxymethyl derivatives of phenobarbital and barbital - Google Patents

Abstract

N,N''-BIS(ACYLOXYMETHYL)PHENOBARBITAL, N,N''-BIS(ACYLOXYMETHYL)BARBITAL, 3-ACYLOXYMETHYL DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN, AND N,N''-DIACYLOXY DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN COMPOUNDS ARE DESCRIBED AS WELL AS THERAPEUTIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM AND THEIR USE AS ANTICONVULSANT AGENTS.

Description

United States Patent Office 3,595,862 Patented July 2'47, 1971.

3,595,862 ACYLOXYMETHYL DERIVATIVES 01F PHENOBARBITAL AND BARBITAL Julius A. Vida, Canton, Mass., assignor to The Kendall Company, Boston, Mass.

No Drawing. Filed Aug. 5, 1968, Ser. No. 749,973 Int. Cl. 007d 51/20 11.5. Cl. 260-257 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE N,N'-bis(acyloxymethyl)phenobarbital, N,N-bis(acyloxymethyl)barbital, 3-acyloxymethyl diphenylhydantoin, and N,N-diacyloxy diphenylhydantoin compounds are described as well as therapeutic compositions containing them and their use as anticonvulsant agents.

This invention relates to new chemical compounds and to the use of these compounds as anticonvulsant agents for treating convulsions and seizures in warm blooded animals.

Phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin have both long been known to be useful as anticonvulsant agents in warm blooded animals, having been employed in the treatment of epilepsy; however, phenobarbital suffers from the disadvantage that it exhibits hypnotic activity as well as anticonvulsant activity, while diphenylhydantoin has the disadvantage that although not hypnotic, it does have a multiplicity of undesirable side effects, for example, hypertrophic gingivitis, megaloblastic anemia, toxic psychoses, and hirsutism. It has now been found that N,N'-bis(acyloxymethyl)phenobarbital, -N,N-bis(acyloxymethyl)barbital, 3-acyloxymethyl diphenylhydantoin, and N,N'-bis(acyloxymethyl)-5,5-diphenylhydantoin are effective anticonvulsants which possess unexpected advantages from the pharmacological standpoint over their respective parent compounds.

The compounds of the present invention include those in which the acyloxy groups include acetoxy, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, propionoxy, and benzoyloxy. The compounds in which the acyloxy groups are acetoxy are preferred; N,N'-bis(acetoxymethyl)phenobarbital, and 3- acetoxymethyl diphenylhydantoin are particularly preferred.

The compounds may be made by reacting phenobarbital sodium or 5,5-diphenylhydantoin sodium with chloromethyl methyl ether in a suitable diluent such as dimethyl formamide over a wide range of temperatures, conveniently from below 0 C. up to the boiling point of the solvent to form the appropriate N-methoxymethyl or N.N'-bis- (methoxymethyl) compounds; these compounds are then reacted with the appropriate acid anhydride in the presence of a base such as pyridine or a catalyst such as stannic chloride. The methoxy methyl compounds may also be made by reacting barbital, phenobarbital or 5,5-diphenylhydantoin in methanol or dioxane with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid such as hydrochloric acid.

The compounds of the invention may be formulated with conventional physiologically acceptable vehicles and carriers to make syrups, isotonic solutions, tablets, and other dosage forms. Toxicity and effectiveness of the compounds are such that each dosage unit may contain from to 500 mg. of active material.

The procedures employed for demonstrating efficacy of the compounds as set forth in the following examples were as follows.

All tests, with the exceptions noted, were conducted on adult albino male mice (Charles River strain); the dosage consisted of the active agent suspended in 10% aqueous acacia and was administered orally unless otherwise indicated.

Acute oral toxicity and acute intraperitoneal toxicity were determined in the conventional manner. The results were expressed as LD the dose required to produce death in 50% of the animals treated, determined graphically, with the limits shown in parentheses.

The dosage required to produce a neurological deficit was determined by the method of Swinyard et al., J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 106, 319 (1952) except that one additional test was employed: the ability of the animal to remain for at least one minute on a rotorod, a horizontal rod rotated at 6 r.p.m. The results were expressed at TD the dose required to produce the effect, determined graphically, with 95% limits.

