US3230076A - Metal refining process - Google Patents
Metal refining process Download PDFInfo
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- US3230076A US3230076A US262826A US26282663A US3230076A US 3230076 A US3230076 A US 3230076A US 262826 A US262826 A US 262826A US 26282663 A US26282663 A US 26282663A US 3230076 A US3230076 A US 3230076A
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- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- chromium
- nickel
- oxide
- alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011876 fused mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 17
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- PRQRQKBNBXPISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium cobalt molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Co].[Ni].[Mo] PRQRQKBNBXPISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 chromium oxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000602 vitallium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/06—Refining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the refining of alloys to recover valuable constituents thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to the processing of nickel base and cobalt base alloys to eliminate minor alloying constituents therefrom without significant loss of nickel or cobalt.
- high-temperature resistant alloys have been developed for use in gas turbines, exhaust gas-driven turbines and compressors, and similar devices where high tensile strength and minimum creep are required at temperatures on the order of 1500 to 1800" F.
- These alloys are generally based on nickel or cobalt or combinations of the two metals strengthened by additions of other metals such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, columbium, and may contain various amounts of iron.
- Some of these alloys are strengthened by precipitation hardening, the precipitate being formed either from two or more of the above-named elements or from additional elements such as titanium, aluminum, boron, and the like.
- such alloys usually contain carbon, silicon, and manganese.
- chromium in addition to the aforementioned alloy constituents, can also be removed from nickel and cobalt base alloys when iron oxide is used as the selected metal oxide.
- molybdenum can also be removed from nickel and cobalt base alloys, in addition to chromium and the other specified alloy constituents, by using nickel oxide as the selected metal oxide.
- a basic slag is melted in a refractory lined arc furnace and a mixture of the alloy to be refined and the selected metal oxide is added in increments and the resultant fused mixture is heated until evidence of reaction has ceased.
- the undesired alloy constituents are oxidized by reaction with the selected metal oxide and go into the slag.
- the slag is then decanted and the refined metal is cast into suitable molds.
- the slag together with the selected metal oxide addition should be basic and the amount of the slag should be approximately 0.80 to 1.25 by weight of the weight of the final alloy product.
- Slags which are particularly suitable for the practice of the present invention are those derived as by-products of aluminum reduction operations. These slags usually contain CaO, A1 0 and MgO in about the following proportions:
- the amount of selected metal oxide used in the practice of the present invention should contain at least the stoichiometric amount of oxygen necessary to c mplet ly oxidize the alloy constituents which are to be removed.
- an excess of selected metal oxide is used containing on the order of 1.5 to 4 times the amount of oxygen necessary to oxidize the undesired alloy constituents.
- chromium oxide, Cr O when refining a chromium containing nickel or cobalt base alloy, and it is desired to retain the chromium in the alloy, chromium oxide, Cr O is used as the selected metal oxide.
- alloy constituents such as titanium, vanadium, columbium, tantalum, boron, carbon, aluminum and silicon can be removed from the alloy.
- Cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and tungsten are substantially unalfected and are recovered in the refined alloy product.
- Chromium oxide can also be used as the selected metal oxide in treating a chromium-free alloy when a chromium content is acceptable in the refined alloy,
- iron oxide is used as the selected metal oxide.
- Nickel oxide can be used as the selected metal oxide, with or in place of iron oxide, when it is desired to provide a molybdenum depleted alloy. That is, nickel oxide can be used to remove chromium and molybdenum, in addition to the previously mentioned minor alloy constituents which are removed through the use of iron oxide.
- nickel base and cobalt base alloys are those in which the sum of the nickel and cobalt contents represents a predominant proportion of the alloy.
- composition of the starting and final materials is set forth below:
- NiCoCr--Mo alloy 150 Six hundred pounds of CaO-Al O MgO slag were i (1(Fe3O4) ag melted in a refractory lined arc furnace. A mixture of me e OX1 e 25 the metal to be refined and chromium oxide was added 3 9 25 incrementally to the molten slag and the resultant molten 1O 1 lca San mixture was heated at a temperature of about 17001800 Mill scale C. until all evidence of reaction ceased which took about Percent one hour. The total amount of metal added was 1000 Fe 73.61 lbs. and the total amount of chromium oxide added was SiO 0.24 300 lbs.
- the product obtained was eminently suited for reuse in the preparation of other alloys containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum.
