US3137545A - Alloy for bonding metals to ceramics - Google Patents
Alloy for bonding metals to ceramics Download PDFInfo
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- US3137545A US3137545A US181539A US18153962A US3137545A US 3137545 A US3137545 A US 3137545A US 181539 A US181539 A US 181539A US 18153962 A US18153962 A US 18153962A US 3137545 A US3137545 A US 3137545A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 25
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 TITANIUM HYDRIDE Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 16
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical class [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000743 fusible alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000050 copper hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000083 tin tetrahydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63492—Natural resins, e.g. rosin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
- C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
- C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/122—Metallic interlayers based on refractory metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/126—Metallic interlayers wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/126—Metallic interlayers wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer
- C04B2237/127—The active component for bonding being a refractory metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/34—Oxidic
- C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/40—Metallic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/62—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising holes, channels or other types of openings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
- C04B2237/765—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc at least one member being a tube
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/84—Joining of a first substrate with a second substrate at least partially inside the first substrate, where the bonding area is at the inside of the first substrate, e.g. one tube inside another tube
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/88—Joining of two substrates, where a substantial part of the joining material is present outside of the joint, leading to an outside joining of the joint
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
- Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved brazing alloy and is more particularly concerned with a fusible alloy material for directly sealing a metal member to acaramic member.
- the alloys commercially employed for metal to ceramic bonding purposes have generally consisted of lead, copper and titanium with or without small amounts of silver.
- the lead component has been employed as being the most effective ductile metal for lowering the melting point and increasing the iiow of the alloy and its wetting effect.
- the present invention is based on the discovery that certain alloys containing both lead and tin in addition to copper and titanium, introduced in the form of titanium hydride, unexpectedly provide joints which are substantially strong than those obtained by means of similar copper, lead, titanium alloys free of tin. More specifically, it has been found that marked improvements in bond strengths are obtained with fusible alloys consisting of from 45 to 70 parts by weight of copper, 25 to 40 parts by weight of lead, 1 to 5 parts by weight of titanium hydride and 2.5 to parts by weight of tin. A preferred alloy contains about 58.5 parts copper, 31.5 parts lead, 2.5
- titanium hydride and 7.5 parts tin. Titanium. may be substituted for all or part of the titanium hydride.
- FIGURE 1 is a sectional view of a metal-ceramic structure with the essential components thereof shown in their positions prior to formation of a joint between the metal and ceramic bodies;
- FIGURE 2 is a sectional view of the same component joined by the alloy of the present invention.
- a ceramic bushing or insulator in the form of a disc 1 having an opening 2 therein for receiving an elec-. trically conducting metal pin 3.
- the brazing ring 4 is made by compounding finely divided lead, copper, tin, and titanium hydride with or without small amountsof binders or lubricants such as parafiin or stearic acid which facilitate molding of the mixture.
- the mixed powders are then compressedin dies to form rings of the desired size and shape.
- a number of metalceramic seals were producedemploying ceramic members composed of: discs lot 96% alumina having a thickness of inch and holes of 2 or A; inch diameter.
- the terminal pins 3 were made from wire of 42% nickel-iron alloy orother suitable alloy cold-headed to form the shoulder 5.
- compositions of the tested alloys including both those known prior to the present invention and those produced in accordance Table I.Braze Compositions Constituents, Percent by Weight Braze No.
- results were tabulated as merely being greater than 1000 Inall cases where tin was in- 3 pounds. In these tests'in which the load exceeded 1000 pounds, the ceramic members broke at loads ranging from 1050 upwards to 2000 pounds.
- a brazing material for bonding a metal member to a ceramic member consisting essentially of from 1 to 5 parts by weight of titanium hydride, to parts copper, 2540 parts lead and 2.5 to 10 parts tin.
- a brazing material for bonding a metal member to a ceramic member consisting of about 2.5 parts by weight of titanium hydride, 58.5 parts copper, 31.5 parts lead and about 7.5 parts tin.
- a joint structure comprising a ceramic member and a metal member joined by a bonding material formed by fusing l-5 parts by Weight of titanium hydride, 45 to 70 parts copper, 25-40 parts lead and 2.5 to 10 parts tin.
- a joint structure comprising a ceramic member and a metal member joined by an alloy formed by fusing 1-3 parts by weight of titanium hydride, 45 to 70 parts copper, 2540 parts lead and 2.5 to 10 parts tin fused in an inert atmosphere.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
Ju 1964 J. SCHULTZ, JR
ALLOY FOR BONDING METALS TO CERAMICS Filed March 22, 1962 F'IGJ F'IG.2
H \s ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,137,545 ALLOY FOR BGNDING METALS T CERANICS John Schultz, Jra, Louisville, Ky., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Filed Mar. 22, 19:32, Ser. No. 181,539 4 Claims. (Cl. 259-495) The present invention relates to an improved brazing alloy and is more particularly concerned with a fusible alloy material for directly sealing a metal member to acaramic member.
