US3581366A - Thermostatic bimetal - Google Patents
Thermostatic bimetal Download PDFInfo
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- US3581366A US3581366A US782070A US3581366DA US3581366A US 3581366 A US3581366 A US 3581366A US 782070 A US782070 A US 782070A US 3581366D A US3581366D A US 3581366DA US 3581366 A US3581366 A US 3581366A
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- bimetal
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001398967 Colonia Species 0.000 description 1
- KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Ni] KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
- G01K5/48—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid
- G01K5/56—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid
- G01K5/62—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid the solid body being formed of compounded strips or plates, e.g. bimetallic strip
- G01K5/64—Details of the compounds system
- G01K5/66—Selection of composition of the components of the system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
- C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H2037/526—Materials for bimetals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/125—Deflectable by temperature change [e.g., thermostat element]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
Definitions
- thermostatic bimetals possess certain important characteristics which are functions of temperature; i.e., the amount and linearity of deflection, the amount and linearity of developed force, and the range of maximum sensitivity. (This range is the temperature range of maximum rate of change of deflection and force.) All of these characteristics are related to Aa, which is the diierence between the coeflicients of thermal expansion of the high and the low expanding components of the bimetal.
- the standard low expanding component is Invar, which uses two major constituents, nickel (36% by weight) and iron.
- this alloy can contain 0.05%0.50% of manganese and .015%0.12% of carbon. Further, this alloy can also contain .015%-0.15% of silicon.
- the Aa attained from thermostatic bimetals using this alloy is larger than any other bimetals using Invar and moreover, the linearity of Aa is maintained within desired limits over a greater temperature range. As a result, our bimetal, for a given temperature range, is characterized by enhanced magnitude and linearity of both force and deflection as well as an extended range of maximum sensitivity.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective View of a bimetal in accordance with our invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph comparing 4the change of Aa with ternperature of certain of our bimetals as compared to a bimetal using Invar.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical bimetal in accordance with our invention having two bonded layers and 12.
- Layer 10 is a conventional high expanding component such as chromium-nickel-iron.
- Layer 12 is a low expanding component in accordance with our invention.
- composition ranges of the major constitu- 3,581,366 Patented June l, 1971 ents of this low expanding component as expressed in percent by weight are:
- the important thermostatic bimetal characteristics of curvature are functions of Aa (the difference in expansion coeicients of the high and low expanding elements), as Well as the thicknesses of these components and the ratio of the elastic moduli of the low expanding and high expanding components. Since the modulus of our low expanding alloy is approximately the same as that of standand Invar and the thickness is a design consideration only, Aa is the most important parameter.
- a known bimetal using Invar as the low expanding component and a known nickel-chromium-iron high eX- panding component (typical composition 22% by weight of chromium, 3% nickel, balance iron) was prepared, and its Aa was measured and plotted as a function of temperature as shown at curve 20 in FIG. 2.
- the low expanding alloy used in obtaining curve 22 had the following composition:
- the low expanding alloy used in obtaining curve 24 had the following composition:
- curves 22 and 24 are not only larger ⁇ than that for curve 20, Ibut is also more nearly constant with increasing temperature. Note that curves 22 and 24 have a spread in Aix of .50X 10H6/ F. and .20 l06/ F. respectively as compared to a spread of .90X106/ F. for curve 20 over the temperature range of 10W-500 F.
- the flexivity coecient is a fundamental parameter for evaluating bimetal characteristics. It is the temperature coefficient of curvature dened as:
- FLEXIVITIES [Parts per million per degree E] Over the temperature range of 100 F.-300 F.
- bimetals as compared to known bi- -metals, are characterized by:
- composition ranges given herein result in the optimization of Aa and the temperature range of maximum sensitivity.
- a thermostatic bimetal comprising: rst and second metallic layers bonded together tol define a strip, the rst layer being a high expanding alloy, the second layer being a low expanding alloy, said strip being characterized by a parameter, Aa, which is the difference between the thermal c0- efcients of expansion of the two layers, said parameter having a substantially constant value over a temperature range of F. to 300 F. and being in excess of 1.01 l0'I per F. throughout this range;
- said first layer consisting essentially of nickel, chromium and iron
- said second layer consisting essentially of the following as expressed in percent by weight:
- Iron Balance 2 A bimetal as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first layer consists essentially of 22% chromium, 3% nickel, balance iron.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Details Of Measuring And Other Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
A THERMOSTATIC BIMETAL HAVING ENHANCED TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS THE AMOUNT AND LINEARITY OF DEFLECTION AND DEVELOPED FORCE AS WELL AS AN EXTENDED TEMPERATURE RANGE OF MAXIMUM SENSITIVITY. THE BIMETAL EMPLOYS A LOW EXPANDING COMPONENT CONTAINING, AS MAJOR CONSTITUENT, 30.75%-31.75% BY WEIGHT OF NICKEL, 6.5%8.5% OF COBALT, BALANCE IRON. THIS COMPONENT CAN ALSO
CONTAIN, AS MINOR CONSTITUENTS, MANGANESE, CARBON AND SILICON.
