US3343249A - Method of making stress-relieved metal tanks - Google Patents
Method of making stress-relieved metal tanks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3343249A US3343249A US565399A US56539966A US3343249A US 3343249 A US3343249 A US 3343249A US 565399 A US565399 A US 565399A US 56539966 A US56539966 A US 56539966A US 3343249 A US3343249 A US 3343249A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- pressure
- stress
- liquid
- filling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/18—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects vessels, e.g. tubs, vats, tanks, sinks, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of forming and stress-relieving in place a metal tank on a transport carrier, e.g., a barge, for the transportation of liquefied gases such as ammonia, by joining together metal plates in the place of operation, filling the formed tank with a liquid such as water for approximately an hour and having the filling liquid exert a stress-relieving pressure of not less than the designated tank pressure and not more than twice the designated tank pressure, the stress-relieving pressure being caused by the inherent weight of the filling liquid solely or in combination with applied external pressure. Stress-relief is thereby gotten without resort to the relatively complex and expensive prior art methods of stress-relief, e.g., annealing the tank in an oven at high temperatures.
- a transport carrier e.g., a barge
- the invention relates generally to an improved method of making metal tanks, and more specifically, to making stress-relieved metal tanks for the storage of liquefied gases.
- Metal plates of suitable tensile strength for the temperatures and pressures to be operationally encountered by the completed tank are formed and shaped into constituent parts of a tank. In the forming and shaping internal stresses are set up in the metal plates. The plates are joined together to make a liquid-tight tank, and the joining adds further to the internal stresses already set up in the metal, regardless of whether the joining is accomplished by welding or riveting.
- the completed-inplace tank is then filled with a liquid, preferably water as most economical, at or above ambient temperatures. The liquid filling the tank exerts a pressure therein that is a function of the specific gravity of the liquid and the mass of liquid required to fill the tank.
- the tank will be relieved of its internal stresses. If the filling liquid exerts a pressure less than the operational pressure, external pressure may be applied to the filling liquid in the tank by any of various well known means to raise the filling liquid pressure within said range of stress relieving pressures, or a filling liquid with a sufliciently higher specific gravity may be used to fill the tank to obtain the same results. If the filling liquid exerts a pressure more than twice the operational pressure, a liquid with a lower specific gravity to bring the tank pressure within the stated range of stress relieving pressures should be used. For best results the tank should be allowed to remain full for a period of about one hour.
- the method of making a stress-relieved metal tank comprising: forming and shaping metal plates as constituent parts for fabricating said tank; joining said plates to make a liquid-proof tank; filling said tank with a liquid mass having a specific gravity for said mass of filling liquid to exert a pressure of not less than the designed tank pressure and not more than twice said pressure; and maintaining said filling liquid in said tank for a period of time to relieve stresses in said tank.
- step of filling said tank with a liquid comprises: using water to fill said tank; and applying an amount of pressure on said filling water to bring the pressure in said tank within said stress-relieving range of pressures.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
United States Patent i 3,343,249 METHOD OF MAKING STRESS-RELIEVED METAL TANKS Hjalrnar E. Breit, Jr., New Orleans, La., assignor to Breit Engineering Inc., New Orleans, La. No Drawing. Filed July 15, 1966, Ser. No. 565,399 11 Claims. (Cl. 29404) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of forming and stress-relieving in place a metal tank on a transport carrier, e.g., a barge, for the transportation of liquefied gases such as ammonia, by joining together metal plates in the place of operation, filling the formed tank with a liquid such as water for approximately an hour and having the filling liquid exert a stress-relieving pressure of not less than the designated tank pressure and not more than twice the designated tank pressure, the stress-relieving pressure being caused by the inherent weight of the filling liquid solely or in combination with applied external pressure. Stress-relief is thereby gotten without resort to the relatively complex and expensive prior art methods of stress-relief, e.g., annealing the tank in an oven at high temperatures.