Various alloys have been used or proposed for making a direct joint between a metal member and a ceramic member. In recent years preferred alloys for forming such seals have included small amounts of titanium as such or in the form the hydride as this metal has been found to provide an extremely intimate bond with ceramic surfaces. For example, Patent 3,00l,269.Moore et al., describes metal-to-cer amic joint structures in which the bonding material is a fusible alloy consisting essentially offrom about 2m 10% by Weight of titanium or zirconium, about 10 to 85% lead and the remainder a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver and nickel or combinations thereof. While zinc, bismuth, cadmium, indium and tin are described as being possible substitutes for all or part of the lead component of the alloy, the alloys commercially employed for metal to ceramic bonding purposes have generally consisted of lead, copper and titanium with or without small amounts of silver. In these alloys, the lead component has been employed as being the most effective ductile metal for lowering the melting point and increasing the iiow of the alloy and its wetting effect.
The present invention is based on the discovery that certain alloys containing both lead and tin in addition to copper and titanium, introduced in the form of titanium hydride, unexpectedly provide joints which are substantially strong than those obtained by means of similar copper, lead, titanium alloys free of tin. More specifically, it has been found that marked improvements in bond strengths are obtained with fusible alloys consisting of from 45 to 70 parts by weight of copper, 25 to 40 parts by weight of lead, 1 to 5 parts by weight of titanium hydride and 2.5 to parts by weight of tin. A preferred alloy contains about 58.5 parts copper, 31.5 parts lead, 2.5
parts titanium hydride and 7.5 parts tin. Titanium. may be substituted for all or part of the titanium hydride.
Features of the invention which are believed novel are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself together with the various advantages thereof may be better understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which: 7
FIGURE 1 is a sectional view of a metal-ceramic structure with the essential components thereof shown in their positions prior to formation of a joint between the metal and ceramic bodies; and
FIGURE 2 is a sectional view of the same component joined by the alloy of the present invention.
With reference to the accompanying drawing there is shown a ceramic bushing or insulator in the form of a disc 1 having an opening 2 therein for receiving an elec-. trically conducting metal pin 3.
For the purpose of making a strong hermetic joint bepresence of a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as hydrogen Patented June 16, 1964 "Ice 0 opening 2. After cooling, there is obtained by means of the alloy of the present invention a joint between the ceramic member 1 and the pin 3 possessing an unusually high bonding strength. V
Preferably the brazing ring 4 is made by compounding finely divided lead, copper, tin, and titanium hydride with or without small amountsof binders or lubricants such as parafiin or stearic acid which facilitate molding of the mixture. The mixed powders are then compressedin dies to form rings of the desired size and shape. Following the above procedure, a number of metalceramic seals were producedemploying ceramic members composed of: discs lot 96% alumina having a thickness of inch and holes of 2 or A; inch diameter. The terminal pins 3 were made from wire of 42% nickel-iron alloy orother suitable alloy cold-headed to form the shoulder 5. After cleaning these pins with hydrochloric acid solution, they were inserted into the holes 2 and with the brazing rings 4 in place were fired at a temperature of 1800 F. in atmospheres of either hydrogen or diassociated ammonia for 10 to 12 minutes. The compositions of the tested alloys including both those known prior to the present invention and those produced in accordance Table I.Braze Compositions Constituents, Percent by Weight Braze No.
Cu Pb Tl Ag TlHz Sn Bronze 1 Oil-10% Sn.
tion was measured. A steady increased load was applied at a slow rate using a tensile machine.
From the results of these tests as set forth in the above table, it-will be seen that the joints formed with alloys containing no tin were in general broken by the application of loads ranging from 450 to 850' pounds to the pin.
However as shown for example by, a comparisonof alloy' 20 containing no tin with the alloys 23 to 28 inclusive con- I taining tin, the substitution of bronze for the copper thereby introducing tin into the alloy or the substitution of tin for a portion of the copper content of the previously known alloys, resulted in substantial increases in the strength of the joints. cluded in the alloy, a force in excess of 1000 pounds was required to produce failure. However as the application f of these additional loads, cause the pins to yield and upset to the extent that they could not be pushed out, the
, results were tabulated as merely being greater than 1000 Inall cases where tin was in- 3 pounds. In these tests'in which the load exceeded 1000 pounds, the ceramic members broke at loads ranging from 1050 upwards to 2000 pounds.
