US3342628A - Alloy diffusion process - Google Patents
Alloy diffusion process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3342628A US3342628A US367577A US36757764A US3342628A US 3342628 A US3342628 A US 3342628A US 367577 A US367577 A US 367577A US 36757764 A US36757764 A US 36757764A US 3342628 A US3342628 A US 3342628A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- platinum
- article
- bath
- admixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VNWKDIUSXQCPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicalcium tetrachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2] VNWKDIUSXQCPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMHKGULXIWIGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Pt] Chemical compound [Fe].[Pt] CMHKGULXIWIGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 calcium nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000132028 Bellis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C10/20—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being diffused
- C23C10/22—Metal melt containing the element to be diffused
Definitions
- a process for forming a Pt-Fe alloy diffusion coating on a ferrous metal article comprising contacting said article in a molten bath containing an admixture of calcium and calcium chloride and a source of platinum; wherein the amount of calcium is in the range of from 05-50% by weight of said admixture; and wherein said contacting is carried out at a temperature between about 800 C. and the melting point of said article.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,342,628 ALLOY DIFFUSION PROCESS John R. Sinclair, Vienna, W. Va., assignor to E. I. du
The present invention relates to the coating of ferrous metal articles by a novel liquid-to-solid transfer process. More particularly, the invention relates to the formation of platinum-iron alloy coatings on a ferrous metal substrate by means of a molten transfer agent.
The primary purpose of metal coatings is for surface protection. Dissimilar metal coatings offer a means by which to enrich the surface of a base metal with various elements which provide desirable properties not possessedby the base metal originally.
The present invention has as its primary object to provide a novel and practical method of diffusion-coating ferrous metal articles with the noble metal platinum. The resulting articles have a coating containing platinum alloyed with iron wherein the obtainable surface concentration of platinum for such alloy coatings may vary over a wide range to enhance the properties of the surface of the article, particularly with respect to improving its oxidation resistance.
The above and other objects are accomplished in accordance with the present invention by contacting a ferrous metal article with a molten bath containing an admixture of calcium and calcium chloride as a transfer medium and having platinum incorporated therein; wherein the amount of calcium is in the range of from about 05-50% by Weight of said admixture and wherein said contacting is carried out at a temperature between about 800 C. and the melting point of said article.
The diffusion method of the invention is applicable to any ferrous metal article which term as used herein means a metallic substance in which the element iron is present in a predominant amount. Preferably the ferrous metal article will be iron or an alloy which contains at least 50% by Weight of iron.
Although it is not intended to limit the invention to any particular theory of operation, it is believed that the method of diffusing platinum in accordance with the process of the invention is best explained in terms of an isothermal liquid-to-solid transfer in which the molten calcium-calcium chloride admixture acts principally as a transfer medium to bring platinum in contact with the solid ferrous metal article accompanied by an isothermal, solid state diffusion process of coating growth at a high temperature. A mixture of the IIA metal and the HA metal salt has been found necessary to serve as the liquid transfer medium for the process of the invention. Platinum is not transferred to the metal substrate in a melt of calcium alone, in which it is completely miscible or in a melt of calcium chloride alone, in which it is insoluble. However, platinum is readily transferred to the ferrous metal substrate in a melt of an admixture of calcium and calcium chloride in which the amount of calcium in said admixture is present in an amount between about 0.550% by weight. The calcium in this admixture may be replaced by another IIA metal in which platinum is soluble. The calcium chloride component of the admixture serving as a transfer medium for the process of the invention may be replaced by any HA metal halide in which platinum is substantially insoluble.
The molten transfer bath comprises calcium, calcium chloride, platinum, and other diffusing elements and diluent materials which may be present. The admixture of calcium and calcium chloride as the transfer medium may be replaced in part with various materials so as to re- 3,342,628 Patented Sept. 19, 1967 duce the amount of said admixture required for the diffusion process and to modify the melting temperature of the bath. Illustrative examples of such diluents are copper, lead, tin, and calcium nitride. To obtain high surface concentrations of platinum and generally for best results, it is preferred that the transfer bath contain at least 40% by Weight of the calcium-calcium chloride mixture. Other diffusing elements such as those elements disclosed in copending application S.N. 330,540 which may be diffused onto a ferrous metal base by means of a IIA metal transfer agent may also be present in the bath. The bath may be completely in the molten state with platinum in solution or an excess of platinum may be present in solid form.