The time of peak anticonvulsant activity was determined by administering dosages of various sizes to a group of animals and administering a maximal electroshock to the animals at intervals thereafter by supplying 60 ma. current through a corneal electrode for 0.2 second. Protection was indicated if the animal failed to show the tonic extensor component of the maximal electroshock seizure pattern in unprotected animals. The time of peak effect thus determined was used for all subsequent tests of anticonvulsant activity on the same active agent.

Anticonvulsant effectiveness of each agent was determined against maximal electroshock administered as described above, against a convulsive dose of Metrazol (106.25 mg./kg.) injected subcutaneously, and against a lethal dose of strychnine sulfate (1.5 mg./kg.) injected subcutaneously. In the case of maximal electroshock the criterion for effectiveness was failure to show the tonic extensor component of the seizure pattern; in the case of Metrazol, the failure to show clonic convulsive seizures; and in the case of strychnine sulfate the failure to die, even though seizures appeared.

Hypnotic activity or depression of the central nervous system as indicated by loss of the righting reflex (onset of sleep) was either absent or very weak in the case of any dosage of any of the compounds of the present invention less than a lethal dose. Phenobarbital itself on the other hand did exhibit potent hypnotic activity using the foregoing criterion, as is well known.

The following specific examples are intended to illustrate more fully the nature of the present invention without acting as a limitation on its scope.

EXAMPLE 1 In a 500 m1. flask equipped with a stirrer and condenser, 11.5 g. (0.05 mole) of phenobarbital was dissolved in a mixture of 20 ml. dioxane and ml. of 37% aqueous formaldehyde solution. To the solution 1 ml. of 38% hydrochloric acid was added and the solution was heated at a reflux for 16 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature and the product was extracted into ethylacetate. The combined organic layer was washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, then evaporated to dryness. To the oily residue 12.5 ml. of acetic anhydride and 12.5 ml. of pyridine were added and the solution was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. The solution was poured into 500 ml. cold water containing 12.5 ml. of 38% hydrochloric acid and was stirred for three hours. The crude product in the form of a solid precipitate was filtered and washed with water, then dissolved by heating in 100 ml. of ethanol. To the hot solution 1 g. of activated carbon was added and the boiling solution was filtered through a Biichner funnel containing a 1 cm. layer of finely divided diatomaceous silica. The cake was washed three times with ml. of ethanol and the hot solution together with the washings was allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting crystals after filtering, washing three times with ml. of ethanol, and drying in a vacuum desiccator, weighed 10.1 g. (53% yield) M.P. 136-137. Further purification was achieved by dissolving this material in 100 ml. of ethylacetate, washing the solution four times with a cold, saturated solution of potassium carbonate, drying the solution over sodium sulfate, and evaporating the ethyl acetate. The resulting solid was crystallized from 100 ml. of ethanol to give 8.9 g. (47% overall yield) of N,N'-bis(acetoxymethyl)phenobarbital, M.P. 146-148.

The results of pharmacological testing of this compound were as follows:

Acute toxicity: Dosage, mg./ kg. LD (oral) 640 (474-864) LD (intraperitoneal) 550 (437-673) Neurological deficitTD 140 (110-478) Anticonvulsant activity:

Maximal electroshock, ED Metrazol, ED Strychnine, ED Time of peak activity1.5 hours.

EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 3 In a 1000 ml. flask equipped with a stirrer and condenser, 136.4 g. (0.536 mole) of phenobarbital sodium powder was suspended in 500 ml. of dimethylformamide. The flask was placed in an ice bath. To the cold suspension was added 100 g. (1.25 mole) of chloromethyl methyl ether over a period of one hour. The resulting suspension was stirred for two hours. The crude product was removed by filtration, and washed three times with 100 ml. of distilled water, then dissolved in about 500 ml. of t hot enthanol. To the boiling solution 1 g. of activated carbon was added and the boiling solution was filtered through a Buchner funnel which contained a 1 cm. hardly pressed layer of finely divided diatomaceous silica. The cake was washed three times with ml. of ethanol and dried in a vacuum desiccator. There were obtained 58 g. of N,N'-bis(methoxymethyl) phenobarbital, melting point 115 -1 17.

