[go: up one dir, main page]

US3120702A - Method for fabricating bonded-metal articles, particularly tantalium-copper heat exchangers - Google Patents

Method for fabricating bonded-metal articles, particularly tantalium-copper heat exchangers Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3120702A
US3120702A US52035A US5203560A US3120702A US 3120702 A US3120702 A US 3120702A US 52035 A US52035 A US 52035A US 5203560 A US5203560 A US 5203560A US 3120702 A US3120702 A US 3120702A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
pressure
molten
heating
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US52035A
Inventor
Jr Hugh R Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Temescal Metallurgical Corp
Original Assignee
Temescal Metallurgical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Temescal Metallurgical Corp filed Critical Temescal Metallurgical Corp
Priority to US52035A priority Critical patent/US3120702A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3120702A publication Critical patent/US3120702A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C6/00—Coating by casting molten material on the substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component

Definitions

  • tantalum tubes from which these heat exchangers have been made heretofore must be relatively thick in order to withstand the high pressure of the hot steam.
  • tantalum sheet 60 mils thick has been used. This is not only expensive, bntalso the thick tantalum sheet does not haveidealthermai conduction characteristics, and results inuneven heating.
  • An outer tubular part is formed from thin tantalum sheet and is heated in a high vacuum until its inner surface is thoroughly outgassed and clean.
  • high vacuum refers to absolute pressures no greater than approximately one micron of mercury.
  • the surface of the tantalum can be thoroughly outgassed and cleaned by heating to a temperature of approximately 450 centigrade, or higher, for a period of time depending upon the initial purity and condition of the tantalum.
  • a cylindrical, graphite rod, or the like is placed in the center of the tantalum tube to form a core coaxial with the tantalum tube and separated from its inner surface by a tubular, evacuated space.
  • This tubular space is next filled with molten copper, previously melted and outgassed under high vacuum, all the while maintaining the high vacuum to prevent contamination of the hot, clean surface of the tantalum. Under these conditions of absolute cleanliness, obtainable only in high vacua, the molten copper wets the tantalum.
  • the copper within the tubular space is now cooled and solidified, thereby forming a tubular copper part concentrically disposed within the tubular tantalum part. Because the tantalum surface was wet by the molten cop- 3,120,702 Patented F eb. 11, 1964 2 per under the conditions provided, upon solidification of the copper the two parts are solidly united or 'bonded togetheri.e., the copper and the tantalum are in such intimate contact that they are united by interatomic'bonds into essentially a single solid body. After the copper cools and solidifies, the tubular structure may be withdrawn froin the vacuum chamber and the carbon core bored out or otherwise removed.
  • the resulting heat exchanger is significantly superior to those heretofore availablein respect to both cost and performance.
  • the lower cost results largely from the saving in tantalum which is a considerably more expensive metal than copper.
  • the copper can be made as thick as desired for adequate mechanical strength, and the excellent thermal characteristics of copper lead to very even heating and otherwise superior performance of the improved heat exchanger.
  • the interface between the copper and the tantalum is mechanically strong, and provides good heat transferbetween the two metals.
  • the process and principles herein disclosed have been used to make steel-reinforced castings of aluminum or copper.
  • aluminum rotors for rotating machinery may be strengthened by steel inserts at points of high stress, provided the aluminum is solidly united with the steel, which is not accomplished by conventional metal-working techniques.
  • the steel parts are thoroughly cleaned and outgassed by baking out at about 450 centigrade, or higher, in a high vacuum, and vacuum-melted aluminum is poured and cast in contact with the hot steel while it is still under vacuum. Under these conditions the aluminum wets the steel, and :upon solidification is solidly united therewith.
  • the process is not limited to rotors: steel-reinforced aluminum castings of any size and shape can be fabricated.
  • copper can be substituted for the aluminum.
  • the method for fabricating composite articles composed of united and interatomically bonded dissimilar metals which are non-reactive at the operating conditions which comprises, heating a solid metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at an elevated temperature sufficient to outgas and clean said solid metal at said pressure, continuing said heating until said solid metal is substantially outgassed and cleaned, heating a second dissimilar metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature sufiicient to provide a molten pool of said second metal at said pressure, continuing said heating of said molten pool until said second metal is substantially outgassed, casting said molten metal in contact with said heated solid metal while maintaining said solid metal and said molten metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury so that said molten metal wets the surface of said solid metal, and cooling said molten metal, whereby a composite article is provided having an integral interatomic bond between dissimilar metals.
