US3472432A - Coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle - Google Patents
Coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3472432A US3472432A US717033A US3472432DA US3472432A US 3472432 A US3472432 A US 3472432A US 717033 A US717033 A US 717033A US 3472432D A US3472432D A US 3472432DA US 3472432 A US3472432 A US 3472432A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- stopper head
- receptacle
- nozzle
- molten metal
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 25
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- -1 gulac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002020 sage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
- B22D41/18—Stopper-rods therefor
Definitions
- a coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle comprising a stopper head body with a coating thereon so that when the stopper head is in position closing the nozzle and molten metal is introduced into the relatively cold receptacle metal freezes in the bottom of the receptacle and against the coating of the stopper head, the coating being of friable refractory material which fragments when subjected to tensile and/or shear stresses so that when the stopper head is subsequently urged upwardly to permit outflow of molten metal through the nozzle the coating fragments, freeing the stopper head, obviating freezing of the stopper head to solidified metal in the bottom of the receptacle.
- the coating preferably comprises finely divided refractory material and a binder and may be of such consistency that it may be applied with a brush.
- the refractory material of the coating is of such character that it does not sinter at the temperature of the molten metal.
- An unfired refractory powder is preferably employed.
- the coating is formed in situ on the stopper head body.
- This invention relates to a coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle. While the invention is of wide application it has especial utility in stopper heads for bottom pour receptacles for pouring or teeming molten metal such as bottom pour ladles and tundishes used for pouring or teeming molten steel either into ingot molds or into continuous casting apparatus.
- a stopper head for a bottom pour molten steel ladle or tundish For purposes of explanation and illustration the invention will be described as applied to a stopper head for a bottom pour molten steel ladle or tundish.
- molten steel at a temperature of the order of 2900 F. is introduced into a relatively cold receptacle such as a ladle or tundish having a nozzle in its bottom which is initially closed by a stopper head (see, for example, United States Patent No. 3,352,534)
- the great difference in temperature between the incoming molten steel on the one hand and the receptacle, including the nozzle and stopper head, on the other hand is so great that some of the molten steel freezes in the bottom of the receptacle.
- a coated stopper head comprising a stopper head body with a coating thereon so that when the stopper head is in position closing the nozzle and molten metal is introduced into the relatively cold receptacle the molten metal in the bottom of the receptacle freezes against the coating of the stopper head rather than against the body of the stopper head itself;
- the coating is of friable refractory material which fragments when subjected to tensile and/ or shear stresses so that when the stopper head is subsequently urged upwardly to permit outflow of molten metal through the nozzle the coating fragments, freeing the stopper head, obviating freezing of the stopper head to solidified metal in the bottom of the receptacle.
- the coating acts in the nature of a friable shell like an egg shell sothat when the stopper head is raised the shell disintegrates into pieces allowing free movement of the stopper head without interference from the solidified steel in the bottom of the receptacle.
- the coating or shell forming material comprises finely divided refractory material and a binder and is preferably of such consistency that it may be applied with a brush.
- the refractory material is of such character that it does not sinter at the temperature of the molten metal. Unfired refractory powder is desirably employed.
- the coating or shell is formed in situ on the stopper head body.
- the friable refractory material which fragments when subjected to tensile and/or shear stresses may be of various compositions. Examples are magnesia, dolomite, magnesite, mullite, fused or unfused silica, calcined or uncalcined high alumina fire clay, titania, zirconia, zircon, graphite, clay-graphite mixtures, silicon carbide and chromite. Such material is mixed with a binder to form a slurry, mortar, dip coat or wash.
- the binder may be of various compositions, examples being dextrose, gulac, starch and phosphoric acid.
- the slurry or mixture of finely divided refractory material and binder is of such consistency that it may be applied with a brush, or it may be applied by spraying or by dipping of the stopper head body into a container of the slurry.
- the thickness of the coating may be of the order of one-fourth inch, more or less.
- a coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle comprising a stopper head body with a coating thereon so that when the stopper head is in position closing the nozzle and molten metal is introduced into the relatively cold receptacle metal freezes in the bottom of the receptacle and against the coating of the stopper head, the coating being of friable refractory material which fragments when subjected to tensile and/ or shear stresses so that when the stopper head is subsequently urged upwardly to permit outflow of molten metal through the nozzle the coating fragments, freeing the stopper head, obviating freezing of the stopper head to solidified metal in the bottom of the receptacle.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,472,432 COATED STOPPER HEAD FOR CONTROLLING OUTFLOW OF MOLTEN METAL THROUGH THE NOZZLE OF A BOTTOM POUR RECEPTACLE Ronald V. Kilgore, Coraopolis, Pa., assignor to Vesuvius Crucible Company, Swrssvale, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Filed Mar. 28, 1968, Ser. No. 717,033 Int. Cl. B22d 37/00; B65d 47/06; B67d 3/00 US. Cl. 222-541 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle comprising a stopper head body with a coating thereon so that when the stopper head is in position closing the nozzle and molten metal is introduced into the relatively cold receptacle metal freezes in the bottom of the receptacle and against the coating of the stopper head, the coating being of friable refractory material which fragments when subjected to tensile and/or shear stresses so that when the stopper head is subsequently urged upwardly to permit outflow of molten metal through the nozzle the coating fragments, freeing the stopper head, obviating freezing of the stopper head to solidified metal in the bottom of the receptacle. The coating preferably comprises finely divided refractory material and a binder and may be of such consistency that it may be applied with a brush. The refractory material of the coating is of such character that it does not sinter at the temperature of the molten metal. An unfired refractory powder is preferably employed. The coating is formed in situ on the stopper head body.
