US3415022A - Salt water pit liner - Google Patents
Salt water pit liner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3415022A US3415022A US613288A US61328867A US3415022A US 3415022 A US3415022 A US 3415022A US 613288 A US613288 A US 613288A US 61328867 A US61328867 A US 61328867A US 3415022 A US3415022 A US 3415022A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liner
- pit
- salt water
- coating
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003934 Abelmoschus esculentus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004507 Abelmoschus esculentus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000543381 Cliftonia monophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/126—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of bituminous material or synthetic resins
Definitions
- the present invention may be briefly described as a liner for salt water pits which comprises a sheet of polyolefin coated with a reinforced polyester resin.
- the invention may be further described in terms of the method used to apply the liner of the present invention to the salt water pit.
- the method comprises applying a sheet or sheets of a polyolefin so as to cover the floor and sides of the pit. Over the sheets of polyolefin is applied a coating of a catalyzed polyester resin. When the polyester resin becomes tacky, a reinforcing mat or cloth of fiber glass is applied, on top of which is applied a second layer of catalyzed polyester resin.
- the reinforced polyester coating provides an imprevious but flexible liner for salt water pits.
- the polyolefin sheet while an integral part of the total liner is thought to provide primarily an adequate surface for the polyester reinforced coating.
- the layer of reinforcing fiber material such as the mat or cloth of fiber glass add flexibility and strength to the liner of the present invention.
- a salt water pit 1 is formed, usually by digging a shallow hole in the earth and placing the removed earth upon an apron 2, the pit 1 having a floor 3 and sides 4.
- a sheet or sheets of a polyolefin film preferably polyethylene although polypropylene or other polyolefins may be used, to cover the floor 3 and sides 4 and extend upon the aprons 2.
- the individual sheets of polyolefin film 5 are placed so that they overlap l to 12 inches preferably 3 to 6 inches to provide a surface for the polyester reinforced coating.
- the floor 3 or sides 4 contain high quan tities of clay or where there are rocks or there tends t be lumps caused by the nature of the soil, such as th gumbo of the Texas Gulf Area, it may be preferred t1 spread a layer of sand before laying the sheets of poly olefin film in the pit 1.
- t1 spread a layer of sand before laying the sheets of poly olefin film in the pit 1.
- a reinforced cotaing of a poly ester resin 6 is applied over the sheets of polyolefin.
- Th preferred polyester resins used in forming the liner 0 thepresent invention will contain a vinyl monomer sucl as styrene to produce substantial cross-linking.
- a suitabl polyester resin is formed from a mixture of styrene, malei anhydride and propylene glycol which is mixed with 1 catalyst system comprising a mixture of methyl ethy ketone (MEK) peroxide and cobalt napthenate.
- MEK methyl ethy ketone
- the rat at which the resin sets is controlled by the relativ amounts of catalyst (MEK peroxide) and accelerator (co bait napthenate) which may be used in the rate of 1:: to 5:1.
- the catalyst system makes up less than 1% b1 Weight of the mixture, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4%
- the preferred set time is between 10 and 60 minutes.
- the reinforced coating of polyester resin 6 is mad up of a first coating of polyester resin 7 applied to thl sheets of polyolefin film 5 so as to have a dry thicknes of between about 50 and 200 mils.
- a preferred amoun of resin used would yield about to mils when dry While the preferred method of applying the resin is wit] rollers, the resin may be applied. by brush, spraying, 0 other known techniques.
- a reinforcing fiber m'ateria 8 is then spread out on top of the coating of polyeste1 resin.
- the preferred reinforcing fiber material is fibe. glass in the form of a mat or cloth which may be applie in sheets or strips being overlapped 1 to 12 inches, prefer ably 2 to 6 inches.
- a second coating of the polyester resir 9 is then applied over the reinforcing fiber material 8 Upon allowing the polyester resin to completely set, 2 very strong yet flexible liner is provided for the salt wate. pit.
- Example A test pit was dug to a size of about 42 ft. by 42 ft
- the floor was approximately 25 ft. by 25 ft.
