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US3329544A - Method of producing filter cores - Google Patents

Method of producing filter cores Download PDF

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Publication number
US3329544A
US3329544A US193353A US19335362A US3329544A US 3329544 A US3329544 A US 3329544A US 193353 A US193353 A US 193353A US 19335362 A US19335362 A US 19335362A US 3329544 A US3329544 A US 3329544A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
blowing agent
enlargements
irregular
rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US193353A
Inventor
Smith Brian
Davey Frederick Peter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cigarette Components Ltd
Original Assignee
Cigarette Components Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB1727661A external-priority patent/GB941082A/en
Application filed by Cigarette Components Ltd filed Critical Cigarette Components Ltd
Priority claimed from US446278A external-priority patent/US3249991A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3329544A publication Critical patent/US3329544A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/027—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for connecting conductors by clips

Definitions

  • the method according to this invention comprises the steps of extruding through a plurality of die orifices a mass of thermoplastic material containing a thermally labile blowing agent to produce a plurality of filaments having small bubbles for-med therein by the thermally labile blowing agent and, while the filaments are still in a soft condition, first permitting the bubbles to expand so as to form irregular enlargements of the cross-section of the filaments at intervals along their lengths and then gathering the filaments together to form a filter rod in which enlarged parts of adjoining filaments adhere together at intervals along the lengths of the said filaments.
  • the filaments will normally be gathered together in one stage to form a cylindrical filter rod, but alternatively the filaments may be formed into a coherent tape which is subsequently gathered and bundled to form the required filter rod.
  • the rod or tape may-be subjected to cooling, e.g. water cooling, in order to cause the material of the interadhering filaments to act. If necessary, the setting of the material, after it has been formed into a rod or tape, may be accelerated by water cooling.
  • cooling e.g. water cooling
  • the filter rod so formed may be subsequently wrapped in known manner with paper and cut to length to form filter plugs.
  • the filtering action obtained with such a filter plug is due to the irregular surfaces of the filaments presenting points of impact to the passage of smoke upon which dispersed materials, both liquid and solids, are deposited.
  • filter cores according to the invention are their considerably enhanced efiiciency weight-for-weight as compared with filter cores produced from conventional filaments. This means that for .a given filtering effect in a cigarette a much smaller weight of filter medium is required. Apart from considerations of economy, this is a valuable feature in countries where duty is charged on the total weight of cigarettes inclusive of any filter.
  • polyolefines such as polyethylene
  • polyethylene chips containing a thermally labile blowing agent is at the present time a readily available article of commerce which can be directly used as a starting material for the production of filter cores according to the invention.
  • the size of the irregular enlargements of the filaments is dependent mainly on the rate of extrusion of the material, the temperature of the filaments at the extrusion orifices, the take off rate and the amount of blowing agent incorporated in the filaments. It will be appreciated that, if the extruded filaments are unduly stretched, the irregular enlargements will tend to become reduced in size.
  • the adhesion between enlargements on adjoining filaments may be improved by extruding the filaments through closely spaced apertures.
  • Example 1 A quantity of polyethylene chips containing a blowing agent, as sold commercially for the production of foamed polyethylene, is extruded in a screw extrusion press at a temperature of 200 C. through a die plate having orifices each of 0.38 mm. diameter, the pressure behind the die plate being between 300 and 40 lbs/sq. inch.
  • the extruded material is in the form of filaments containing a large number of small bubbles having a maximum dimension small in relation to the diameter of the filaments. These bubbles are then allowed to expand, the material of the filaments still being hot, so that each filament acquires a large number of irregular enlargements. These enlargements are formed by discontinuous bubbles of irregular shape.
  • the inflated filaments while still hot and soft, are led on to a moving conveyor band of flexible material which is then passed through a tubular guide, thus gathering the filaments into a coherent rod.
  • the rod is then wrapped with paper on a conventional machine and cut into lengths to form filter plugs.
  • a filter rod produced by this method has the following properties:
  • Example 2 The low density polyethylene containing a blowing agent is extruded through a die with 250 holes of 0.005 inch diameter, which would give a theoretical filament denier of 70.