'N,Ndimethoxymethylphenobarbital (2.0 g.) was suspended in 5 ml. of acetic anhydride. To the suspension was added 2 drops of stannic chloride. The suspension was stirred for twenty hours, then poured into 20 ml. of cold water. The mixture was stirred for three hours and the solid removed by filtration. The solid was crystallized from ethanol. Obtained 2.0 g. (85% yield) of the same product as in Examples 1 and 2.

EXAMPLE 4 5,5-dipheny1hydantoin sodium (27.5 g., 0.1 mole) was suspended in 250 ml. of dimethylformamide. To the suspension was added over a period of minutes 8.8 g. (8.25 ml.) of chloromethyl methyl ether. The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight, then poured into 1 liter of ice water. A solid material precipitated. The suspension was stirred for one hour and the solid was removed by filtration, washed on the filter three times with 100 ml. of water and the wet cake was dissolved in 125 ml. of ethanol with heating. To the boiling solution 1 g. of activated carbon was added and the boiling solution was filtered through a Buchner funnel containing a 1 cm. pressed layer of finely divided diatomaceous silica. The cake was washed three times with 15 ml. of ethanol and the hot ethanol solution was diluted with 100 ml. of hot water, then allowed to cool to room temperature. The crystals which appeared were filtered and washed three times on the filter with 25 ml. of 50% aqueous ethanol, then dried in a vacuum desiccator. There were obtained 20 g. of 3-methoxymethyl-5,5-diphenylhydantoin; M.P. 127l28 (yield 67%).

3-methoxymethyl-5,5-diphenylhydantoin (6 g.) was suspended in 20 ml. of acetic anhydride. To the suspension was added four drops of stannic chloride. The suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight, then poured into 600 ml. of ice water, whereupon a solid material precipitated. The suspension was stirred for three hours to decompose the excess of acetic anhydride, then the solid product was removed by filtration and washed on the filter three times with 50 ml. of water. The wet product was dissolved in 50 ml. of hot ethanol, and to the boiling solution 1 g. of activated carbon was added and the solution was filtered through a Buchner funnel which contained a 1 cm. pressed layer of diatomaceous silica. The cake was washed three times with 15 ml. of hot ethanol; the hot ethanol solution was then diluted with 50 m1. of hot water and allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting crystals were removed by filtration, yielding 6 g. of product. This crude product was recrystallized from 60 ml. of aqueous ethanol to yield 4.7 g. of slightly impure product; M.P. 157-158. This impure product was further purified by recrystallization from ethanol to yield 2.6 g. of pure 3-acetoxymethyl-5,S-diphenylhydantoin; M.P. 162163.

Pharmacological testing showed the compound to have LD somewhat less than 500 mg./kg. It provided no anticonvulsant activity against Metrazol, but against maximal electroshock it exhibited peak activity approximately one hour after dosage, exhibiting an ED less than 12.5

mg./ kg.

EXAMPLE 5 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (25.2 g., 0.1 mole) was dissolved in a mixture of 25 ml. dioxane and ml. of water. To the solution 44 ml. of 37% aqueous formaldehyde solution and 5 m1. of triethanolamine was added and the solution was heated at reflux for 7 hours. The hot solution was cooled to room temperature, then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to pH 1. The solution was repeatedly extracted with ether and the combined ether solution Washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution and dried over sodium sulfate; the ether was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield an oil consisting of 1,3-bis (hydroxymethyl)-5,5-diphenylhydantoin. The oil was acetylated using 25 ml. of acetic anhydride and 25 ml. of pyridine with which it was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight, then poured into ice water containing 25 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. A solid material precipitated. The suspension was stirred for four hours to decompose any unreacted acetic anhydride, after which the solid product was removed by filtration, then washed on the filter several times with water. The wet cake was dissolved in methanol (ca. 500 ml.) with heating. To the boiling solution 1 g. of activated carbon was added and the boiling solution was filtered through a Buchner funnel which contained a 1 cm. pressed layer of diatomaceous silica. The cake was washed three times with 25 ml. of hot ethanol, and the hot solution was allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting crystals were filtered, washed three times with 25 ml. of methanol and dried in a vacuum desiccator. Obtained 21.2 g. of N,N-bis(acetoxymethyl)-5,5-diphenylhydantoin; M.P. 15 0151 (yield 53.5%

