US3357869A - Method of heat-treating steel machine parts - Google Patents
Method of heat-treating steel machine parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3357869A US3357869A US430242A US43024265A US3357869A US 3357869 A US3357869 A US 3357869A US 430242 A US430242 A US 430242A US 43024265 A US43024265 A US 43024265A US 3357869 A US3357869 A US 3357869A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- zone
- hardening
- heat
- machine parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical group OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical class N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- An object of the present invention is to increase the contact strength and wear resistance of machine parts by providing an advantageous combination of strength properties with a high fatigue strength.
- This object is achieved by supplying into a zone of heating for hardening such substances that make it possible to carry out the processes of nitride hardening simultaneously with surface hardening.
- machine parts made of a lower hardenability carbon steel i.e., from a steel having the radius of the semi-martensitic zone (transition region consisting of equal parts of martensite and troostite) from 6 to mm. and containing about 0.4 to 0.7 percent carbon, to induction heating for hardening with the simultaneous supply into the heating zone of carbonand nitrogen-containing substances in a gaseous, liquid and solid state, more particularly a mixture of ammonia with the methane, kerosene, synthol or solid pastes with cyano-containing salts.
- a lower hardenability carbon steel i.e., from a steel having the radius of the semi-martensitic zone (transition region consisting of equal parts of martensite and troostite) from 6 to mm. and containing about 0.4 to 0.7 percent carbon
- Said materials are supplied into the heating zone in the following way: gaseous substances are pressure supplied from a pipe-line or a tank; liquid substances are supplied by means of a dropper or a plunger atomizer; solid substances are applied directly onto the part being treated.
- parts When heating by induction, parts are to be held at a temperature below the grain growth level, and consequently below the hardenability increase level, for example, at 830 to 850 C. On completion of the heating, parts are cooled at a fast rate, for example, by means of a water shower.
- the described heat-treatment results in the surface hardening of parts to a depth, which is determined by the depth of hardenability of a steel employed, usually from 1 to 2 mm., and the saturation of the surface layer with carbon and nitrogen.
- hardened zones of three kinds develop in parts, such as: a thin surface layer of nitride hardening 0.02 to 0.1 mm., having the hardness number of 67 to 70 R (1000 to 1200 H.,); a subsequent layer of surface hardening 1 to 2 mm. deep, having the hardness number of 58 to 62 R and a hardened core, having the hardness number of 30 to 35 R
- the thin surface layer, as obtained by the nitride hardening, together with the martensite layer of the surface hardening insure a high contact strength protecting the part against the wear and the contact breaking off.
- the surface-hardened layer together with the hardened core provide for the high static and fatigue strength. The presence of a hardening which is not completely through the part sets up internal compressive stresses, thus increasing the fatigue strength.
- Gears of the modulus equal to 4.23 m., 178 mm. in diameter, having the axial depth of teeth equal to 25 mm., are manufactured of a lower hardenability steel with a carbon content of 0.4 to'0.45 percent and critical semimartensite diameter of 6 to 9 mm.
- the gears are subjected to induction heating for hardening at a temperature of 850 C. with the isothermal holding for seconds.
- Said treatment results in the formation on the surface of a part of a layer of nitride hardening 0.05 to 0.1 mm. deep having the hardness number of 67 to 68 R (1000 to 1100 H a layer of surface hardening 1.2 to 1.8 mm. deep having the hardness number of 60 to 62 R and a hardened core having the hardness number of 30 to 35 R
- the optimum combination of the hardness of the surface layer and of the impact strength of the core makes it possible to manufacture parts of complicated shape, the strength characteristics of which exceed those of the parts hardened by means of the methods known hitherto.
- Method of heat-treating machine parts comprising manufacturing said parts from a lower hardenability steel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,357,869 METHOD OF HEAT-TREATING STEEL MACHINE PARTS Konstantin Zakharovich Shepeljakovsky, Moscow, USSR, assignor to Moskovsky Automobilny Zavod I. A. Likhachev, Moscow, U.S.S.R. No Drawing. Filed Jan. 29, 1965, Ser. No. 430,242 2 Claims. (Cl. 148-165) The present invention relates to the heat-treatment of steel, and more particularly to the hardening of compli cated steel machine parts insuring high-strength properties.
It is known that in the industrial induction surface hardening, a steel of lower hardenability is used, which increases the fatigue strength of machine parts having reinforcing elements with thin cross-sections. However, in the course of a long service of such parts, the so-called contact breaking off occurs in the surface layer, which is due to the fact that the contact strength of parts is insufliciently high on account of a relatively low (from 0.4 to 0.7 percent) carbon content in the surface layer.
Though attempts have been made to eliminate said difficulties and drawbacks, such attempts have not proven successful.
An object of the present invention is to increase the contact strength and wear resistance of machine parts by providing an advantageous combination of strength properties with a high fatigue strength.
This object is achieved by supplying into a zone of heating for hardening such substances that make it possible to carry out the processes of nitride hardening simultaneously with surface hardening.
