US3553015A - Alkaline bath removal of scale from titanium workpieces - Google Patents
Alkaline bath removal of scale from titanium workpieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3553015A US3553015A US837950A US3553015DA US3553015A US 3553015 A US3553015 A US 3553015A US 837950 A US837950 A US 837950A US 3553015D A US3553015D A US 3553015DA US 3553015 A US3553015 A US 3553015A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- scale
- bath
- workpiece
- weight percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title abstract description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 30
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 8-30 WEIGHT PERCENT Chemical compound 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000435122 Echinopsis terscheckii Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrofluoric acid Substances F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
- C23G1/20—Other heavy metals
- C23G1/205—Other heavy metals refractory metals
Definitions
- a highly alkaline solution such as an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is effective to remove scale from titanium workpieces where the scale removing bath contains certain amounts of both triethanolamine and sodium gluconate.
- the sodium gluconate may be formed in situ by the reaction of gluconic acid and sodium hydroxide.
- a treating bath is prepared by dissolving in water from 3.1 to 5 pounds and preferably from 4 to 5 pounds of a mixture of sodium gluconate, triethanolamine and sodium hydroxide.
- the bath is heated to elevated temperature, generally about 175 F. up to just below the boiling point of the aqueous bath, and preferably between about ISO-200 F.
- the mixture dissolved in the aqueous bath consists essentially of sodium gluconate at 8 to 30 weight percent and preferably 13 to 23 weight percent, triethanolamine at 3 to 24 weight percent and preferably at 8 to 18 weight percent and the balance to percent of sodium hydroxide.
- the workpiece which may be degreased by conventional procedures in advance of scale removal, is immersed in the aqueous bath having the composition indicated above. Scale removal is initiated almost immediately with hydrogen evolvement occurring visibly after a period of about one minute. Treatment in the bath is continued for a sufficient period to remove the scale from the workpiece surface. This may range from one minute to five minutes or more, up to about thirty minutes. Multi le immersions in successive or the same aqueous bath can be used where desired.
- the titanium workpiece removed from the bath is cleaned of scale and is suitable for use subsequently in welding, bonding, plating or painting.
- the aqueous bath herein disclosed serves as a cleaner and a pickle for titanium.
- Titanium alloys can be similarly treated as titanium workpieces. Alloys with such materials as columbium, hafnium, zirconium, and tantalum may be cleaned by the indicated procedures.
- a titanium scale removal bath was prepared as follows: A mixture of 18.5 percent sodium gluconate, 13.5 percent triethanolamine, and correspondingly 68 percent sodium hydroxide was mixed dry. An exothermic reaction took place with production of water. The mixture was dissolved at the rate of 3.1 to 5 pounds per gallon of bath in water. The water' solution was heated to 200 F. Titanium workpieces having oxides and possibly nitride scale on their surfaces resulting from heat treating were immersed in the bath for periods ranging from ten minutes to thirty minutes. The workpieces were removed from the bath, when the scale thereon had been removed, rinsed and dried. The workpieces were noted to be clean enough without further processing for welding, bonding, plating or painting operations.
- Example 1 was duplicated but omitting the sodium gluconate. There was no appreciable removal of scale in an hour and a half.
- Control B Example 1 was duplicated employing a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium gluconate. The resulting bath attacked the titanium oxide, but at a slow rate, requiring ninety minutes for removal. In addition, smut was produced on the titanium surface whichwas removable only with a dip in acid.
- Control C Example 1 was duplicated but omitting the sodium hydroxide. The resulting bath was inelfective for removing titanium scale from titanium workpieces.
- immersion times will range between one minute and ten to thirty minutes with longer or shorter periods, depending on scale conditions, temperature of the bath, and concentration of the bath being useful.
- a relatively more concentrated bath e.g. containing from 4 to 5 pounds of the above described mixture may be employed where particularly obdurate scale is to be removed.