  • the method for fabricating composite articles composed of united and interatomically bonded 'dissimilar metals which are non-reactive at the operating conditions which comprises, heating a solid metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature of at least about 450 C.
  • the method for fabricating tubular heat exchangers which comprises forming an outer tubular part of tantalum sheet, placing said outer part in a high-vacuum chamber evacuated to an absolute pressure no greater than approximately one micron of mercury, heating said outer part to a temperature of at least approximately 450 centigrade until its inner surface is thoroughly outgassed and clean, placing a cylindrical core Within said outer part and separated therefrom by a tubular evacuated space, melting and outgassing a quantity of copper under high vacuum, filling said tubular space with said molten copper, all while maintaining the high vacuum to prevent contamination of the hot, clean, inner surface of said outer part, whereby the molten copper wets said surface, cooling and solidifying the copper within said tubular space, thereby forming a tubular copper part concentric within and solidly united with the tantalum outer part, and remov ing said core.
  • the method for fabricating steel-reinforced aluminum casting which comprises forming a reinforcing part of steel, heating said steel reinforcing part at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature of at least about 450 C. until the surface thereof is thoroughly outgassed and cleaned, heating aluminum at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature sufficient to provide a molten pool of aluminum at said pressure, continuing said heating of said molten aluminum until said aluminum is substantially outgassed, casting said molten aluminum in contact with said heated steel reinforcing part while maintaining said steel reinforcing part and said molten aluminum at a pressure of not more than one micron of mercury so that said aluminum wets the surface of said steel, and cooling said molten aluminum whereby a steel-reinforced aluminum casting is provided wherein the aluminum and steel are interatomically bonded to one another.
  • the method for fabricating steel-reinforced copper casting which comprises forming a reinforcing part of steel, heating said steel reinforcing part at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature of at least about 450 C. until the surface thereof is thoroughly outgassed and cleaned, heating copper at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature sufiicient to provide a molten pool of copper at said pressure, continuing said heating of said molten copper until said copper is substantially outgassed, casting said molten copper in contact with said heated steel reinforcing part while maintaining said steel reinforcing part and said molten copper at a pressure of not more than one micron of mercury so that said copper wets the surface of said steel, and cooling said molten copper whereby a steel-reinforced copper casting is provided wherein the copper and steel are interatomically bonded to one another.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Description

United States Patent METHGD FOR FABRICATING BONDED-METAL ARTICLEd, PARTICULARLY TANTALIUM-COP- PER HEAT. EXQHANGERS Hugh R. Smith, in, Piedmont, Calif., assignor to Tcmescai Metaiiurgicai Corporation, Richmond, Cahf a corporation of Caiifornia No Drawing. Filed Aug. 26, 1960, Ser. No. 52,035 5 Ciaims. (Ci. 29-527) This invention relates to the fabrication of articles composed of solidly united parts of different materials 5 for example, tubular heatexchangers composed of an inner tubular part of copper solidly united with an outer tubular part of tantalum.
It is well known that many articles are advantageously made by bonding together sheets of dissimilar materials. Nevertheless, there are numerous cases where such structures would be of obvious advantage, but have not been practical heretofore because of difliculty in obtaining a good bond between the materials required. A case in point is heat exchangers used in the chemical industry for heating acids and the like. The best heat exchangers heretofore available for this purpose have been hollow cylinders or tubes of tantalum, which extend into the acid bath and into which hot steam is introduced for heating the acid. These cylinders are made of tantalum because it is the only material available that is satisfactory both in resisting attack by the acid and in having other properties that are acceptable for such a heat exchanger.
The tantalum tubes from which these heat exchangers have been made heretofore must be relatively thick in order to withstand the high pressure of the hot steam. For example, tantalum sheet 60 mils thick has been used. This is not only expensive, bntalso the thick tantalum sheet does not haveidealthermai conduction characteristics, and results inuneven heating.