The exact reasons for the improvements obtained by the presence of tin is not known. It is possible that the alloying of the tin with the copper contents of the alloy may account for at least some of the improvement obtained by the addition of tin. For example, braze #23 containing 31.5% lead, 66% bronze in the form of a 90% copper-% tin alloy, and 2.5% titanium hydride appeared to produce the most homogeneous joint. Photomicrographs of this joint disclosed a bronze matrix surrounding islands of lead and a thin layer of titanium at the ceramic surface. At the pin surface, there was an irregular layer resulting from the reaction between the alloy and the pin material. Sincetin is more expensive than lead or copper, it is desirable to limit the tin content to a maximum of about 10%. In fact there appears to be no advantage in a tin content in excess of 10%.
While there has been shown and described particular embodiments of the present invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention and it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A brazing material for bonding a metal member to a ceramic member consisting essentially of from 1 to 5 parts by weight of titanium hydride, to parts copper, 2540 parts lead and 2.5 to 10 parts tin.
2. A brazing material for bonding a metal member to a ceramic member consisting of about 2.5 parts by weight of titanium hydride, 58.5 parts copper, 31.5 parts lead and about 7.5 parts tin.
3. A joint structure comprising a ceramic member and a metal member joined by a bonding material formed by fusing l-5 parts by Weight of titanium hydride, 45 to 70 parts copper, 25-40 parts lead and 2.5 to 10 parts tin.
4. A joint structure comprising a ceramic member and a metal member joined by an alloy formed by fusing 1-3 parts by weight of titanium hydride, 45 to 70 parts copper, 2540 parts lead and 2.5 to 10 parts tin fused in an inert atmosphere.
References Cited in the'file of this patent v UNITED STATES. PATENTS 2,351,798 Alexander June 30, 1944 2,570,248 Kelley Oct. 9, 1951 3,001,269 Moore Sept. 26, 1961
Claims (1)
- 3. A JOINT STRUCTURE COMPRISING A CERAMIC MEMBER AND A METAL MEMBER JOINED BY A BONDING MATERIAL FORMED BY FUSING 1-5 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF TITANIUM HYDRIDE, 45 TO 70 PARTS COPPER, 25-40 PARTS LEAD AND 2.5 TO 10 PARTS TIN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US181539A US3137545A (en) | 1962-03-22 | 1962-03-22 | Alloy for bonding metals to ceramics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US181539A US3137545A (en) | 1962-03-22 | 1962-03-22 | Alloy for bonding metals to ceramics |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3137545A true US3137545A (en) | 1964-06-16 |
Family
ID=22664721
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US181539A Expired - Lifetime US3137545A (en) | 1962-03-22 | 1962-03-22 | Alloy for bonding metals to ceramics |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3137545A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3402458A (en) * | 1964-09-29 | 1968-09-24 | Diamond Tool Engineering Compa | Method of sealing aluminum oxide bodies to metals |
| US3460249A (en) * | 1966-05-02 | 1969-08-12 | Honeywell Inc | Method of making controllers |
| US3575366A (en) * | 1967-11-06 | 1971-04-20 | Bell & Howell Co | Precision production potting |
| US3979187A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1976-09-07 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Vacuum-tight metal-ceramic soldered joint |
| EP0629596A3 (en) * | 1993-06-12 | 1995-04-19 | Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag | Internal joint of metal-ceramic composites. |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2351798A (en) * | 1941-08-14 | 1944-06-20 | Peter P Alexander | Coating metal articles |
| US2570248A (en) * | 1948-06-30 | 1951-10-09 | Gen Electric | Method of metalizing and bonding nonmetallic bodies |
| US3001269A (en) * | 1954-09-20 | 1961-09-26 | Gen Electric | Composite material, brazing alloys and process of manufacture |
-
1962
- 1962-03-22 US US181539A patent/US3137545A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2351798A (en) * | 1941-08-14 | 1944-06-20 | Peter P Alexander | Coating metal articles |
| US2570248A (en) * | 1948-06-30 | 1951-10-09 | Gen Electric | Method of metalizing and bonding nonmetallic bodies |
| US3001269A (en) * | 1954-09-20 | 1961-09-26 | Gen Electric | Composite material, brazing alloys and process of manufacture |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3402458A (en) * | 1964-09-29 | 1968-09-24 | Diamond Tool Engineering Compa | Method of sealing aluminum oxide bodies to metals |
| US3460249A (en) * | 1966-05-02 | 1969-08-12 | Honeywell Inc | Method of making controllers |
| US3575366A (en) * | 1967-11-06 | 1971-04-20 | Bell & Howell Co | Precision production potting |
| US3979187A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1976-09-07 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Vacuum-tight metal-ceramic soldered joint |
| EP0629596A3 (en) * | 1993-06-12 | 1995-04-19 | Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag | Internal joint of metal-ceramic composites. |
| US5525432A (en) * | 1993-06-12 | 1996-06-11 | Hoechst Ceramtec Aktiengesellschaft | Internal soldering in metal/ceramic composites |
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