- a method of descaling titanium comprising immersing a scaled titanium workpiece in a bath heated above 175 F., said bath being a solution of from 3.1 to 5 pounds per gallon of a mixture consisting essentially of Weight percent Sodium gluconate 8-30 Triethanolamine 3-24 Sodium hydroxide Balance to 100 4 4.
- Method according to claim 1 in which said mixture contains Weight percent Sodium gluconate 13-23 Triethanolamine 8-18 Sodium hydroxide Balance to 100 5.
- Method according to claim 4 in which the workpiece is immersed in the bath for a period of 10 to 30 minutes.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
TITANIUM SCALE, GENERALLY COMPRISING OXIDES AND NITRIDES OF TITANIUM, MAY BE REMOVED FROM TITANIUM WORKPIECES BY IMMERSING THE WORKPIECE IN AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AQUEOUS BATH BETWEEN ABOUT 180*F. AND 200* F. CONTAINING PER GALLON FROM 3.1 TO 5 POUNDS OF THE MIXTURE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF SODIUM GLUCONATE, 8-30 WEIGHT PERCENT, TRIETHANOLAMINE, 3-24 WEIGHT PERCENT AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE, BALANCE TO 100 WEIGHT PERCENT, AND REMOVING THE WORKPIECE FROM THE BATH FOLLOWING REMOVAL OF SCALE FROM THE WORKPIECE.
Description
United States Patent 3,553,015 ALKALINE BATH REMOVAL OF SCALE FROM TITANIUM WORKPIECES Charles L. Dohogne, San Pedro, Califi, assignor to Purex Corporation, Ltd., Lakewood, Califl, a corporation of California No Drawing. Filed June 30, 1969, Ser. No. 837,950 Int. Cl. C23g 1/22 US. Cl. 134-2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of the invention This invention has to do with the removal of scale, such as oxides, nitrides, sulfides and the like from the surfaces of titanium workpieces. Titanium scale and particularly oxides of titanium constitutes virtually the most refractory of all known materials. Titanium oxides have very high melting points and are resistant to almost all types of chemical attack. Many uses of titanium require the removal of the natural oxide coating or an oxide coating induced by metal treating processes such as heat treating, anodizing or oxides produced in the use of a part.
(2) Prior art The heretofore accepted method for descaling titanium and removing the oxides from workpiece surfaces has included an alkaline precleaning step, sometimes followed by an alkaline conditioning step and a post treatment in a bath of nitric-hydrofluoric acid. Titanium oxide has been thought to be impervious to alkaline solutions and accordingly, efforts at improving the cleaning of titanium workpieces have been directed primarily at the development of more vigorous and more effective acids.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has now been discovered that a highly alkaline solution such as an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is effective to remove scale from titanium workpieces where the scale removing bath contains certain amounts of both triethanolamine and sodium gluconate. The sodium gluconate may be formed in situ by the reaction of gluconic acid and sodium hydroxide.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In carrying out the present invention, a treating bath is prepared by dissolving in water from 3.1 to 5 pounds and preferably from 4 to 5 pounds of a mixture of sodium gluconate, triethanolamine and sodium hydroxide. The bath is heated to elevated temperature, generally about 175 F. up to just below the boiling point of the aqueous bath, and preferably between about ISO-200 F.
"ice
The mixture dissolved in the aqueous bath consists essentially of sodium gluconate at 8 to 30 weight percent and preferably 13 to 23 weight percent, triethanolamine at 3 to 24 weight percent and preferably at 8 to 18 weight percent and the balance to percent of sodium hydroxide.
The workpiece which may be degreased by conventional procedures in advance of scale removal, is immersed in the aqueous bath having the composition indicated above. Scale removal is initiated almost immediately with hydrogen evolvement occurring visibly after a period of about one minute. Treatment in the bath is continued for a sufficient period to remove the scale from the workpiece surface. This may range from one minute to five minutes or more, up to about thirty minutes. Multi le immersions in successive or the same aqueous bath can be used where desired.