The molten bath can be prepared in a number of suitable ways. The bath may be formed by heating up a mixture of calcium, calcium chloride, and platinum together with any other desired constituents to process temperature. Alternatively, the diffusing element in selected concentration can be added to a molten charge of calcium and calcium chloride maintained at the process temperature. The diffusing element may be added periodically to replenish the bath or added continuously in controlled amounts to facilitate prolonged operation. The amount of the diffusing element in the bath does not appear to be critical. As little as a fraction of 1% by weight in the molten bath provides some coating. The optimum amount to be used can be readily determined and will, of course, depend on the concentration desired in the coating. The diffusing element may be added in almost any particle form but it is preferred that the form he as a finely divided powder. It is preferred to add platinum in its elemental form, the metal as commercially available being fully satisfactory. However, it is also possible to employ a platinum compound reducible by calcium to the metallic form of platinum as a source of the diffusing element, for example, the platinum halides, preferably platinum chloride, and platinum oxide. In general, platinum salts which are less stable than calcium chloride may be used.
The use of a blanket of inert gas over the molten bath is desirable but not essential since the bath may be operated under carefully controlled conditions in the open atmosphere. It is preferred to agitate the bath during operation by mechanical or some other means but this again is not essential.
The operating temperature of the bath for the process is selected to favorably affect the rate of diffusion of platinum and any other diffusing elements which may be present and to maintain the calcium present in the bath in the molten state. A temperature less than about 800 C. is not considered practical because the rate of diffusion is too slow. The maximum practical operating temperature may be considered to be the normal boiling point of calcium but in any event the temperature of operation must be maintained below the normal melting point of the solid ferrous metal article treated. A preferred operating temperature for the process is from about 1000-1200 C.
The residence time of the ferrous article in the molten bath influences the thickness of coating obtained and may vary Widely. Depending on the size of the molten bath and the treating time necessary for desired thickness of coating, coiled steel sheet or shaped ferrous metal articles may be passed continuously through the molten bath at a rate to provide the required residence time for a desired coating, or articles may be immersed batch-wise in the molten bath to provide the required residence time for a desired coating and then Withdrawn.
No special pretreatment of the ferrous metal articles is required before immersion in the molten bath. It is, of course, desirable, that the surface of the ferrous metal article be clean and for optimum results, it is preferable that the metal article be subjected to conventional degreasing treatment. Nevertheless, it has been observed that coatings formed by the process are not significantly influenced by the presence of scale or thin films of oil on g the surface of the base metal.
The ferrous articles treated in accordance with the hereinbefore described method of the invention are termed coated articles although it must be appreciated that the difiTusing element migrates into the solid surface of the ferrous articles and thus alter the characteristics 7 of the articles. For the usual treating times, ranging from Example (a) A molten bath was formed in a carbon steel crucible from 10 grams calcium and 200 grams calcium chloride by weight calcium based on the calciumcalcium chloride admixture) and 3 grams platinum in wire form. The bath was agitated and operated under an atmosphere of argon. A mild steel sample was treated in the bath for about one-half hour while the molten bath was maintained in a temperature range of 1050 C. The article recovered from the bath after this treating period had a Pt-Fe alloy coating having a surface concentration of about 65% Pt as determined by X-ray fluorescence. The coating was metallurgically bonded to the base metal and the surface of the article exhibited significantly improved oxidation resistance over the starting ferrous base metal.
(b) The procedure just described was repeated with the treatment in the bath being extended to 16 hours. The concentration of Pt on the surface was again found to be about 65 (c) Under conditions similar to the above run, a run was carried out in which only calcium was present as the transfer medium. In this run, no Pt-Fe alloy coating was formed.
(c1) Under conditions similar to the first described run, a run was carried out in which only calcium chloride was present as the transfer medium. In this run, no Pt-Fe alloy coating was formed.