- the deptt of the pit was about 4 ft. from ground level; but totalec' about 6 ft. when including the dirt buildup around the edges on the apron.
- the total area lined was about 2,40( sq. ft.
- a load of sand was spread in, the pit so as to provide a smooth surface.
- a large polyethylene sheet was cut so that two pieces were required to cover the floor, sides, and extend up to the apron of the pit.
- the polyethylene sheet was overlapped about 6 or 8 inches.
- To the polyethylene sheet was ap plied a light coat of a catalyzed mixture of styrene, maleic anhydric and propylene glycol polyester resin (Coo-ks Isopolyester 939 x 801).
- the catalyst system used wa a mixture of MEK peroxide and cobalt naphthenate used in an amount of about 0.25 percent MEK peroxide and 0.10 percent cobalt naphthenate by weight as a catalys and accelerator respectively.
- the catalyst system com ponents are added to separate batches of resin (usually about equal amounts of resin) which are then mixed together.
- the catalyst and accelerator were mixec with the polyester resin, the material had about a one hour pot life which was more than needed to fully apply the thickness of coating necessary.
- a fiber glass mat was laid down in widths of 50 inches.
- the lining operation was carried out by starting on me side of the pit and proceeding down into the pit hen up and out the opposite side. Another procedure would be to start at the center of the floor of the pit ind work out one side and then the other.
- the present invention has been described as a salt vater pit liner.
- a salt water pit is often used in :onjunction with a drilling operation. It may also be referred to as a mud pit.
- these pits are also lsed to hold water used in secondary recovery operations )r during workover operations.
- the pits may be 156d to store or hold water or may be used in separation )perations where water is evaporated from the pits.
- a liner disposed in a salt pit which comprises a sheet of polyolefin which covers the floor and sides of said pit;
- polyester resin consists essentially of a mixture of styrene, maleic anhydride and propylene glycol catalyzed by a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate.
- a liner according to claim 1 wherein said sheet of polyolefin is polyethylene.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Dec. 10, 1968 w H R ET AL 3,415,022
SALT WATER PIT LINER Filed Feb.
BlLLY EARL DAVIS,
EDMUND c. SCHMIDT,
WILLIAM A. SCHAEFER,
INVENTORS.
AT TORN EYw-w.
United States Patent Office Patented Dec. 10, 1962 3,415,022 SALT WATER PIT LINER William A. Schaefer, Seabrook, and Edmund C. Schmidt, Jr., and Billy E. Davis, Houston, Tex., assignors to Esso Production Research Company Filed Feb. 1, 1967, Ser. No. 613,288 9 Claims. (Cl. 52-169) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A salt water pit is lined with a linear comprising a sheet of a polyolefin coated with a reinforced polyester coating. The polyester is reinforced with fiber glass.
Background of the invention To conserve fresh water supply, in certain instances, it is necessary to utilize a liner in salt water pits to prevent the seepage of accumulated salt water into the fresh water table. A primary requirement of a linear, there fore, is imperviousness to salt water. Further, the liner must be resistant to crude oils and those chemicals present in oil field brine. The liner must have the further requirement of suflicieut strength and rigidity to withstand the weight and pressure placed upon it. Thus, the requirements of a liner to be fully satisfactory are rather stringent.
Summary of the invention The present invention may be briefly described as a liner for salt water pits which comprises a sheet of polyolefin coated with a reinforced polyester resin. The invention may be further described in terms of the method used to apply the liner of the present invention to the salt water pit. The method comprises applying a sheet or sheets of a polyolefin so as to cover the floor and sides of the pit. Over the sheets of polyolefin is applied a coating of a catalyzed polyester resin. When the polyester resin becomes tacky, a reinforcing mat or cloth of fiber glass is applied, on top of which is applied a second layer of catalyzed polyester resin. The reinforced polyester coating provides an imprevious but flexible liner for salt water pits. The polyolefin sheet while an integral part of the total liner is thought to provide primarily an adequate surface for the polyester reinforced coating. The layer of reinforcing fiber material such as the mat or cloth of fiber glass add flexibility and strength to the liner of the present invention.