CONTAIN, AS MINOR CONSTITUENTS, MANGANESE, CARBON AND SILICON.
Description
June l, 1971 A, GOTTUEB ETAL 3,581,366
THERMOSTATIG BIMETAL Filed Dec. 9, 1968 .fda
ATTORNEY United States Patent O 3,581,366 THERMOSTATIC BIMETAL Arnold Gottlieb, Colonia, and George A. Maiesko, Glen Ridge, NJ., assgnors to Wilbur B. Driver Company Filed Dec. 9, 1968, Ser. No. 782,070 Int. ICl. B32b 15/00 U.S. Cl. 29-195.S 2 Claims ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A thermostatic bimetal having enhanced temperature dependent characteristics such as the amount and linearity of deflection and developed force as Well as an extended temperature range of maximum sensitivity. The bimetal employs a low expanding component containing, as major constituents, 30.75 %31.75 by weight of nickel, 6.5%- 8.5% of cobalt, balance iron. This component can also contain, as minor constituents, manganese, carbon and silicon.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION All thermostatic bimetals possess certain important characteristics which are functions of temperature; i.e., the amount and linearity of deflection, the amount and linearity of developed force, and the range of maximum sensitivity. (This range is the temperature range of maximum rate of change of deflection and force.) All of these characteristics are related to Aa, which is the diierence between the coeflicients of thermal expansion of the high and the low expanding components of the bimetal. The standard low expanding component is Invar, which uses two major constituents, nickel (36% by weight) and iron.
In contradistinction, We employ as a low expanding component an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy having the following composition, by weight:
Percent Nickel 30.75-31.75 Cobalt 6.5-8.5 Iron Balance In addition, this alloy can contain 0.05%0.50% of manganese and .015%0.12% of carbon. Further, this alloy can also contain .015%-0.15% of silicon. The Aa attained from thermostatic bimetals using this alloy is larger than any other bimetals using Invar and moreover, the linearity of Aa is maintained within desired limits over a greater temperature range. As a result, our bimetal, for a given temperature range, is characterized by enhanced magnitude and linearity of both force and deflection as well as an extended range of maximum sensitivity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective View of a bimetal in accordance with our invention; and
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing 4the change of Aa with ternperature of certain of our bimetals as compared to a bimetal using Invar.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 shows a typical bimetal in accordance with our invention having two bonded layers and 12. Layer 10 is a conventional high expanding component such as chromium-nickel-iron. Layer 12 is a low expanding component in accordance with our invention.
The overall composition ranges of the major constitu- 3,581,366 Patented June l, 1971 ents of this low expanding component as expressed in percent by weight are:
The ranges of the minor constituents of this component are:
Percent Manganese 0.05-0.50 Carbon 0.015-0.12 Silicon 0.0150.15
No special processing is required in using this alloy together with other bimetal alloys as compared to using standard Invar. Conventional hot and cold bonding techniques may be used together with standard annealing and cold rolling procedures.
The important thermostatic bimetal characteristics of curvature (reciprocal of radius of curvature), deection and force are functions of Aa (the difference in expansion coeicients of the high and low expanding elements), as Well as the thicknesses of these components and the ratio of the elastic moduli of the low expanding and high expanding components. Since the modulus of our low expanding alloy is approximately the same as that of standand Invar and the thickness is a design consideration only, Aa is the most important parameter.
A known bimetal using Invar as the low expanding component and a known nickel-chromium-iron high eX- panding component (typical composition 22% by weight of chromium, 3% nickel, balance iron) was prepared, and its Aa was measured and plotted as a function of temperature as shown at curve 20 in FIG. 2.
Two rbimetals using the same high expanding component and two different compositions of our low expanding alloy were prepared and the two different Aas were measured and plotted as a function of temperature as Shown at curves 22 and 24 respectively in FIG. 2.