The titanium workpiece removed from the bath is cleaned of scale and is suitable for use subsequently in welding, bonding, plating or painting. Thus, the aqueous bath herein disclosed serves as a cleaner and a pickle for titanium.
Titanium alloys can be similarly treated as titanium workpieces. Alloys with such materials as columbium, hafnium, zirconium, and tantalum may be cleaned by the indicated procedures.
EXAMPLE 1 A titanium scale removal bath was prepared as follows: A mixture of 18.5 percent sodium gluconate, 13.5 percent triethanolamine, and correspondingly 68 percent sodium hydroxide was mixed dry. An exothermic reaction took place with production of water. The mixture was dissolved at the rate of 3.1 to 5 pounds per gallon of bath in water. The water' solution was heated to 200 F. Titanium workpieces having oxides and possibly nitride scale on their surfaces resulting from heat treating were immersed in the bath for periods ranging from ten minutes to thirty minutes. The workpieces were removed from the bath, when the scale thereon had been removed, rinsed and dried. The workpieces were noted to be clean enough without further processing for welding, bonding, plating or painting operations.
Control A Example 1 was duplicated but omitting the sodium gluconate. There was no appreciable removal of scale in an hour and a half.
Control B Example 1 was duplicated employing a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium gluconate. The resulting bath attacked the titanium oxide, but at a slow rate, requiring ninety minutes for removal. In addition, smut was produced on the titanium surface whichwas removable only with a dip in acid.
Control C Example 1 was duplicated but omitting the sodium hydroxide. The resulting bath was inelfective for removing titanium scale from titanium workpieces.
Accordingly, combination of any two of the cleaning bath components is not effective as a cleaner due to slowness of attack on the substrate and oxide and uneconomically long processing times.
In the typical practice of the present invention, immersion times will range between one minute and ten to thirty minutes with longer or shorter periods, depending on scale conditions, temperature of the bath, and concentration of the bath being useful. In this connection, a relatively more concentrated bath e.g. containing from 4 to 5 pounds of the above described mixture may be employed where particularly obdurate scale is to be removed.
I claim:
1. A method of descaling titanium comprising immersing a scaled titanium workpiece in a bath heated above 175 F., said bath being a solution of from 3.1 to 5 pounds per gallon of a mixture consisting essentially of Weight percent Sodium gluconate 8-30 Triethanolamine 3-24 Sodium hydroxide Balance to 100 4 4. Method according to claim 1 in which said mixture contains Weight percent Sodium gluconate 13-23 Triethanolamine 8-18 Sodium hydroxide Balance to 100 5. Method according to claim 4 in which the workpiece is immersed in the bath for a period of 10 to 30 minutes.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 4/1963 Netzler l34-27 12/1969 Moll l5620X US. Cl. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83795069A | 1969-06-30 | 1969-06-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3553015A true US3553015A (en) | 1971-01-05 |
Family
ID=25275866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US837950A Expired - Lifetime US3553015A (en) | 1969-06-30 | 1969-06-30 | Alkaline bath removal of scale from titanium workpieces |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3553015A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3859132A (en) * | 1972-12-07 | 1975-01-07 | Whitfield Richards Co G | Method of cleaning and lubricating copper |
| US3951681A (en) * | 1973-11-01 | 1976-04-20 | Kolene Corporation | Method for descaling ferrous metals |
| US4024303A (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1977-05-17 | Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm Gmbh | Method of applying a firmly adherent metallic coating to titanium and titanium alloy |
| US4080226A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1978-03-21 | Fujitsu Limited | Method of improving plating properties of magnetic alloy materials containing niobium with an electric contact material |
| US4292090A (en) * | 1980-05-15 | 1981-09-29 | Textron Inc. | Removal of titanium dioxide from a filter element |
| US4339281A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1982-07-13 | Rca Corporation | Shank diamond cleaning |
| US5643474A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-07-01 | General Electric Company | Thermal barrier coating removal on flat and contoured surfaces |