Runs under similar conditions to the first described run can be carried out with the calcium content of the calcium-calcium chloride mixture being in the range of from about 0.550% by weight to obtain a Pt-Fe alloy coating on a ferrous metal base wherein the surface of said coating will contain an amount of platinum sufficient to alter the properties of the starting base metal. In a preferred process, the calcium is present in a range from 5-25 by weight of the mixture.
The process of this invention may be used in fabrieating articles which must withstand peculiar corrosive conditions. Laboratory equipment, including spinnerets, as well as electrical contacts may be prepared. By treating thin ferrous metal substrates for an extended period of time, it is possible to obtain a platinum-iron article which has a relatively homogeneous structure. Intricately shaped articles may be prepared by selectively removing the ferrous base metal, leaving behind a thin platinumiron shell. The desired composition of such articles and coatings on the ferrous substrates may be achieved by varying the concentration of the ingredients in the molten bath.
It is, of course, to be appreciated that many well-known treatments can be employed to improve the surface appearance of a coated article made by the process of the invention if desired. For example, an .improved surface finish can be obtained by cold working the base metal to a mirror finish before coating, or, alternatively, the surface of the coated article may be cold worked to improve surface appearance. The coated article prepared by the invention also may be subjected to subsequent thermal treatments in order to enhance the physical properties, such as quenching or annealing, if desired.
While other modifications of this invention which may be employed within the scope of the invention have not been described, the invention is intended to include all such as may be comprised within the following claims.
I claim:
1. A process for forming a Pt-Fe alloy diffusion coating on a ferrous metal article comprising contacting said article in a molten bath containing an admixture of calcium and calcium chloride and a source of platinum; wherein the amount of calcium is in the range of from 05-50% by weight of said admixture; and wherein said contacting is carried out at a temperature between about 800 C. and the melting point of said article.
2. A process for forming a Pt-Fe alloy diffusion coating on a ferrous metal article comprising immersing said article in a molten bath maintained at a temperature between 1000 and 1200 C. containing at least 40% by weight of an admixture of calcium and calcium chloride in which calcium is present in a range of from 525% by weight of said admixture, and platinum, and withdrawing the diffusion coated article from said bath.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,184,292 5/1965 Argyriades et al. 117114 X 3,184,331 5/1965 Carter 117-131 X 3,236,684 2/1966 Carter 117114 X 3,261,712 7/1966 Carter 117131 X 3,287,159 11/1966 Bellis et a1 117131 X FOREIGN PATENTS 1,312,819 11/1962 France.
ALFRED L. LEAVITT, Primary Examiner.
R. S KENDALL, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR FORMING A PT-FE ALLOY DIFFUSION COATING ON A FERROUS METAL ARTICLE COMPRISING CONTACTING SAID ARTICLE IN A MOLTEN BATH CONTAINING AN ADMIXTURE OF CALCIUM AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND A SOURCE OF PLATINUM; WHEREIN THE AMOUNT OF CALCIUM IS IN THE RANGE OF FROM 0.5-50% BY WEIGHT OF SAID ADMIXTURE; AND WHREIN SAID CONTACTING IS CARRIED OUT AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN ABOUT 800*C. AND THE MELTING POINT OF SAID ARTICLE.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367577A US3342628A (en) | 1964-05-14 | 1964-05-14 | Alloy diffusion process |
| DEP36797A DE1283636B (en) | 1964-05-14 | 1965-05-14 | Process for the production of a platinum diffusion layer on or in iron surfaces |
| GB20555/65A GB1060328A (en) | 1964-05-14 | 1965-05-14 | Alloy diffusion process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367577A US3342628A (en) | 1964-05-14 | 1964-05-14 | Alloy diffusion process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3342628A true US3342628A (en) | 1967-09-19 |
Family
ID=23447746
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367577A Expired - Lifetime US3342628A (en) | 1964-05-14 | 1964-05-14 | Alloy diffusion process |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3342628A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1283636B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1060328A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3413142A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1968-11-26 | Du Pont | Process of cooling diffusion coated metal articles in liquid sodium metal |