- a process for refining nickel base and cobalt base .alloys which contain minor proportions of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium and silicon comprising providing a fused mixture of the alloy to be treated with a basic slag and chromium oxide; and reacting said chromium oxide with the admixed alloy to cause oxidation and removal of said selected metal.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
United States Patent Ofiice 3,230,076 Patented Jan. 18, 1966 of New York No Drawing. Filed Mar. 5, 1963, Ser. No. 262,826 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-82) The present invention relates to the refining of alloys to recover valuable constituents thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to the processing of nickel base and cobalt base alloys to eliminate minor alloying constituents therefrom without significant loss of nickel or cobalt.
A wide variety of so-called high-temperature resistant alloys have been developed for use in gas turbines, exhaust gas-driven turbines and compressors, and similar devices where high tensile strength and minimum creep are required at temperatures on the order of 1500 to 1800" F. These alloys are generally based on nickel or cobalt or combinations of the two metals strengthened by additions of other metals such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, columbium, and may contain various amounts of iron. Some of these alloys are strengthened by precipitation hardening, the precipitate being formed either from two or more of the above-named elements or from additional elements such as titanium, aluminum, boron, and the like. In addition, such alloys usually contain carbon, silicon, and manganese.
In spite of the excellent properties of these alloys, service life is limited and consequently, considerable quantities of used metal have been accumulated. Because of the high economic value of the base metals contained in these alloys, there is considerable inducement to develop means for converting the scrap to useful form.
The aforementioned type of alloys most often cannot be reused without prior refining due to the unpredictable and uncontrollable recovery of some of the constituents, and also because some of the minor alloy constituents are not desired in all the products that might be made from this source of metal.
In general, it is desired to recover the maximum possible amount of the nickel, cobalt, chromium and molybdenum and eliminate or materially reduce the content of the remaining elements. At times, however, it is desired to also eliminate chromium and molybdenum from nickel and cobalt base alloys.
One approach to the problem has been to attempt selective oxidation of the undesired elements by blowing the molten metal with oxygen. This resulted in almost complete oxidation and removal of tungsten, columbium, molybdenum, and chromium. About half of the iron was removed by this procedure which is not always desirable. This work was reported by the US. Bureau of Mines in R1. 5786. An attempt to use this process to refine a nickel-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy resulted in excessive loss by oxidation of chromium and molybdenum. Also, the operating costs of this technique are not always favorable.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a relatively simple and economical process for recovering nickel, cobalt and other valuable constituents from nickel and cobalt base alloys.
Other objects will be apparent from the following description and claims.
It has been discovered, as a part of the present invention, that by preparing a fused mixture of the alloy to be refined with basic slag and a selected metal oxide, e.g. chromium oxide, and reacting the selected metal oxide with the alloy, that alloy constituents such as titanium,
aluminum, silicon, vanadium, zirconium, columbium, tantalum, boron and carbon can be eliminated from the alloy.
It has also been discovered that chromium, in addition to the aforementioned alloy constituents, can also be removed from nickel and cobalt base alloys when iron oxide is used as the selected metal oxide.
It has further been discovered that molybdenum can also be removed from nickel and cobalt base alloys, in addition to chromium and the other specified alloy constituents, by using nickel oxide as the selected metal oxide.
In the practice of the present invention, a basic slag is melted in a refractory lined arc furnace and a mixture of the alloy to be refined and the selected metal oxide is added in increments and the resultant fused mixture is heated until evidence of reaction has ceased. In the course of the reaction, the undesired alloy constituents are oxidized by reaction with the selected metal oxide and go into the slag. The slag is then decanted and the refined metal is cast into suitable molds.
In the present invention, the slag together with the selected metal oxide addition should be basic and the amount of the slag should be approximately 0.80 to 1.25 by weight of the weight of the final alloy product. Slags which are particularly suitable for the practice of the present invention are those derived as by-products of aluminum reduction operations. These slags usually contain CaO, A1 0 and MgO in about the following proportions:
CaO 25 to 50 A1 0 40 to 70 MgO 1 to 15 The amount of selected metal oxide used in the practice of the present invention should contain at least the stoichiometric amount of oxygen necessary to c mplet ly oxidize the alloy constituents which are to be removed. Preferably, an excess of selected metal oxide is used containing on the order of 1.5 to 4 times the amount of oxygen necessary to oxidize the undesired alloy constituents.