Pharmacological testing of this compound showed the following results:

Dose, mg./kg.

Acute toxicity--LD (oral) 570 (259-1254) Neurological deficitTD 76 (41-140) Anticonvulsant activity-maximal electroshock, ED 16.5 (1222) Time of peak activity, 3 hours.

EXAMPLE 6 Phenobarbital (11.5 g.) was dissolved in 20 ml. of dioxane. To the solution 100ml. of 37% aqueous formaldehyde solution and 1 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for a period of 20 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and the product was extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solutions were combined and washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness. To the oily residue 16 m1. of propionic anhydride and 16 ml. of pyridine were added and the solution was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. The solution was then poured into 500 g. ice containing 16 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and the mixture was stirred for four hours, after which the oily product was removed by filtration and dissolved in 100 ml. of hot ethanol. To the boiling solution 1 g. of activated carbon was added and the hot solution was filtered through a Buchner funnel which contained a compacted layer of finely divided diatomaceous silica.

The cake was washed three times with 10 ml. of ethanol and the hot solution together with the washings was allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting crystals were filtered and recrystallized in the same manner as described for the first crystallization. There was obtained 4 g. of N,N-bis(propionoxymethyl) phenobarbital, M.P. 93.594.5. When tested as described above, this compound exhibited an ED against maximal electroshock less than 25 mg./kg. and an LD (oral) of about 500 mg./kg.

EXAMPLE 7 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid (barbital) (18.4 g.) was dissolved in ml. of dioxane. To the solution 100 ml. of 37% aqueous formaldehyde solution and 1 ml. of 38% hydrochloric acid was added, and the solution was heated at reflux for 16 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature and the product extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solutions were combined and washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, then evaporated to dryness. To the oily residue 20 ml. of acetic anhydride and 20 ml. of pyridine were added and the solution was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. The solution was then poured into 500 ml. of cold water containing 20 ml. of 38% hydrochloric acid and the mixture was stirred forthree hours, after which the oily product was extracted several times with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride solutions were combined and washed with Water, dried over sodium sulfate, then evaporated to remove the methylene chloride. From the oily residue the product was isolated by column chromatography using silica gel (grade 950). Elution with a benzene-ethyl acetate mixture (9:1 by volume) provided a semi-crystalline product which was crystallized first from hexane, then from pentane. There was obtained pure N,N'bis(acetoxymethyl) barbital having a melting point of 64-65 C. When tested as described above, the compound exhibited an ED against maximal electroshock less than 25 mg./kg., peak activity occurring approximately two hours after dosage. Hypnotic activity was very Weak, the ED being 250-300 mg./kg.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it is not intended to limit the invention solely thereto but to include all of the variations and modifications which suggest themselves skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A compound selected from the class consisting of N,N-bis(acyloxymethyl) phenobarbital and N,N-bis (acyloxymethyl) barbital, in which the acyloxy groups are acetoxy, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, propionoxy, or benzoyloxy.

2. N,N'-bis(acyloxymethyl) phenobarbital in which each acyloxy group is selected from the class consisting of acetoxy, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, propionoxy, and benzoyloxy.

3. N,N-bis(acyloxymethyl) barbital in which each acyloxy group is selected from the class consisting of acetoxy, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, propionoxy, and benzoyloxy.

4. N,N-bis(acetoxymethyl) barbital.

5. N,N'-bis(acetoxymethyl) phenobarbital.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10/1965 Cashin et al. 260-3095 3/1943 Herze 260-257 US. Cl. X.R.