This invention relates to a coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle. While the invention is of wide application it has especial utility in stopper heads for bottom pour receptacles for pouring or teeming molten metal such as bottom pour ladles and tundishes used for pouring or teeming molten steel either into ingot molds or into continuous casting apparatus.
For purposes of explanation and illustration the invention will be described as applied to a stopper head for a bottom pour molten steel ladle or tundish. When molten steel at a temperature of the order of 2900 F. is introduced into a relatively cold receptacle such as a ladle or tundish having a nozzle in its bottom which is initially closed by a stopper head (see, for example, United States Patent No. 3,352,534) the great difference in temperature between the incoming molten steel on the one hand and the receptacle, including the nozzle and stopper head, on the other hand is so great that some of the molten steel freezes in the bottom of the receptacle. This is a phenomenon well known to those skilled in the art which has existed since the inception of the use of bottom pour receptacles for handling molten steel. The solidified or frozen steel in the bottom of the receptacle freezes against the stopper head rendering difiicult or impossible the raising of the stopper head to permit outflow of molten steel through the nozzle in the bottom of the receptacle. The result is damage to the stopper head in any effort to free it from the frozen steel which in turn makes impossible optimum control of outflow of steel from the receptacle and in many cases results in inability to shut off the flow at all once the stopper head is unseated.
Various efforts have been made to solve the problem but prior to my invention none has been fully successful. For example, materials such as sand or lead have 3,472,432 Patented Oct. 14, 1969 been introduced around the stopper head at the upper portion of the nozzle in an attempt to provide a temporary barrier between the stopper head and the initial increment of molten steel entering the receptacle. Such pro cedures are diificult and cumbersome due to the temperature of a preheated receptacle which may be of the order of several hundred degrees Fahrenheit. Moreover they have not satisfactorily prevented the molten steel from freezing against the stopper head, and the introduction of such foreign materials is detrimental to the quality of the steel.
I have solved the problem by providing a coated stopper head comprising a stopper head body with a coating thereon so that when the stopper head is in position closing the nozzle and molten metal is introduced into the relatively cold receptacle the molten metal in the bottom of the receptacle freezes against the coating of the stopper head rather than against the body of the stopper head itself; the coating is of friable refractory material which fragments when subjected to tensile and/ or shear stresses so that when the stopper head is subsequently urged upwardly to permit outflow of molten metal through the nozzle the coating fragments, freeing the stopper head, obviating freezing of the stopper head to solidified metal in the bottom of the receptacle. The coating acts in the nature of a friable shell like an egg shell sothat when the stopper head is raised the shell disintegrates into pieces allowing free movement of the stopper head without interference from the solidified steel in the bottom of the receptacle.
The coating or shell forming material comprises finely divided refractory material and a binder and is preferably of such consistency that it may be applied with a brush. The refractory material is of such character that it does not sinter at the temperature of the molten metal. Unfired refractory powder is desirably employed. The coating or shell is formed in situ on the stopper head body.
The friable refractory material which fragments when subjected to tensile and/or shear stresses may be of various compositions. Examples are magnesia, dolomite, magnesite, mullite, fused or unfused silica, calcined or uncalcined high alumina fire clay, titania, zirconia, zircon, graphite, clay-graphite mixtures, silicon carbide and chromite. Such material is mixed with a binder to form a slurry, mortar, dip coat or wash. The binder may be of various compositions, examples being dextrose, gulac, starch and phosphoric acid. The slurry or mixture of finely divided refractory material and binder is of such consistency that it may be applied with a brush, or it may be applied by spraying or by dipping of the stopper head body into a container of the slurry. The thickness of the coating may be of the order of one-fourth inch, more or less.
When the molten steel is introduced into the receptacle that portion of it which solidifies in the bottom of the receptacle freezes against the coating or shell which 'protects the body of the stopper head from the frozen metal so that the stopper head may be lifted without interference from the frozen metal, the coating or shell fragmenting or disintegrating and passing out through the nozzle with the molten steel and either being consumed or ultimately forming part of the slag which may be separated from the molten steel.