It is the object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a liner which is not only impervious to salt water but has the strength and rigidity to withstand substantial pressures from large volumes of water, crude oil, mud and other chemicals which are placed in salt water pits.
Brief description of the drawings The invention may be further described with reference to the drawings which illustrates an isometric and crosssectional view of a salt water pit having the liner of the present invention.
Description of the preferred embodiment Referring to the drawing, a salt water pit 1 is formed, usually by digging a shallow hole in the earth and placing the removed earth upon an apron 2, the pit 1 having a floor 3 and sides 4. In the pit are placed a sheet or sheets of a polyolefin film, preferably polyethylene although polypropylene or other polyolefins may be used, to cover the floor 3 and sides 4 and extend upon the aprons 2. The individual sheets of polyolefin film 5 are placed so that they overlap l to 12 inches preferably 3 to 6 inches to provide a surface for the polyester reinforced coating.
In the event that the floor 3 or sides 4 contain high quan tities of clay or where there are rocks or there tends t be lumps caused by the nature of the soil, such as th gumbo of the Texas Gulf Area, it may be preferred t1 spread a layer of sand before laying the sheets of poly olefin film in the pit 1. By providing a fairly fiat surface the uniformity of the liner can be maintained with a sav ings in materials and cost.
After the sheets of polyolefin film 5 are applied to cove the surfaces of the pit 1, a reinforced cotaing of a poly ester resin 6 is applied over the sheets of polyolefin. Th preferred polyester resins used in forming the liner 0 thepresent invention will contain a vinyl monomer sucl as styrene to produce substantial cross-linking. A suitabl polyester resin is formed from a mixture of styrene, malei anhydride and propylene glycol which is mixed with 1 catalyst system comprising a mixture of methyl ethy ketone (MEK) peroxide and cobalt napthenate. The rat at which the resin sets is controlled by the relativ amounts of catalyst (MEK peroxide) and accelerator (co bait napthenate) which may be used in the rate of 1:: to 5:1. The catalyst system makes up less than 1% b1 Weight of the mixture, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4% The preferred set time is between 10 and 60 minutes.
The reinforced coating of polyester resin 6 is mad up of a first coating of polyester resin 7 applied to thl sheets of polyolefin film 5 so as to have a dry thicknes of between about 50 and 200 mils. A preferred amoun of resin used would yield about to mils when dry While the preferred method of applying the resin is wit] rollers, the resin may be applied. by brush, spraying, 0 other known techniques. When the coating of polyeste resin begins to become tacky, a reinforcing fiber m'ateria 8 is then spread out on top of the coating of polyeste1 resin. The preferred reinforcing fiber material is fibe. glass in the form of a mat or cloth which may be applie in sheets or strips being overlapped 1 to 12 inches, prefer ably 2 to 6 inches. A second coating of the polyester resir 9 is then applied over the reinforcing fiber material 8 Upon allowing the polyester resin to completely set, 2 very strong yet flexible liner is provided for the salt wate. pit.
To further illustrate the present invention, a descriptior of a salt water pit liner according to the present inventior will be described.
Example A test pit was dug to a size of about 42 ft. by 42 ft The floor was approximately 25 ft. by 25 ft. The deptt of the pit was about 4 ft. from ground level; but totalec' about 6 ft. when including the dirt buildup around the edges on the apron. The total area lined was about 2,40( sq. ft.
After the pit was dug out, a load of sand was spread in, the pit so as to provide a smooth surface. A large polyethylene sheet was cut so that two pieces were required to cover the floor, sides, and extend up to the apron of the pit. The polyethylene sheet was overlapped about 6 or 8 inches. To the polyethylene sheet was ap plied a light coat of a catalyzed mixture of styrene, maleic anhydric and propylene glycol polyester resin (Coo-ks Isopolyester 939 x 801). The catalyst system used wa a mixture of MEK peroxide and cobalt naphthenate used in an amount of about 0.25 percent MEK peroxide and 0.10 percent cobalt naphthenate by weight as a catalys and accelerator respectively. The catalyst system com ponents are added to separate batches of resin (usually about equal amounts of resin) which are then mixed together. When the catalyst and accelerator were mixec with the polyester resin, the material had about a one hour pot life which was more than needed to fully apply the thickness of coating necessary. After applying the irst coating'to the polyethylene sheets, a period of time :lapsed and the coating became tacky. A fiber glass mat was laid down in widths of 50 inches. As each length )f fiber glass was laid down, an overlap of about 4 to 5 nches was allowed. -As the fiber glass was laid, it was horoughly saturated with an additional coating of the aolyester resin by :means of paint rollers on extension iandles. The liner was allowed to cure overnight and nspection Was made to patch up any missed spots or treas wherein the overlapping of the fiber glass caused my problems. The entire liner covered the floor, sides, and extended up onto the apron of the pit. To provide :ven more protection, however, the edges of the liner vere covered with saind so as to prevent any seepage tnd erosion of the soil under the edges of the liner.