This patent application is a continuation-in-part of the parent application for Waterborne Freight-Carrying Vehicles, Ser. No. 396,817, filed Sept. 14, 1964, now Patent No. 3,280,779, granted Oct. 25, 1966.
The invention relates generally to an improved method of making metal tanks, and more specifically, to making stress-relieved metal tanks for the storage of liquefied gases.
In forming and shaping metal plates into the required shapes and in joining the plates to make a tank, especially a tank that is fabricated in the place of operation and in close conformance with the shape of a carrier such as the barge described in the parent application, internal stresses are set up in the metal that often results in the failure of the fabricated tank under operating conditions unless these stresses are relieved. Heretofore internal stresses have been relieved by annealing the completed tank in an oven of sufiicient size at a temperature of about 1250 degrees F. Annealing thus precludes fabrication in the place of operation.
It is an object of the invention to provide-a positive method of making stress-relieved metal tanks in the place of operation that are free from stress failure caused by internal-stresses.
Other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the following description and claims.
Metal plates of suitable tensile strength for the temperatures and pressures to be operationally encountered by the completed tank are formed and shaped into constituent parts of a tank. In the forming and shaping internal stresses are set up in the metal plates. The plates are joined together to make a liquid-tight tank, and the joining adds further to the internal stresses already set up in the metal, regardless of whether the joining is accomplished by welding or riveting. The completed-inplace tank is then filled with a liquid, preferably water as most economical, at or above ambient temperatures. The liquid filling the tank exerts a pressure therein that is a function of the specific gravity of the liquid and the mass of liquid required to fill the tank. If the capacity of the tank is such that the mass of the filling liquid exerts a pressure greater than the operational pressure but not more than twice said operational pressure, the tank will be relieved of its internal stresses. If the filling liquid exerts a pressure less than the operational pressure, external pressure may be applied to the filling liquid in the tank by any of various well known means to raise the filling liquid pressure within said range of stress relieving pressures, or a filling liquid with a sufliciently higher specific gravity may be used to fill the tank to obtain the same results. If the filling liquid exerts a pressure more than twice the operational pressure, a liquid with a lower specific gravity to bring the tank pressure within the stated range of stress relieving pressures should be used. For best results the tank should be allowed to remain full for a period of about one hour.
Although we have described the invention with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in details of steps and the arrangement thereof may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
What is claimed is:
1. The method of making a stress-relieved metal tank comprising: forming and shaping metal plates as constituent parts for fabricating said tank; joining said plates to make a liquid-proof tank; filling said tank with a liquid mass having a specific gravity for said mass of filling liquid to exert a pressure of not less than the designed tank pressure and not more than twice said pressure; and maintaining said filling liquid in said tank for a period of time to relieve stresses in said tank.
2. The method of making a stress-relieved tank as described in claim 1 wherein the step of filling said tank with a liquid comprises: using water to fill said tank; and applying an amount of pressure on said filling water to bring the pressure in said tank within said stress-relieving range of pressures.
3. The method of making a stress-relieved metal tank as described in claim 1 wherein said constituent parts for fabricating said metal tank are joined to form said tank in its place of operation.
4. The method of claim 1 in which said period of time is at least one hour.
5. In the fabrication of a metal tank having a designed tank pressure, a method of forming and stress-relieving said tank comprising the steps of:
(a) providing pre-formed metal elements to be used as constituent parts of said tank;
(b) by joining said elements together to form said tank, substantial internal stresses being set up in said tank during the forming of said tank; and
(c) stress-relieving said tank by filling said tank with a liquid mass and having said liquid mass exert a pressure on said tank of not less than the designed tank pressure'and not more than twice said designed tank pressure, whereby said tank is stress-relieved.
6. The method of claim 5 in which the stress-relieving pressure is had by using a suflicient amount of filling liquid mass having a specific gravity which will, without external pressure being applied, exert a pressure on said tank of not less than the designed tank pressure and not more than twice said designated tank pressure.
7. The method of claim 5 in which the proper stress-relieving pressure is obtained by using a filling liquid mass in conjunction with the application of external pressure.