A much better and cheaper. heat exchanger results if the tantalum is reduced inthickness, say to five mils, and the. necessary mechanicalstrengthobtained from an inner layer of copper. However, it has not been practically heretofore to build such a structure because, under ordinary metal-fabrication conditions, the copper does not form a satisfactory bond to the tantalum. In consequence, the interface between the two metals, as heretofore joined, has been mechanically weak and has had poor thermal conduction.
The present invention solves the above problem. An outer tubular part is formed from thin tantalum sheet and is heated in a high vacuum until its inner surface is thoroughly outgassed and clean. (As herein used, the term high vacuum refers to absolute pressures no greater than approximately one micron of mercury.) In such a vacuum, the surface of the tantalum can be thoroughly outgassed and cleaned by heating to a temperature of approximately 450 centigrade, or higher, for a period of time depending upon the initial purity and condition of the tantalum. While the tantalum part is still in the vacuum chamber and still hot, a cylindrical, graphite rod, or the like, is placed in the center of the tantalum tube to form a core coaxial with the tantalum tube and separated from its inner surface by a tubular, evacuated space. This tubular space is next filled with molten copper, previously melted and outgassed under high vacuum, all the while maintaining the high vacuum to prevent contamination of the hot, clean surface of the tantalum. Under these conditions of absolute cleanliness, obtainable only in high vacua, the molten copper wets the tantalum.
The copper within the tubular space is now cooled and solidified, thereby forming a tubular copper part concentrically disposed within the tubular tantalum part. Because the tantalum surface was wet by the molten cop- 3,120,702 Patented F eb. 11, 1964 2 per under the conditions provided, upon solidification of the copper the two parts are solidly united or 'bonded togetheri.e., the copper and the tantalum are in such intimate contact that they are united by interatomic'bonds into essentially a single solid body. After the copper cools and solidifies, the tubular structure may be withdrawn froin the vacuum chamber and the carbon core bored out or otherwise removed.
The resulting heat exchanger is significantly superior to those heretofore availablein respect to both cost and performance. The lower cost results largely from the saving in tantalum which is a considerably more expensive metal than copper. The copper can be made as thick as desired for adequate mechanical strength, and the excellent thermal characteristics of copper lead to very even heating and otherwise superior performance of the improved heat exchanger. The interface between the copper and the tantalum is mechanically strong, and provides good heat transferbetween the two metals.
Although particularly important in the bonding of copper to tantalum for the manufacture of heat exchangers,
it is evident that the same principles have a Wider application and can be used to bond other materials that may not bond readily under ordinary conditions. Most materials, whether metals or nonmetals, will wet other materials and form strong bonds therewith when the molten material is brought into contact w ith a very clean surface produced by heating in a high vacuum until the surface is thoroughly outgassed. In general, baking out the surface at a temperature of about 450 centigrade, or higher, in a high vacuum, provides the required environment for wetting. Exceptions occur when catastrophic chemical reaction occurs between the two materials when they are brought into contact. For most common metals, this does not occur at the temperatures and pressures necessary to provide clean surfaces, and therefore the methods herein disclosed are of general utility, particularly for solidly uniting one metal part with anoth er metal part.
As a further example, the process and principles herein disclosed have been used to make steel-reinforced castings of aluminum or copper. Specifically, aluminum rotors for rotating machinery may be strengthened by steel inserts at points of high stress, provided the aluminum is solidly united with the steel, which is not accomplished by conventional metal-working techniques. According to the present invention, the steel parts are thoroughly cleaned and outgassed by baking out at about 450 centigrade, or higher, in a high vacuum, and vacuum-melted aluminum is poured and cast in contact with the hot steel while it is still under vacuum. Under these conditions the aluminum wets the steel, and :upon solidification is solidly united therewith. Of course, the process is not limited to rotors: steel-reinforced aluminum castings of any size and shape can be fabricated. Also, copper can be substituted for the aluminum.