The lining operation was carried out by starting on me side of the pit and proceeding down into the pit hen up and out the opposite side. Another procedure would be to start at the center of the floor of the pit ind work out one side and then the other.
The present invention has been described as a salt vater pit liner. Such a salt water pit is often used in :onjunction with a drilling operation. It may also be referred to as a mud pit. However, these pits are also lsed to hold water used in secondary recovery operations )r during workover operations. Thus the pits may be 156d to store or hold water or may be used in separation )perations where water is evaporated from the pits.
The nature and objects of the present invention havng been completely described and illustrated, what we vish to claim as new and useful and secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A liner disposed in a salt pit which comprises a sheet of polyolefin which covers the floor and sides of said pit;
a coating of a polyester resin over said sheet of polya layer of reinforcing fibers for strength and flexibility;
and
a second coating of a polyester resin over said layer of fibers.
2. A liner according to claim 1 wherein said reinforcing fiber is fiber glass.
3. A liner according to claim 2 wherein said fiber glass is in the form of a mat.
4. A liner according to claim '2 wherein said fiber glass is in the form of a cloth.
5. A liner according to claim 1 wherein said polyester resin consists essentially of a mixture of styrene, maleic anhydride and propylene glycol catalyzed by a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate.
6. A liner according to claim 1 wherein said sheet of polyolefin is polyethylene.
7. A liner according to claim 5 wherein said sheet of polyolefin is polyethylene.
8. A liner according to claim 7 wherein said fiber glass is in the form of a mat.
9. A liner according to claim 7 wherein said fiber glass is in the form of a cloth.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,695,256 11/1954 Olloqui 161-231 2,944,264 7/1960 Gagne 4-172 2,981,308 4/1961 Thompson. 3,015,191 1/1962 Lucchesi 4-172 OTHER REFERENCES Polyesters and Their Applications, by Biorksten Res. Lab., published in 1956 by lReinhold Publishing Co., N.Y., pp. 21, 22, 28 and 68.
Excavating Engineer, August 1960, pp. 26, 27 and 28.
Berry Co. Publication, two pages, received in Patent Ofiice Jan. 23, 1967.