While the known method of surface hardening allowed to obtain two zones of hardness in machine parts, i.e., a layer of surface hardening up to 2 mm. deep with the hardness number of 60 to 64 R and a hardened core with the hardness number of 30 to 48 R the proposed method allows of obtaining three zones of hardness.
This is achieved by subjecting machine parts made of a lower hardenability carbon steel, i.e., from a steel having the radius of the semi-martensitic zone (transition region consisting of equal parts of martensite and troostite) from 6 to mm. and containing about 0.4 to 0.7 percent carbon, to induction heating for hardening with the simultaneous supply into the heating zone of carbonand nitrogen-containing substances in a gaseous, liquid and solid state, more particularly a mixture of ammonia with the methane, kerosene, synthol or solid pastes with cyano-containing salts.
Said materials are supplied into the heating zone in the following way: gaseous substances are pressure supplied from a pipe-line or a tank; liquid substances are supplied by means of a dropper or a plunger atomizer; solid substances are applied directly onto the part being treated.
When heating by induction, parts are to be held at a temperature below the grain growth level, and consequently below the hardenability increase level, for example, at 830 to 850 C. On completion of the heating, parts are cooled at a fast rate, for example, by means of a water shower.
The described heat-treatment results in the surface hardening of parts to a depth, which is determined by the depth of hardenability of a steel employed, usually from 1 to 2 mm., and the saturation of the surface layer with carbon and nitrogen.
3,357,869 Patented Dec. 12, 1967 Thus, hardened zones of three kinds develop in parts, such as: a thin surface layer of nitride hardening 0.02 to 0.1 mm., having the hardness number of 67 to 70 R (1000 to 1200 H.,); a subsequent layer of surface hardening 1 to 2 mm. deep, having the hardness number of 58 to 62 R and a hardened core, having the hardness number of 30 to 35 R The thin surface layer, as obtained by the nitride hardening, together with the martensite layer of the surface hardening insure a high contact strength protecting the part against the wear and the contact breaking off. The surface-hardened layer together with the hardened core provide for the high static and fatigue strength. The presence of a hardening which is not completely through the part sets up internal compressive stresses, thus increasing the fatigue strength.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following example is given by way of illustration.
Gears of the modulus equal to 4.23 m., 178 mm. in diameter, having the axial depth of teeth equal to 25 mm., are manufactured of a lower hardenability steel with a carbon content of 0.4 to'0.45 percent and critical semimartensite diameter of 6 to 9 mm.
The gears are subjected to induction heating for hardening at a temperature of 850 C. with the isothermal holding for seconds.
Simultaneously, a mixture of the ammonia with methane is supplied into the heating zone.
On completion of heating, the gears are quenched by means of a water shower.
Said treatment results in the formation on the surface of a part of a layer of nitride hardening 0.05 to 0.1 mm. deep having the hardness number of 67 to 68 R (1000 to 1100 H a layer of surface hardening 1.2 to 1.8 mm. deep having the hardness number of 60 to 62 R and a hardened core having the hardness number of 30 to 35 R The optimum combination of the hardness of the surface layer and of the impact strength of the core makes it possible to manufacture parts of complicated shape, the strength characteristics of which exceed those of the parts hardened by means of the methods known hitherto.
The application of the present invention will provide for cheap and effective manufacturing of machine parts with desirable optimum mechanical properties. Possible modifications and variations that may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention should be regarded as falling within the scope of the invention if defined by the appended claims.
Having thus described the invention, I claim:
1. Method of heat-treating machine parts comprising manufacturing said parts from a lower hardenability steel, induction heating said parts being treated for hardening to a temperature of about 850 C. with a simultaneous supply into the zone of induction heating of substances containing carbon and nitrogen selected from the group of ammonia, hydrocarbons, cyanide salts, and cyano containing compounds, a subsequent holding of said parts during 30 to seconds at a temperature of about 830 to 850 C. followed by quenching said parts with the water shower such that each such part has three hardened zones: a carbonitride hardened zone 0.020.1 mm. deep, HR =6770 (H =1,0001,200), a martensitehardened zone with HR =5862 and a troostite and sorbite core with HR =3035.
2. Method of heat-treating machine parts comprising manufacturing said parts from a lower hardenability steel,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Kinzel 14816.6 Cowan 14816.5
Holt 14816.5
Unterweiser 14816.6 X Mitchell et al. 148-166 X DAVID L, RECK, Primary Examiner.