In the present invention, when refining a chromium containing nickel or cobalt base alloy, and it is desired to retain the chromium in the alloy, chromium oxide, Cr O is used as the selected metal oxide. With the use of chromium oxide in the manner of the present invention, alloy constituents such as titanium, vanadium, columbium, tantalum, boron, carbon, aluminum and silicon can be removed from the alloy. Cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and tungsten are substantially unalfected and are recovered in the refined alloy product.
Chromium oxide can also be used as the selected metal oxide in treating a chromium-free alloy when a chromium content is acceptable in the refined alloy,
When it is desired to eliminate chromium from nickel or cobalt base alloys, in addition to the previously mentioned alloy constituents, viz Ti, V, Cb, Ta, B, C, Al, Si, or when a chromium content is not desired in the refined alloy, iron oxide is used as the selected metal oxide.
Nickel oxide can be used as the selected metal oxide, with or in place of iron oxide, when it is desired to provide a molybdenum depleted alloy. That is, nickel oxide can be used to remove chromium and molybdenum, in addition to the previously mentioned minor alloy constituents which are removed through the use of iron oxide.
With regard to any iron and manganese constituents in the treated alloy, it has been found that the recovery of these materials varies with the basicity of the slag used, the recoveries increasing with increasing basicity of the slag.
The following examples are provided to further illusirate the refinement of nickel and cobalt base alloys in ac- .cordance with the present invention. For purposes of the present invention, nickel base and cobalt base alloys are those in which the sum of the nickel and cobalt contents represents a predominant proportion of the alloy.
The composition of the starting and final materials is set forth below:
Starting mixture Pounds EXAMPLE I NiCoCr--Mo alloy 150 Six hundred pounds of CaO-Al O MgO slag were i (1(Fe3O4) ag melted in a refractory lined arc furnace. A mixture of me e OX1 e 25 the metal to be refined and chromium oxide was added 3 9 25 incrementally to the molten slag and the resultant molten 1O 1 lca San mixture was heated at a temperature of about 17001800 Mill scale C. until all evidence of reaction ceased which took about Percent one hour. The total amount of metal added was 1000 Fe 73.61 lbs. and the total amount of chromium oxide added was SiO 0.24 300 lbs. MnO 0.74 After cessation of reaction in the molten mixture, C 0.17 the slag was decanted and the refined metal was cast into B lack nickel oxide P 1g molds Percent The slag and metal composltions are set forth below: Ni 7618 Starting slag (including Cr O addition) C0 0.02 Fe 0.60 Percent Si 0 09 C210 345 A1 0 26.4 M O 2 1 Starting Metal Percent Refined Metal Percent g 5 (150 lbs.) (150 l Cr 0 1 34.9 SiO TiO etc. Balance 4182 1 Specification of chromium oxide used 2' C1 percent, miu 67 S percent, max 0.2 20 C 0 0.05 L51 Fe d0 0.01 0.01 Loss on ignition do 0.5 03 1.90
Original Alloy Refined Alloy Composition Composition (Weight 1,000 Weight; Final slag lbs.), Percent Percent Percent Cr 9.52 54.30 53.86 17.80 20.74 M0 :22 Fe 29.88 1: 17 :3 Ni 4.09 0.04 0. 03 What IS claimed is: 3 8-5 1. A process for refining nickel base and cobalt base 0: 16 0: 05s alloys by removing minor alloying constituents therefrom 8'812 41 including titanium, aluminum and silicon, said process 0'. 07 comprising providing a fused mixture of the alloy to be 3:82 treated with a basic slag and chromium oxide; and reacting said chromium oxide with the admixed alloy to cause *735 lbs. were recovered as cast pigs; the skull left in the furnace (which can be recovered) was not weighed.
Final slag Percent CaO 31.6 A1 0 32.4 C1203 MgO 7.3 SiO- 0.9 TiO 2.1
The product obtained was eminently suited for reuse in the preparation of other alloys containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum.
EXAMPLE II oxidation and removal of minor alloy constituents including titanium, aluminum and silicon.