  • the material swells on emerging from the spinnerette and is thereafter stretched to reduce its diameter. Owing to the low strength of the bubble-containing filaments this stretching is kept to the minimum compatible with the denier required and for this reason the die orifice is much smaller than that used in conventional filament extrusion, where the orifice diameter may be 0.01 inch or larger (and only about 50 orifices are employed in the die plate). Bubbles form in the filaments and the filaments while still in a semi-molten state are brought together to form a rod whereupon the filaments adhere to each other at random points to form a coherent structure.
  • thermoplastic material which cannot be obtained commercially with a blowing agent already incorporated
  • thermoplastic material which cannot be obtained commercially with a blowing agent already incorporated
  • NN-dinitroso-NN-dimethylterephthalamide may be used as a blowing agent.
  • a method of producing a filter core comprising the steps of:
  • thermoplastic material is a polyolefine.
  • thermoplastic material is blended with NN-dinitroso-NN-dimethylterephthalamide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,329,544 METHOD OF PRODUCING FILTER CORES Brian Smith, Pinner, and Frederick Peter Davey, Harrow, England, assignors to Cigarette Components Limited, London, England, a British company No Drawing. Filed May 7, 1962, Ser. No. 193,353 Claims priority, application Great Britain, May 11, 1961, 17,276/61 5 Claims. (156-167) The present invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to cigarette filters and has for its object to provide a relatively inexpensive method of producing a filter core which is of light weight in relation to its volume.
The method according to this invention comprises the steps of extruding through a plurality of die orifices a mass of thermoplastic material containing a thermally labile blowing agent to produce a plurality of filaments having small bubbles for-med therein by the thermally labile blowing agent and, while the filaments are still in a soft condition, first permitting the bubbles to expand so as to form irregular enlargements of the cross-section of the filaments at intervals along their lengths and then gathering the filaments together to form a filter rod in which enlarged parts of adjoining filaments adhere together at intervals along the lengths of the said filaments.
All the filaments will normally be gathered together in one stage to form a cylindrical filter rod, but alternatively the filaments may be formed into a coherent tape which is subsequently gathered and bundled to form the required filter rod.
After the filaments have been caused to adhere together, either in the form of a filter rod or in the form of a tape, the rod or tape may-be subjected to cooling, e.g. water cooling, in order to cause the material of the interadhering filaments to act. If necessary, the setting of the material, after it has been formed into a rod or tape, may be accelerated by water cooling.
The filter rod so formed may be subsequently wrapped in known manner with paper and cut to length to form filter plugs.
The filtering action obtained with such a filter plug is due to the irregular surfaces of the filaments presenting points of impact to the passage of smoke upon which dispersed materials, both liquid and solids, are deposited.
One outstanding advantage of the filter cores according to the invention is their considerably enhanced efiiciency weight-for-weight as compared with filter cores produced from conventional filaments. This means that for .a given filtering effect in a cigarette a much smaller weight of filter medium is required. Apart from considerations of economy, this is a valuable feature in countries where duty is charged on the total weight of cigarettes inclusive of any filter.
It has been found that polyolefines, such as polyethylene, are particularly well suited to the purposes of the present invention and highly satisfactory results can be obtained with these resins. It is also convenient that polyethylene chips containing a thermally labile blowing agent is at the present time a readily available article of commerce which can be directly used as a starting material for the production of filter cores according to the invention.
It has been found that the pressure required to extrude synthetic materials incorporating a blowing agent is much lower than that required to extrude like thermoplastic 3,329,544 Patented July 4, 1967 materials incorporating no blowing agent. Consequently, the die plate need have only a correspondingly small thickmess, with the result that the cost of drilling the orifices therein is substantially reduced. Further, the power required to extrude the filaments is substantially reduced.
The size of the irregular enlargements of the filaments is dependent mainly on the rate of extrusion of the material, the temperature of the filaments at the extrusion orifices, the take off rate and the amount of blowing agent incorporated in the filaments. It will be appreciated that, if the extruded filaments are unduly stretched, the irregular enlargements will tend to become reduced in size.
The adhesion between enlargements on adjoining filaments may be improved by extruding the filaments through closely spaced apertures.
Two examples of the production of filter cores according to the invention will now be described:
Example 1 A quantity of polyethylene chips containing a blowing agent, as sold commercially for the production of foamed polyethylene, is extruded in a screw extrusion press at a temperature of 200 C. through a die plate having orifices each of 0.38 mm. diameter, the pressure behind the die plate being between 300 and 40 lbs/sq. inch. The extruded material is in the form of filaments containing a large number of small bubbles having a maximum dimension small in relation to the diameter of the filaments. These bubbles are then allowed to expand, the material of the filaments still being hot, so that each filament acquires a large number of irregular enlargements. These enlargements are formed by discontinuous bubbles of irregular shape. The inflated filaments, while still hot and soft, are led on to a moving conveyor band of flexible material which is then passed through a tubular guide, thus gathering the filaments into a coherent rod. The rod is then wrapped with paper on a conventional machine and cut into lengths to form filter plugs.
A filter rod produced by this method has the following properties:
Filament density 0.6 g./cc.
Filament denier 725.
Dimensions of filter rod 66 mm. x 7.5 mm.
Pressure drop across length of rod 2.5 cm. water gauge (at a flow rate of 17.5 cc./ sec.).
Example 2 The low density polyethylene containing a blowing agent is extruded through a die with 250 holes of 0.005 inch diameter, which would give a theoretical filament denier of 70. The material swells on emerging from the spinnerette and is thereafter stretched to reduce its diameter. Owing to the low strength of the bubble-containing filaments this stretching is kept to the minimum compatible with the denier required and for this reason the die orifice is much smaller than that used in conventional filament extrusion, where the orifice diameter may be 0.01 inch or larger (and only about 50 orifices are employed in the die plate). Bubbles form in the filaments and the filaments while still in a semi-molten state are brought together to form a rod whereupon the filaments adhere to each other at random points to form a coherent structure.
The following are the properties of a filter rod so produced as compared with a corresponding rod produced from unfoamed polyethylene:
S heating and extruding a mass of thermoplastic material containing a thermally labile blowing agent through a plurality of die orifices to produce a plurality of filaments having small bubbles formed therein by the 5 blowing agent;
maintaining said extruded filaments in a soft condition to permit said bubbles to expand in order to form irregular enlargements of said filaments along their lengths; and subsequently while said filaments are still in a soft condition, compacting said filaments into rod form thereby causing said filaments to fuse together at points corresponding to said irregular enlargements. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the irregularly enlarged filaments are first formed into a coherent While the preferred starting material is polyethylene chips with a blowing agent incorporated in them, other synthetic materials incorporating a blowing agent may be used. In order that they should be capable of being extruded at a relatively low pressure and in order that the bubbles should be able to be formed without the need for incorporating an excessive quantity of the blowing agent, such materials, when molten, should not be highly viscous. In general, materials which are crystalline are to be preferred, because the filaments produced from them are strong, but strong filaments are not essential. In fact, filaments of materials, such as polyethylene already referred to, which are weaker than those normally used for textile materials can be used with advantage. Examples of synthetic materials which could be used instead of polyethylene include polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene.
Where it is desired to use a thermoplastic material which cannot be obtained commercially with a blowing agent already incorporated, it is possible to incorporate the latter by reducing the particle size of the thermoplastic material as far as practicable and blending the powdered blowing agent with it. In such a case NN-dinitroso-NN-dimethylterephthalamide may be used as a blowing agent.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of producing a filter core comprising the steps of:
tape which is subsequently gathered and bundled to form a rod.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is a polyolefine.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is blended with NN-dinitroso-NN-dimethylterephthalamide.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of each die orifice is of the order of 0.005 inch (0.125 mm.)
References Cited EARL M. BERGERT, Primary Examiner.
J. P. MELOCHE, Assistant Examiner.
MELVIN D. REIN, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF PRODUCING A FILTER CORE COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: HEATING AND EXTRUDING A MASS OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL CONTAINING A THERMALLY LABILE BLOWING AGENT THROUGH A PLURALITY OF DIE ORIFICES TO PRODUCE A PLURALITY OF FILAMENTS HAVING SMALL BUBBLES FORMED THEREIN BY THE BLOWING AGENT; MAINTAINING SAID EXTRUDED FILAMENTS IN A SOFT CONDITION TO PERMIT SAID BUBBLES TO EXPAND IN ORDER TO FORM IRREGULAR ENLARGEMENTS OF SAID FILAMENTS ALONG THEIR LENGTHS; AND SUBSEQUENTLY WHILE SAID FILAMENTS ARE STILL IN A SOFT CONDITION, COMPACTING SAID FILAMENTS INTO ROD FORM THEREBY CAUSING SAID FILAMENTS TO FUSE TOGETHER AT POINTS CORRESPONDING TO SAID IRREGULAR ENLARGEMENTS.
US193353A 1961-05-11 1962-05-07 Method of producing filter cores Expired - Lifetime US3329544A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1727661A GB941082A (en) 1961-05-11 1961-05-11 Improvements in or relating to cigarette filters
US446278A US3249991A (en) 1965-04-07 1965-04-07 Assembling apparatus

