US3309250A - Temperature resistant explosive containing titanium and alkali metal perchlorate - Google Patents
Temperature resistant explosive containing titanium and alkali metal perchlorate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3309250A US3309250A US442554A US44255465A US3309250A US 3309250 A US3309250 A US 3309250A US 442554 A US442554 A US 442554A US 44255465 A US44255465 A US 44255465A US 3309250 A US3309250 A US 3309250A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- temperature resistant
- alkali metal
- explosive
- containing titanium
- titanium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910001485 alkali metal perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/06—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
- C06B29/04—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal with an inorganic non-explosive or an inorganic non-thermic component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
- Y10S149/113—Inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
- Y10S149/114—Inorganic fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to temperature resistant explosives and particularly to a high explosive composition which is stable without melting to above 700 F.
- Explosives are conveniently divided into tWo main categories, the high explosive or detonating explosive, and the low explosive or nondetonating explosive which is used as a propellant.
- High explosives are normally initiate-d by a blow from a detonator which is the only practical method of providing a shock of sufficient intensity to initiate the severe processes of detonation, Whereas propellant or 'defla-grating explosives are initiated by thermal means such as a flame. Because of the long periods of storage to which high explosives are subjected and because of the adverse conditions to which they may be exposed, explosives must be as stable as possible.
- TNT trinitrotoluene
- RDX cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine
- HMX cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
- Another object is to provide a composition which has temperature stability above 700 F.
- a further object is the provision of an explosive which will support a detonation wave of from 2500 to over 3000 meters per second.
- Still another object is to provide a temperature resistant explosive which is relatively economical to manufacture and is comparatively safe to handle.
- the fine powders (less than 20g particle size) were screened and dry blended, then loaded into preforrns about 4.5 inches in diameter.
- the composition having a density of about 1.4 g./ cc. supported a detonation wave up to 3000 meters per second. Particle size affects the rate of detonation and particles of up to 20 microns proved successful.
- Another batch comprising 12.5 percent by weight titanium powder and 87.5 percent by weight potassium perchlorate was mixed and loaded into a five inch pre- 'ice form. It consistently supported a detonation wave in the range of 2700 to 3000 meters per second and did not melt below 800 F.
- sodium perchlorate is similar to potassium perchlorate in chemical structure, it may also be used with titanium powder within the same molar ratios established with the potassium perchlorate; namely, two moles of sodium perchlorate to one mole of titanium.
- a temperature resistant explosive comprising one mole of titanium and two moles of oxidizer
- said oxidizer being a member selected from the group consisting of potassium perchlorate and sodium perchlorate.
- a temperature resistant explosive comprising the following ingredients:
- a temperature resistant explosive comprising the following ingredients:
- a temperature resistant explosive comprising the following ingredients:
- Titanium 14 Potassium perchlorate 86 References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 9/1934 Decker et al. 14942 X 8/1935 Becker et al. 14942 X References Cited by the Applicant UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,369,517 2/1945 Ba gley. 3,019,687 2/1962 Gongwer. 3,120,459 2/1964 Coates et al.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,309,250 TEMPERATURE RESISTANT EXPLOSIVE CON- TAINING TITANIUM AND ALKALI METAL PERCHLORATE Charles W. Falterman, China Lake, William J. Griffith, lnyokern, and Harold J. Gryting, Ridgecrest, Calif., assignors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy No Drawing. Filed Mar. 24, 1965, Ser. No. 442,554 5 Claims. (Cl. 149-42) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for govern-mental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
The present invention relates to temperature resistant explosives and particularly to a high explosive composition which is stable without melting to above 700 F.
Explosives are conveniently divided into tWo main categories, the high explosive or detonating explosive, and the low explosive or nondetonating explosive which is used as a propellant. High explosives are normally initiate-d by a blow from a detonator which is the only practical method of providing a shock of sufficient intensity to initiate the severe processes of detonation, Whereas propellant or 'defla-grating explosives are initiated by thermal means such as a flame. Because of the long periods of storage to which high explosives are subjected and because of the adverse conditions to which they may be exposed, explosives must be as stable as possible. In the field of high explosives those containing trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) or cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) have athermal stability in the region of 300500 F. The present invention is for a heat resistant explosive the components of which have a thermal stability considerably above those known.
It is an object of this invention to provide an explosive for use in the warheads of missiles.
Another object is to provide a composition which has temperature stability above 700 F.
A further object is the provision of an explosive which will support a detonation wave of from 2500 to over 3000 meters per second.
Still another object is to provide a temperature resistant explosive which is relatively economical to manufacture and is comparatively safe to handle.
Many other objects, features and attendant advantages of this invention will become readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following description.
The present explosive composition which supports a detonation wave of about 3000 meters per second and is thermally stable above 700 F. comprises about one mole of titanium powder and about two moles of powdered potassium perchlorate. The fine powders (less than 20g particle size) were screened and dry blended, then loaded into preforrns about 4.5 inches in diameter. The composition having a density of about 1.4 g./ cc. supported a detonation wave up to 3000 meters per second. Particle size affects the rate of detonation and particles of up to 20 microns proved successful.
'One batch of the explosive consisting of 14 percent by weight titanium powder and 86 percent by weight potassium perchlorate exhibited thermal stability to above 700 F., and loaded into a preform five inches in diameter supported a detonation wave of over 3000 meters per second. It did not melt below 800 F. and the standard autoignition temperature was about 850 F.