0 H. F. SAITO, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. METHOD OF HEAT-TREATING MACHINE PARTS COMPRISING MANUFACTURING SAID PARTS FROM A LOWER HARDENABILITY STEEL, INDUCTION HEATING, SAID PARTS BEING TREATED FOR HARDENING TO A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 850*C. WITH A SIMULTANEOUS SUPPLY INTO THE ZONE OF INDUCTION HEATING OF SUBSTANCES CONTAINING CARBON AND NITROGEN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP OF AMMONIA, HYDROCARBONS, CYANIDE SALTS, AND CYANO CONTAINING COMPOUNDS, A SUBSEQUENT HOLDING OF SAID PARTS DURING 30 TO 100 SECONDS AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 830 TO 850*C. FOLLOWED BY QUENCHING SAID PARTS WITH THE WATER SHOWER SUCH THAT EACH SUCH PART HAS THREE HARDENED ZONES; A CARBONTRIDE HARDENED ZONE 0.02-0.1 MM. DEEP, HRC=67-70 (HV=1,000-1,200), A MARTENSITEHARDENED ZONE WITH HRC=58-62 AND A TROOSTITE AND SORBITE CORE WITH HRC=30-35.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR960117A FR1379443A (en) | 1964-01-13 | 1964-01-13 | Heat treatment process for steel machine parts |
| US430242A US3357869A (en) | 1965-01-29 | 1965-01-29 | Method of heat-treating steel machine parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US430242A US3357869A (en) | 1965-01-29 | 1965-01-29 | Method of heat-treating steel machine parts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3357869A true US3357869A (en) | 1967-12-12 |
Family
ID=23706694
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US430242A Expired - Lifetime US3357869A (en) | 1964-01-13 | 1965-01-29 | Method of heat-treating steel machine parts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3357869A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5012377B1 (en) * | 1968-07-23 | 1975-05-12 | ||
| US4173501A (en) * | 1978-06-01 | 1979-11-06 | Clark Equipment Company | Steel torsional element and method for making |
| US4366008A (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1982-12-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Fujikoshi | Method for hardening steel |
| US6059898A (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 2000-05-09 | Dana Corporation | Induction hardening of heat treated gear teeth |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1907183A (en) * | 1931-05-26 | 1933-05-02 | Electro Metallurg Co | Method of nitriding metals |
| US2151190A (en) * | 1938-12-31 | 1939-03-21 | Surface Combustion Corp | Method of producing a composite carbide and nitride case on steel articles |
| US2339223A (en) * | 1940-05-23 | 1944-01-11 | Du Pont | Method of case hardening |
| US3137596A (en) * | 1962-10-03 | 1964-06-16 | Paul M Unterweiser | Method for hardening a nitrided steel |
| US3228807A (en) * | 1964-07-02 | 1966-01-11 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Surface treatment of mild steel |
-
1965
- 1965-01-29 US US430242A patent/US3357869A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1907183A (en) * | 1931-05-26 | 1933-05-02 | Electro Metallurg Co | Method of nitriding metals |
| US2151190A (en) * | 1938-12-31 | 1939-03-21 | Surface Combustion Corp | Method of producing a composite carbide and nitride case on steel articles |
| US2339223A (en) * | 1940-05-23 | 1944-01-11 | Du Pont | Method of case hardening |
| US3137596A (en) * | 1962-10-03 | 1964-06-16 | Paul M Unterweiser | Method for hardening a nitrided steel |
| US3228807A (en) * | 1964-07-02 | 1966-01-11 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Surface treatment of mild steel |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5012377B1 (en) * | 1968-07-23 | 1975-05-12 | ||
| US4173501A (en) * | 1978-06-01 | 1979-11-06 | Clark Equipment Company | Steel torsional element and method for making |
| US4366008A (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1982-12-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Fujikoshi | Method for hardening steel |
| US6059898A (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 2000-05-09 | Dana Corporation | Induction hardening of heat treated gear teeth |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| RU2507298C1 (en) | Gear and its manufacturing method | |
| JP3931276B2 (en) | Vacuum carbonitriding method | |
| US4191599A (en) | Method of heat treating high carbon alloy steel parts to develop surface compressive residual stresses | |
| US11047036B2 (en) | Method of fabricating a nitrided low-alloy steel part | |
| CN101868556A (en) | Steel heat treatment method | |
| US20050103777A1 (en) | Gear part and method of producing thereof | |
| CN102791890B (en) | Spring steel and surface treatment method for steel material | |
| CN108342680B (en) | Carbonitriding method for thin-wall steel parts | |
| US10100391B2 (en) | Process for heat treatment of parts made from low and specified hardenability structural steel | |
| JP6314648B2 (en) | Surface hardened component and method for manufacturing surface hardened component | |
| US6270595B1 (en) | Bushing for crawler belt and method of manufacture | |
| JP2025001003A (en) | Screw | |
| US3357869A (en) | Method of heat-treating steel machine parts | |
| US4366008A (en) | Method for hardening steel | |
| Eigenmann | Residual stresses due to thermal, thermo-chemical and mechanical surface treatments: generation, determination, evaluation | |
| US20160145705A1 (en) | Wear-resistant, partially uncoated steel parts and methods of producing same | |
| KR101269572B1 (en) | Surface heat treatment process for machine parts having high durability and high corrosion resistance | |
| US1961520A (en) | Method of case hardening steel | |
| US5935352A (en) | Process for production of a steel component | |
| RU2052536C1 (en) | Method for thermochemical treatment of steel products | |
| US20010050121A1 (en) | Bushing for crawler belt and method of manufacture | |
| RU2109081C1 (en) | Method for manufacturing steel part | |
| SU1087566A1 (en) | Method for improving products of structural steels | |
| JPH10204534A (en) | Crawler track bush and method of manufacturing the same | |
| Funatani | Residual stresses during gear manufacture |