The low expanding alloy used in obtaining curve 22 had the following composition:
Nickel 31.29
Cobalt 7.05 Manganese 0.10 Carbon 0.03 7
Silicon 0.10
The low expanding alloy used in obtaining curve 24 had the following composition:
Nickel 31.54 Cobalt 8.16 Manganese 0.07 Carbon 0.016 Silicon 0.10
It can be seen that the Aa for each of curves 22 and 24 is not only larger `than that for curve 20, Ibut is also more nearly constant with increasing temperature. Note that curves 22 and 24 have a spread in Aix of .50X 10H6/ F. and .20 l06/ F. respectively as compared to a spread of .90X106/ F. for curve 20 over the temperature range of 10W-500 F.
The flexivity coecient is a fundamental parameter for evaluating bimetal characteristics. It is the temperature coefficient of curvature dened as:
e-at F: R. R1
where:
F=Flexivity R1=Radius of curvature at temperature T1 R2=Radius of curvature at temperature T2 t=Thickness of bimetal The following table compares the flexivity coeicients that can be obtained with Ithe compositions such as used for curves 22 and '24 as compared with the known composition of curve 20. The temperature range for flexivity measurement is 100 F.300 F. and the two components have equal thicknesses.
FLEXIVITIES [Parts per million per degree E] Over the temperature range of 100 F.-300 F.
Greater increases in flexivity can be obtained when high expanding elements having lower expansion coefficients than that used herein are coupled without low expanding alloy.
As a result, our bimetals, as compared to known bi- -metals, are characterized by:
Within the normal operating temperature range of bimetals, the composition ranges given herein result in the optimization of Aa and the temperature range of maximum sensitivity.
While we have described our invention with particular reference to preferred embodiments, our protection is to be limited only yby the scope of the claims which follow.
What is claimed is: 1. A thermostatic bimetal comprising: rst and second metallic layers bonded together tol deine a strip, the rst layer being a high expanding alloy, the second layer being a low expanding alloy, said strip being characterized by a parameter, Aa, which is the difference between the thermal c0- efcients of expansion of the two layers, said parameter having a substantially constant value over a temperature range of F. to 300 F. and being in excess of 1.01 l0'I per F. throughout this range;
said first layer consisting essentially of nickel, chromium and iron;
said second layer consisting essentially of the following as expressed in percent by weight:
Percent Nickel 30.75-31.75 Cobalt 6.5-8.5 Manganese 0.05-0.5 Carbon 0.015-0.l2 Silicon 0.015-0.15
and
Iron Balance 2. A bimetal as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first layer consists essentially of 22% chromium, 3% nickel, balance iron.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,604,064 10/1926 Miller 29-l95.5 1,689,814 10/1928 Brace 29-l95.'5 2,941,882 6/1960 Franklin 75-123 HYLAND BIZOT, Primary Examiner gg@ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 :581,366 Dated June l, 1971 Inventor) Arnold Gottlieb and George A. Ma'jesko It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column l, line 34 of the specification (.36Z, by weight) should read(36Z, by weght).
Signed and sealed this 21 st day of' December 1 971 (SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETGHER,JR3JR. ROBERT GOITSCHALK` Attestng Officer Acting Commissioner of' Patents
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US78207068A | 1968-12-09 | 1968-12-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3581366A true US3581366A (en) | 1971-06-01 |
Family
ID=25124860
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US782070A Expired - Lifetime US3581366A (en) | 1968-12-09 | 1968-12-09 | Thermostatic bimetal |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3765846A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1973-10-16 | Chace Co W M | Thermostatic bimetals |
| JPS5138075A (en) * | 1974-09-27 | 1976-03-30 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | HISENKEINETSUTOKUSEIOJUSURUTAINETSUBAIMETARU |
| US4366460A (en) * | 1979-03-16 | 1982-12-28 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Spring elements for supporting a superconductive coil |
| US5573860A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1996-11-12 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Bimetal |
| CN103207204A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-07-17 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Standard sample used for detecting specific thermal deflection property and its preparation method |
-
1968
- 1968-12-09 US US782070A patent/US3581366A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3765846A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1973-10-16 | Chace Co W M | Thermostatic bimetals |
| JPS5138075A (en) * | 1974-09-27 | 1976-03-30 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | HISENKEINETSUTOKUSEIOJUSURUTAINETSUBAIMETARU |
| US4366460A (en) * | 1979-03-16 | 1982-12-28 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Spring elements for supporting a superconductive coil |
| US5573860A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1996-11-12 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Bimetal |
| EP0659548B1 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 2001-07-18 | Sumitomo Special Metals Company Limited | Bimetal |
| CN103207204A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-07-17 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Standard sample used for detecting specific thermal deflection property and its preparation method |
| CN103207204B (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2015-03-11 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Standard sample used for detecting specific thermal deflection property and its preparation method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION READING PENNSYLVA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AMAX INC., A CORP OF NEW YORK;REEL/FRAME:004284/0609 Effective date: 19840427 |