| US5660640A (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1997-08-26 | Joray Corporation | Method of removing sputter deposition from components of vacuum deposition equipment |
| US5685917A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-11-11 | General Electric Company | Method for cleaning cracks and surfaces of airfoils |
| US5763377A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-06-09 | Dober Chemical Corporation | Compositions and methods for removing titanium dioxide from surfaces |
| US6878215B1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-04-12 | General Electric Company | Chemical removal of a metal oxide coating from a superalloy article |
| US20060016463A1 (en) * | 2004-07-22 | 2006-01-26 | Dober Chemical Corporation | Composition and process for removing titanium dioxide residues from surfaces |
| US20060112972A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Ecolab Inc. | Methods and compositions for removing metal oxides |
| CN103105455A (en) * | 2013-01-19 | 2013-05-15 | 南昌航空大学 | Analytical method of film stripping solution of titanium alloy anode oxide film |
| CN109338366A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-15 | 东南大学 | A kind of stripping method of titanium-based hard coating for tool remanufacturing |
-
1969
- 1969-06-30 US US837950A patent/US3553015A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4080226A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1978-03-21 | Fujitsu Limited | Method of improving plating properties of magnetic alloy materials containing niobium with an electric contact material |
| US3859132A (en) * | 1972-12-07 | 1975-01-07 | Whitfield Richards Co G | Method of cleaning and lubricating copper |
| US3951681A (en) * | 1973-11-01 | 1976-04-20 | Kolene Corporation | Method for descaling ferrous metals |
| US4024303A (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1977-05-17 | Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm Gmbh | Method of applying a firmly adherent metallic coating to titanium and titanium alloy |
| US4292090A (en) * | 1980-05-15 | 1981-09-29 | Textron Inc. | Removal of titanium dioxide from a filter element |
| US4339281A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1982-07-13 | Rca Corporation | Shank diamond cleaning |
| US5660640A (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1997-08-26 | Joray Corporation | Method of removing sputter deposition from components of vacuum deposition equipment |
| US5685917A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-11-11 | General Electric Company | Method for cleaning cracks and surfaces of airfoils |
| US5643474A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-07-01 | General Electric Company | Thermal barrier coating removal on flat and contoured surfaces |
| US5763377A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-06-09 | Dober Chemical Corporation | Compositions and methods for removing titanium dioxide from surfaces |
| US6878215B1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-04-12 | General Electric Company | Chemical removal of a metal oxide coating from a superalloy article |
| US20060016463A1 (en) * | 2004-07-22 | 2006-01-26 | Dober Chemical Corporation | Composition and process for removing titanium dioxide residues from surfaces |
| US20060112972A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Ecolab Inc. | Methods and compositions for removing metal oxides |
| US7611588B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2009-11-03 | Ecolab Inc. | Methods and compositions for removing metal oxides |
| CN103105455A (en) * | 2013-01-19 | 2013-05-15 | 南昌航空大学 | Analytical method of film stripping solution of titanium alloy anode oxide film |
| CN109338366A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-15 | 东南大学 | A kind of stripping method of titanium-based hard coating for tool remanufacturing |
| CN109338366B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-09-11 | 东南大学 | Tool remanufacturing-oriented coating removing method for titanium-based hard coating |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TP INDUSTRIAL, INC. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:PUREX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004561/0588 Effective date: 19860418 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TURCO PRODUCTS, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TP INDUSTRIAL, INC., A CORP OF CA.;REEL/FRAME:004561/0581 Effective date: 19860603 Owner name: PUREX CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:PUREX CORPORATION, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:004561/0586 Effective date: 19851211 Owner name: TURCO PRODUCTS, INC., 5101 CLARK AVENUE, LAKEWOOD, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TP INDUSTRIAL, INC., A CORP OF CA.;REEL/FRAME:004561/0581 Effective date: 19860603 |