| US3497379A (en) * | 1967-12-27 | 1970-02-24 | Du Pont | Process for improving the corrosion resistance of alloy diffusion coated metal articles |
| US3524752A (en) * | 1967-08-01 | 1970-08-18 | Du Pont | Addition of nitrogen gas to atmosphere in alloy diffusion coating |
| US3547685A (en) * | 1968-08-21 | 1970-12-15 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of inhibiting the corrosion of tantalum by liquid lithium |
| US4214017A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1980-07-22 | Board of Regents, State of Florida, for the use and benefit of the University of Florida | Preparation of platinum-coated substrates |
| US20050164074A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-07-28 | Cataler Corporation | Cathode catalyst for fuel cell |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1312819A (en) * | 1962-01-26 | 1962-12-21 | North American Aviation Inc | Diffusion coating process for metals and alloys |
| US3184292A (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1965-05-18 | Du Pont | Process and composition for diffusion coating refractory metals and product produced thereby |
| US3184331A (en) * | 1963-12-16 | 1965-05-18 | Du Pont | Process of diffusion coating |
| US3236684A (en) * | 1964-03-02 | 1966-02-22 | Du Pont | Alloy diffusion coating process |
| US3261712A (en) * | 1965-03-15 | 1966-07-19 | Du Pont | Process for diffusion coating metals |
| US3287159A (en) * | 1965-10-15 | 1966-11-22 | Du Pont | Process for forming an iron-chromiumaluminum coating on a ferrous article |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE677113C (en) * | 1934-03-09 | 1939-06-19 | Fritz Bergmann | Process for the production of surface alloys by diffusion |
| DE688751C (en) * | 1935-01-30 | 1940-03-01 | Fritz Bergmann | Process for the production of surface alloys by diffusion |
| DE742313C (en) * | 1939-03-09 | 1943-12-02 | Metall Diffusions Ges M B H | Process for the production of surface alloys by diffusion |
| CH323619A (en) * | 1953-07-09 | 1957-08-15 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Process for plating metal castings |
| DE1085393B (en) * | 1956-02-11 | 1960-07-14 | Degussa | Process for depositing metal layers in pipes made of ceramic material |
| US3085028A (en) * | 1958-02-10 | 1963-04-09 | Wean Engineering Co Inc | Method and means for depositing silicon |
-
1964
- 1964-05-14 US US367577A patent/US3342628A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-05-14 GB GB20555/65A patent/GB1060328A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-05-14 DE DEP36797A patent/DE1283636B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1312819A (en) * | 1962-01-26 | 1962-12-21 | North American Aviation Inc | Diffusion coating process for metals and alloys |
| US3184331A (en) * | 1963-12-16 | 1965-05-18 | Du Pont | Process of diffusion coating |
| US3236684A (en) * | 1964-03-02 | 1966-02-22 | Du Pont | Alloy diffusion coating process |
| US3184292A (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1965-05-18 | Du Pont | Process and composition for diffusion coating refractory metals and product produced thereby |
| US3261712A (en) * | 1965-03-15 | 1966-07-19 | Du Pont | Process for diffusion coating metals |
| US3287159A (en) * | 1965-10-15 | 1966-11-22 | Du Pont | Process for forming an iron-chromiumaluminum coating on a ferrous article |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3413142A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1968-11-26 | Du Pont | Process of cooling diffusion coated metal articles in liquid sodium metal |
| US3524752A (en) * | 1967-08-01 | 1970-08-18 | Du Pont | Addition of nitrogen gas to atmosphere in alloy diffusion coating |
| US3497379A (en) * | 1967-12-27 | 1970-02-24 | Du Pont | Process for improving the corrosion resistance of alloy diffusion coated metal articles |
| US3547685A (en) * | 1968-08-21 | 1970-12-15 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of inhibiting the corrosion of tantalum by liquid lithium |
| US4214017A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1980-07-22 | Board of Regents, State of Florida, for the use and benefit of the University of Florida | Preparation of platinum-coated substrates |
| US20050164074A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-07-28 | Cataler Corporation | Cathode catalyst for fuel cell |
| US7241717B2 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2007-07-10 | Cataler Corporation | Cathode catalyst for fuel cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1060328A (en) | 1967-03-01 |
| DE1283636B (en) | 1968-11-21 |
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