Another batch comprising 12.5 percent by weight titanium powder and 87.5 percent by weight potassium perchlorate was mixed and loaded into a five inch pre- 'ice form. It consistently supported a detonation wave in the range of 2700 to 3000 meters per second and did not melt below 800 F.
It was found that the percentage composition is critical to this invention. A composition containing from 11 to 14 percent by weight titanium .is detonatable with potassium perchlorate. Amounts of titanium over 16 percent by weight would burn with a powerful oxidizer such as potassium perchlorate but would not detonate. Other metals and fuels were substituted for the titanium, but failed to support the shock wave under experimental conditions. These materials included magnesium, aluminum, boron and carbon.
Because sodium perchlorate is similar to potassium perchlorate in chemical structure, it may also be used with titanium powder within the same molar ratios established with the potassium perchlorate; namely, two moles of sodium perchlorate to one mole of titanium.
Modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the .invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed isz 1. A temperature resistant explosive comprising one mole of titanium and two moles of oxidizer;
said oxidizer being a member selected from the group consisting of potassium perchlorate and sodium perchlorate.
2. A temperature resistant explosive comprising the following ingredients:
Percent by wt. Titanium 11-14 Potassium perchlorate 86-89 3. A temperature resistant explosive comprising the following ingredients:
Percent by wt.
Titanium 12.5
Potassium perchlorate 87.5
4. A temperature resistant explosive comprising the following ingredients:
Percent by wt.
Titanium 14 Potassium perchlorate 86 References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 9/1934 Decker et al. 14942 X 8/1935 Becker et al. 14942 X References Cited by the Applicant UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,369,517 2/1945 Ba gley. 3,019,687 2/1962 Gongwer. 3,120,459 2/1964 Coates et al.
CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner.
BENJAMIN R. PADGETT, Examiner.
S. J. LECHERT, 1a., Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A TEMPERATURE RESISTANT EXPLOSIVE COMPRISING ONE MOLE OF TITANIUM AND TWO MOLES OF OXIDIZER; SAID OXIDIZER BEING A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE AND SODIUM PERCHLORATE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US442554A US3309250A (en) | 1965-03-24 | 1965-03-24 | Temperature resistant explosive containing titanium and alkali metal perchlorate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US442554A US3309250A (en) | 1965-03-24 | 1965-03-24 | Temperature resistant explosive containing titanium and alkali metal perchlorate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3309250A true US3309250A (en) | 1967-03-14 |
Family
ID=23757245
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US442554A Expired - Lifetime US3309250A (en) | 1965-03-24 | 1965-03-24 | Temperature resistant explosive containing titanium and alkali metal perchlorate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3309250A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3712223A (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1973-01-23 | R Degn | Pyrotechnic, whistle, and method of making |
| US3960083A (en) * | 1975-03-06 | 1976-06-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research & Development Administration | Igniter containing titanium hydride and potassium perchlorate |
| CH664554A5 (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1988-03-15 | Oerlikon Buehrle Ag | Ignition powder mixt. for solid propellant reinforcing charge - contg. inorganic. fuel and excess inorganic oxidant to generate oxygen and prevent hang fire in cold |
| EP0763511A3 (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 1997-05-07 | Morton Int Inc | Igniter compositions for non-azide gas generants |
| EP0902773A4 (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2000-05-24 | Talley Defence Systems Inc | Autoignition composition |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1974015A (en) * | 1932-03-22 | 1934-09-18 | Joseph B Decker | Pyrotechnic device |
| US2012866A (en) * | 1932-03-12 | 1935-08-27 | Joseph B Decker | Pyrotechnic composition |
| US2369517A (en) * | 1942-03-16 | 1945-02-13 | Dev Engineering Company | Explosive material |
| US3019687A (en) * | 1952-09-11 | 1962-02-06 | Aerojet General Co | Method of forming a solid propellant |
| US3120459A (en) * | 1959-11-20 | 1964-02-04 | Arthur D Coates | Composite incendiary powder containing metal coated oxidizing salts |
-
1965
- 1965-03-24 US US442554A patent/US3309250A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2012866A (en) * | 1932-03-12 | 1935-08-27 | Joseph B Decker | Pyrotechnic composition |
| US1974015A (en) * | 1932-03-22 | 1934-09-18 | Joseph B Decker | Pyrotechnic device |
| US2369517A (en) * | 1942-03-16 | 1945-02-13 | Dev Engineering Company | Explosive material |
| US3019687A (en) * | 1952-09-11 | 1962-02-06 | Aerojet General Co | Method of forming a solid propellant |
| US3120459A (en) * | 1959-11-20 | 1964-02-04 | Arthur D Coates | Composite incendiary powder containing metal coated oxidizing salts |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3712223A (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1973-01-23 | R Degn | Pyrotechnic, whistle, and method of making |
| US3960083A (en) * | 1975-03-06 | 1976-06-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research & Development Administration | Igniter containing titanium hydride and potassium perchlorate |
| CH664554A5 (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1988-03-15 | Oerlikon Buehrle Ag | Ignition powder mixt. for solid propellant reinforcing charge - contg. inorganic. fuel and excess inorganic oxidant to generate oxygen and prevent hang fire in cold |
| EP0763511A3 (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 1997-05-07 | Morton Int Inc | Igniter compositions for non-azide gas generants |
| EP0902773A4 (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2000-05-24 | Talley Defence Systems Inc | Autoignition composition |
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