2. A process for refining nickel base and cobalt base .alloys which contain minor proportions of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium and silicon, said process comprising providing a fused mixture of the alloy to be treated with a basic slag and chromium oxide; and reacting said chromium oxide with the admixed alloy to cause oxidation and removal of said selected metal.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,218,412 3/ 1917 Kissock 84 1,552,609 9/ 1925 Hybinette 75--82 1,674,438 6/ 1928 Hybinette 75-82 2,049,721 8/ 1936 Perrin 75-82 2,902,359 9/1959 SChOtt 75-82 3,030,201 4/ 1962 Queneau 75--82 FOREIGN PATENTS 117,719 11/ 1943 Australia.
HYLAND BIZOT, Primary Examiner,
BENJAMIN HENKIN, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR REFINING NICKEL BASE AND COBALT BASE ALLOYS BY REMOVING MINOR ALLOYING CONSTITUENTS THEREFROM INCLUDING TITANIUM, ALUMINUM AND SILICON, SAID PROCESS COMPRISING PROVIDING A FUSED MIXTURE OF THE ALLOY TO BE TREATED WITH A BASIC SLAG AND CHROMIUM OXIDE; AND REACTING SAID CHROMIUM OXIDE WITH THE ADMIXED ALLOY TO CAUSE OXIDATION AND REMOVAL OF MINOR ALLOY CONSTITUENTS INCLUDING TITANIUM, ALUMINUM AND SILICON.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US262826A US3230076A (en) | 1963-03-05 | 1963-03-05 | Metal refining process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US262826A US3230076A (en) | 1963-03-05 | 1963-03-05 | Metal refining process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3230076A true US3230076A (en) | 1966-01-18 |
Family
ID=22999226
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US262826A Expired - Lifetime US3230076A (en) | 1963-03-05 | 1963-03-05 | Metal refining process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3230076A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0115928A3 (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1986-03-19 | Ov-Eng Oy | A process for recovering metal values from alloy scraps |
| CN103764985A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2014-04-30 | 埃尔塞乐公司 | Exhaust plug for an aircraft turbojet engine |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1218412A (en) * | 1915-12-14 | 1917-03-06 | Alan Kissock | Process for separating lead and molybdenum from mineral wulfenite. |
| US1552609A (en) * | 1922-06-03 | 1925-09-08 | Hybinette Noak Victor | Nickel anode and process for manufacturing the same |
| US1674438A (en) * | 1922-09-23 | 1928-06-19 | Hybinette Noak Victor | Process of producing nickel alloys |
| US2049721A (en) * | 1933-03-01 | 1936-08-04 | Electrochimie Electrometallurg | Process for purifying nickel |
| US2902359A (en) * | 1957-08-02 | 1959-09-01 | Crucible Steel Co America | Method of recovering difficultly oxidizable metals from alloys, grinding dust, ores, mill scale and the like |
| US3030201A (en) * | 1960-09-02 | 1962-04-17 | Int Nickel Co | Method of producing ferro-nickel from nickel-containing silicate ores |
-
1963
- 1963-03-05 US US262826A patent/US3230076A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1218412A (en) * | 1915-12-14 | 1917-03-06 | Alan Kissock | Process for separating lead and molybdenum from mineral wulfenite. |
| US1552609A (en) * | 1922-06-03 | 1925-09-08 | Hybinette Noak Victor | Nickel anode and process for manufacturing the same |
| US1674438A (en) * | 1922-09-23 | 1928-06-19 | Hybinette Noak Victor | Process of producing nickel alloys |
| US2049721A (en) * | 1933-03-01 | 1936-08-04 | Electrochimie Electrometallurg | Process for purifying nickel |
| US2902359A (en) * | 1957-08-02 | 1959-09-01 | Crucible Steel Co America | Method of recovering difficultly oxidizable metals from alloys, grinding dust, ores, mill scale and the like |
| US3030201A (en) * | 1960-09-02 | 1962-04-17 | Int Nickel Co | Method of producing ferro-nickel from nickel-containing silicate ores |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0115928A3 (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1986-03-19 | Ov-Eng Oy | A process for recovering metal values from alloy scraps |
| CN103764985A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2014-04-30 | 埃尔塞乐公司 | Exhaust plug for an aircraft turbojet engine |
| US20140165574A1 (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2014-06-19 | Aircelle | Exhaust plug for an aircraft turbojet engine |
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|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ELKEM METALS COMPANY, 270 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, N Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003882/0761 Effective date: 19810626 Owner name: ELKEM METALS COMPANY, A NEW YORK GENERAL PARTNERSH Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003882/0761 Effective date: 19810626 |