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779787A (en) * 1970-10-07 1973-12-18 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Method for producing tobacco-smoke filters
US3800808A (en) * 1971-11-26 1974-04-02 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Tobacco smoke filter
US4546040A (en) * 1983-06-09 1985-10-08 Vyskummy ustav chemickych claken Cigarette filter and method of manufacture
US4903714A (en) * 1987-08-25 1990-02-27 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article with improved mouthend piece
US4961415A (en) * 1987-01-16 1990-10-09 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Controlled draft and efficiency filter element for smoking articles
US5538019A (en) * 1993-11-03 1996-07-23 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Spunbond cigarette filter

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB749340A (en) * 1953-06-30 1956-05-23 Algemene Kunstzijde Unie Nv Improved cigarette filter and process for manufacturing same
US2780228A (en) * 1954-03-03 1957-02-05 Eastman Kodak Co Filters for tobacco smoke comprising cellulose esters and ethers
US2805671A (en) * 1953-10-07 1957-09-10 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co Aerosol filters
US2966157A (en) * 1957-06-07 1960-12-27 Eastman Kodak Co Polyolefin tobacco smoke filters
US3025130A (en) * 1959-02-03 1962-03-13 Celanese Corp Wet spinning of low density cellulose acetate filaments
US3144025A (en) * 1960-04-25 1964-08-11 Reeves Bros Inc Tobacco smoke filters
US3192170A (en) * 1959-02-10 1965-06-29 Bayer Ag Blowing agent and foamable resinous composition containing same
US3214234A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-10-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Oriented foamed polyolefin extrudates and the production and dyeing of the same

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB749340A (en) * 1953-06-30 1956-05-23 Algemene Kunstzijde Unie Nv Improved cigarette filter and process for manufacturing same
US2805671A (en) * 1953-10-07 1957-09-10 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co Aerosol filters
US2780228A (en) * 1954-03-03 1957-02-05 Eastman Kodak Co Filters for tobacco smoke comprising cellulose esters and ethers
US2966157A (en) * 1957-06-07 1960-12-27 Eastman Kodak Co Polyolefin tobacco smoke filters
US3025130A (en) * 1959-02-03 1962-03-13 Celanese Corp Wet spinning of low density cellulose acetate filaments
US3192170A (en) * 1959-02-10 1965-06-29 Bayer Ag Blowing agent and foamable resinous composition containing same
US3144025A (en) * 1960-04-25 1964-08-11 Reeves Bros Inc Tobacco smoke filters
US3214234A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-10-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Oriented foamed polyolefin extrudates and the production and dyeing of the same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779787A (en) * 1970-10-07 1973-12-18 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Method for producing tobacco-smoke filters
US3800808A (en) * 1971-11-26 1974-04-02 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Tobacco smoke filter
US4546040A (en) * 1983-06-09 1985-10-08 Vyskummy ustav chemickych claken Cigarette filter and method of manufacture
US4961415A (en) * 1987-01-16 1990-10-09 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Controlled draft and efficiency filter element for smoking articles
US4903714A (en) * 1987-08-25 1990-02-27 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article with improved mouthend piece
US5538019A (en) * 1993-11-03 1996-07-23 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Spunbond cigarette filter

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