JOHN E. MURTAGH, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R. 52-309; 61-1
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US613288A US3415022A (en) | 1967-02-01 | 1967-02-01 | Salt water pit liner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US613288A US3415022A (en) | 1967-02-01 | 1967-02-01 | Salt water pit liner |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3415022A true US3415022A (en) | 1968-12-10 |
Family
ID=24456678
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US613288A Expired - Lifetime US3415022A (en) | 1967-02-01 | 1967-02-01 | Salt water pit liner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3415022A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3774402A (en) * | 1971-07-16 | 1973-11-27 | Occidental Petroleum Corp | Hydraulic seal for salt water ponds |
| US3940940A (en) * | 1972-08-12 | 1976-03-02 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Protection method |
| US4065924A (en) * | 1974-06-20 | 1978-01-03 | Daniel Arthur Young | Method of lining a waterway or reservoir |
| US4207017A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1980-06-10 | Jarrell Hal K | Earthen tank and liner |
| US4217739A (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1980-08-19 | Granger Jim G Jr | Grain storage bin and method of making and using the same |
| US4344722A (en) * | 1981-01-13 | 1982-08-17 | Bemalux Inc. | Waterproofing barrier |
| US4345581A (en) * | 1978-09-01 | 1982-08-24 | Solmat Systems Ltd. | Bottom construction of ponds particularly solar ponds |
| US4451173A (en) * | 1981-08-13 | 1984-05-29 | British Nuclear Fuels Limited | Storage pond |
| US4733989A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1988-03-29 | American Colloid Company | Self-healing bentonite sheet material composite drainage structure |
| US4787780A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1988-11-29 | American Colloid Company | Method of waterproofing with a self-healing bentonite sheet material composite article |
| US4934866A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-06-19 | Secondary Containment, Inc. | Secondary fluid containment method and apparatus |
| US5261766A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-11-16 | Anderson James S | Vertical bore hole system and method for waste storage and energy recovery |
| US5782582A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1998-07-21 | Cordek Limited | Filling in a hollow in the ground |
| US5810513A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-09-22 | Hoosier Group Llc | Method and apparatus for preventing trench overflows behind trench liners |
| US6126362A (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-10-03 | Carter; Timothy L. | Pressure secured liquid damming protective bank device and method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2695256A (en) * | 1952-11-12 | 1954-11-23 | Carl A Strand | Lightweight bathtub and production thereof |
| US2944264A (en) * | 1957-02-11 | 1960-07-12 | Oscar J Gagne | Prefabricated swimming pool |
| US2981308A (en) * | 1953-03-31 | 1961-04-25 | George F Shea | Apparatus for producing reinforced plastic, resinous or like structural bodies, forms, linings and coatings |
| US3015191A (en) * | 1956-12-27 | 1962-01-02 | Lucchesi Leo | Swimming pool and method for erecting same |
-
1967
- 1967-02-01 US US613288A patent/US3415022A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2695256A (en) * | 1952-11-12 | 1954-11-23 | Carl A Strand | Lightweight bathtub and production thereof |
| US2981308A (en) * | 1953-03-31 | 1961-04-25 | George F Shea | Apparatus for producing reinforced plastic, resinous or like structural bodies, forms, linings and coatings |
| US3015191A (en) * | 1956-12-27 | 1962-01-02 | Lucchesi Leo | Swimming pool and method for erecting same |
| US2944264A (en) * | 1957-02-11 | 1960-07-12 | Oscar J Gagne | Prefabricated swimming pool |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3774402A (en) * | 1971-07-16 | 1973-11-27 | Occidental Petroleum Corp | Hydraulic seal for salt water ponds |
| US3940940A (en) * | 1972-08-12 | 1976-03-02 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Protection method |
| US4065924A (en) * | 1974-06-20 | 1978-01-03 | Daniel Arthur Young | Method of lining a waterway or reservoir |
| US4207017A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1980-06-10 | Jarrell Hal K | Earthen tank and liner |
| US4217739A (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1980-08-19 | Granger Jim G Jr | Grain storage bin and method of making and using the same |
| US4345581A (en) * | 1978-09-01 | 1982-08-24 | Solmat Systems Ltd. | Bottom construction of ponds particularly solar ponds |
| US4344722A (en) * | 1981-01-13 | 1982-08-17 | Bemalux Inc. | Waterproofing barrier |
| US4451173A (en) * | 1981-08-13 | 1984-05-29 | British Nuclear Fuels Limited | Storage pond |
| US4787780A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1988-11-29 | American Colloid Company | Method of waterproofing with a self-healing bentonite sheet material composite article |
| US4733989A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1988-03-29 | American Colloid Company | Self-healing bentonite sheet material composite drainage structure |
| US4934866A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-06-19 | Secondary Containment, Inc. | Secondary fluid containment method and apparatus |
| US5261766A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-11-16 | Anderson James S | Vertical bore hole system and method for waste storage and energy recovery |
| US5782582A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1998-07-21 | Cordek Limited | Filling in a hollow in the ground |
| US5810513A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-09-22 | Hoosier Group Llc | Method and apparatus for preventing trench overflows behind trench liners |
| US6126362A (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-10-03 | Carter; Timothy L. | Pressure secured liquid damming protective bank device and method |
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