While I have described certain present preferred embodiments of the invention it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. A coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle comprising a stopper head body with a coating thereon so that when the stopper head is in position closing the nozzle and molten metal is introduced into the relatively cold receptacle metal freezes in the bottom of the receptacle and against the coating of the stopper head, the coating being of friable refractory material which fragments when subjected to tensile and/ or shear stresses so that when the stopper head is subsequently urged upwardly to permit outflow of molten metal through the nozzle the coating fragments, freeing the stopper head, obviating freezing of the stopper head to solidified metal in the bottom of the receptacle.
2. A coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle as claimed in claim 1 in which the coating comprises finely divided refractory material and a binder and is of such consistency that it may be applied with a brush.
3. A coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle as claimed in claim 1 in which the coating comprises refractory material which does not sinter at the temperature of the molten metal.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 675,372 6/1901 Brooks 22254l X 1,585,002 5/1926 Williams i222559 1,732,282 10/1929 Sage 222541 X 2,066,947 1/1937 Remington et a1. 222541 X 3,124,854 3/1964 Dore 222559 X SAMUEL F. COLEMAN, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 222559
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71703368A | 1968-03-28 | 1968-03-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3472432A true US3472432A (en) | 1969-10-14 |
Family
ID=24880434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US717033A Expired - Lifetime US3472432A (en) | 1968-03-28 | 1968-03-28 | Coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3472432A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1903337B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1182218A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3838798A (en) * | 1971-01-21 | 1974-10-01 | Leco Corp | Porous tundish nozzle |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2123726A (en) * | 1982-07-01 | 1984-02-08 | James Menzies Thornton | Ladle etc. stopper |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US675372A (en) * | 1900-09-13 | 1901-06-04 | Russia Cement Company | Collapsible tube. |
| US1585002A (en) * | 1924-02-19 | 1926-05-18 | Williams Herman Pengelly | Pouring device |
| US1732282A (en) * | 1927-07-13 | 1929-10-22 | Sage Herbert Roy | Container for liquids |
| US2066947A (en) * | 1935-05-16 | 1937-01-05 | Peerless Tube Company | Collapsible tube |
| US3124854A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | James |
-
1968
- 1968-03-28 US US717033A patent/US3472432A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-09-20 GB GB44943/68A patent/GB1182218A/en not_active Expired
-
1969
- 1969-01-23 DE DE19691903337 patent/DE1903337B1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3124854A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | James | ||
| US675372A (en) * | 1900-09-13 | 1901-06-04 | Russia Cement Company | Collapsible tube. |
| US1585002A (en) * | 1924-02-19 | 1926-05-18 | Williams Herman Pengelly | Pouring device |
| US1732282A (en) * | 1927-07-13 | 1929-10-22 | Sage Herbert Roy | Container for liquids |
| US2066947A (en) * | 1935-05-16 | 1937-01-05 | Peerless Tube Company | Collapsible tube |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3838798A (en) * | 1971-01-21 | 1974-10-01 | Leco Corp | Porous tundish nozzle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1182218A (en) | 1970-02-25 |
| DE1903337B1 (en) | 1970-02-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3395840A (en) | Nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal | |
| US3465811A (en) | Plants for the continuous casting of steel | |
| EP1052233A4 (en) | Alumina-magnesia-graphite type refractory | |
| US3230056A (en) | Casting steel ingots | |
| US3962492A (en) | Method of protecting refractory lining in containers for molten metal | |
| US4623131A (en) | Molten metal handling vessels | |
| US3472432A (en) | Coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle | |
| JPS6099462A (en) | Molten metal discharge device | |
| US3196504A (en) | Cast nozzle inserts | |
| US4785979A (en) | Flow control nozzle for bottom-pour ladles | |
| US4549677A (en) | Casting of aluminium-killed steels | |
| US3847312A (en) | Molten metal pouring valve having valve actuator extending through inclined channel | |
| US3554489A (en) | Coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle | |
| US4854550A (en) | Stopper for retaining slag and process for implementation and manufacture thereof | |
| US3549124A (en) | Coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle | |
| US3094424A (en) | Sintered refractory material | |
| CA1077674A (en) | Method of starting a pour in continuous casting plant and an arrangement for performing the method | |
| US4909484A (en) | Prevention of slag buildup in steel ladles | |
| JPH11123509A (en) | Immersion nozzle for continuous casting | |
| US4936553A (en) | Method for retaining slag during the discharge of molten metal from a vessel | |
| US4900603A (en) | Refractory, heat insulating articles | |
| GB1391714A (en) | Downward-discharge vessels for molten material | |
| US3354940A (en) | Continuous casting apparatus with improved nozzle composition | |
| GB2083896A (en) | Refractory blocks for metal pouring vessels | |
| US3477682A (en) | Ingot mold with hot top and refractory lining for inducing progressive axial solidification |