8. The method of claim 5 in Which the filling liquid mass is water.
' 9. The method of claim 5 in which the filling liquid mass is allowed to remain in said tank for a period of about one hour.
10. The method of claim 5 in which the forming and stress-relieving of said tank are done in its place of operation.
11. In the manufacture of a transport carrier suitable for carrying liquefied gases and having at least one metal tank, the method of:
(a) forming a metal tank in its place of operation on said transport carrier by joining together metal plates, internal stresses being set up in said tank during said forming; and
(b) positively stress-relieving said tank in its place of operation by filling said tank with water and having the water exert a pressure of not less than the designed tank pressure and allowing said Water to remain in said tank for at least one hour, whereby said tank is stress-relieved without resort to the relatively complex and expensive prior art methods of stressrelieving, e.g., annealing in ovens at high tempera- References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS JOHN F. CAMPBELL, Primary Examiner.
THOMAS H. EAGER, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF MAKING A STRESS-RELIEVED METAL TANK COMPRISING: FORMING AND SHAPING METAL PLATES AS CONSTITUENT PARTS FOR FABRICATING SAID TANK; JOINING SAID PLATED TO MAKE A LIQUID-PROOF TANK; FILLING SAID TANK WITH A LIQUID MASS HAVING A SPECIFIC GRAVITY FOR SAID MASS OF FILLING LIQUID TO EXERT A PRESSURE OF NOT LESS THAN THE DESIGNED TANK PRESSURE AND NOT MORE THAN TWICE SAID PRESSURE; AND MAINTAINING SAID FILLING LIQUID IN SAID TANK FOR A PERIOD OF TIME TO RELIEVE STRESSES IN SAID TANK.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US565399A US3343249A (en) | 1966-07-15 | 1966-07-15 | Method of making stress-relieved metal tanks |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US565399A US3343249A (en) | 1966-07-15 | 1966-07-15 | Method of making stress-relieved metal tanks |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3343249A true US3343249A (en) | 1967-09-26 |
Family
ID=24258436
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US565399A Expired - Lifetime US3343249A (en) | 1966-07-15 | 1966-07-15 | Method of making stress-relieved metal tanks |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3343249A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4174233A (en) * | 1976-10-01 | 1979-11-13 | Societe Franceo-Americaine de Constructions Atomiques-Framatome | Expansion process for reducing the stresses in a seamless metal tube |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2355874A (en) * | 1940-06-13 | 1944-08-15 | Wilbur G Laird | Art of constructing metal liquid storage tanks |
| US2503191A (en) * | 1947-06-30 | 1950-04-04 | Mcnamar Boiler & Tank Company | Method of forming tanks of spherical configuration |
| US2554768A (en) * | 1948-07-09 | 1951-05-29 | Wiggins John H | Method of building dry seal, pistontype gas holders |
| US3166831A (en) * | 1962-09-04 | 1965-01-26 | Olin Mathieson | Method of making composite elements |
| US3257718A (en) * | 1964-08-27 | 1966-06-28 | Martin A Krenzke | Method of making composite pressure vessels |
-
1966
- 1966-07-15 US US565399A patent/US3343249A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2355874A (en) * | 1940-06-13 | 1944-08-15 | Wilbur G Laird | Art of constructing metal liquid storage tanks |
| US2503191A (en) * | 1947-06-30 | 1950-04-04 | Mcnamar Boiler & Tank Company | Method of forming tanks of spherical configuration |
| US2554768A (en) * | 1948-07-09 | 1951-05-29 | Wiggins John H | Method of building dry seal, pistontype gas holders |
| US3166831A (en) * | 1962-09-04 | 1965-01-26 | Olin Mathieson | Method of making composite elements |
| US3257718A (en) * | 1964-08-27 | 1966-06-28 | Martin A Krenzke | Method of making composite pressure vessels |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4174233A (en) * | 1976-10-01 | 1979-11-13 | Societe Franceo-Americaine de Constructions Atomiques-Framatome | Expansion process for reducing the stresses in a seamless metal tube |
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