What is claimed is:
1. The method for fabricating composite articles composed of united and interatomically bonded dissimilar metals which are non-reactive at the operating conditions which comprises, heating a solid metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at an elevated temperature sufficient to outgas and clean said solid metal at said pressure, continuing said heating until said solid metal is substantially outgassed and cleaned, heating a second dissimilar metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature sufiicient to provide a molten pool of said second metal at said pressure, continuing said heating of said molten pool until said second metal is substantially outgassed, casting said molten metal in contact with said heated solid metal while maintaining said solid metal and said molten metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury so that said molten metal wets the surface of said solid metal, and cooling said molten metal, whereby a composite article is provided having an integral interatomic bond between dissimilar metals.
2. The method for fabricating composite articles composed of united and interatomically bonded 'dissimilar metals which are non-reactive at the operating conditions which comprises, heating a solid metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature of at least about 450 C. until said solid metal is substantially outgassed and cleaned, heating a second dissimilar metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature suflicient to provide a molten pool of said second metal at said pressure, continuing said heating of said molten pool until said second metal is substantially outgassed, casting said molten metal in contact with said heated solid metal while maintaining said solid metal and said molten metal at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury so that said molten metal wets the surface of said solid metal, and cooling said molten metal whereby a composite article is provided having an integral interatomic bond between dissimilar metals.
3. The method for fabricating tubular heat exchangers, which comprises forming an outer tubular part of tantalum sheet, placing said outer part in a high-vacuum chamber evacuated to an absolute pressure no greater than approximately one micron of mercury, heating said outer part to a temperature of at least approximately 450 centigrade until its inner surface is thoroughly outgassed and clean, placing a cylindrical core Within said outer part and separated therefrom by a tubular evacuated space, melting and outgassing a quantity of copper under high vacuum, filling said tubular space with said molten copper, all while maintaining the high vacuum to prevent contamination of the hot, clean, inner surface of said outer part, whereby the molten copper wets said surface, cooling and solidifying the copper within said tubular space, thereby forming a tubular copper part concentric within and solidly united with the tantalum outer part, and remov ing said core.
4. The method for fabricating steel-reinforced aluminum casting which comprises forming a reinforcing part of steel, heating said steel reinforcing part at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature of at least about 450 C. until the surface thereof is thoroughly outgassed and cleaned, heating aluminum at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature sufficient to provide a molten pool of aluminum at said pressure, continuing said heating of said molten aluminum until said aluminum is substantially outgassed, casting said molten aluminum in contact with said heated steel reinforcing part while maintaining said steel reinforcing part and said molten aluminum at a pressure of not more than one micron of mercury so that said aluminum wets the surface of said steel, and cooling said molten aluminum whereby a steel-reinforced aluminum casting is provided wherein the aluminum and steel are interatomically bonded to one another.
5. The method for fabricating steel-reinforced copper casting which comprises forming a reinforcing part of steel, heating said steel reinforcing part at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature of at least about 450 C. until the surface thereof is thoroughly outgassed and cleaned, heating copper at a pressure of not more than about one micron of mercury and at a temperature sufiicient to provide a molten pool of copper at said pressure, continuing said heating of said molten copper until said copper is substantially outgassed, casting said molten copper in contact with said heated steel reinforcing part while maintaining said steel reinforcing part and said molten copper at a pressure of not more than one micron of mercury so that said copper wets the surface of said steel, and cooling said molten copper whereby a steel-reinforced copper casting is provided wherein the copper and steel are interatomically bonded to one another.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 232,227 Babbitt Sept. 14, 1880 1,125,159 Page Jan. 19, 1915 1,943,853 Austin Jan. 16, 1934 2,117,722 Huggins May 17, 1938 2,176,773 Sparkes Oct. 17, 1939 2,713,196 Brown July 19, 1955

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD FOR FABRICATING COMPOSITE ARTICLES COMPOSED OF UNITED AND INTERATOMICALLY BONDED DISSIMILAR METALS WHICH ARE NON-REACTIVE AT THE OPERATING CONDITIONS WHICH COMPRISES, HEATING A SOLID METAL AT A PRESSURE OF NOT MORE THAN ABOUT ONE MICRON OF MERCURY AND AT AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO OUTGAS AND CLEAN SAID SOLID METAL AT SAID PRESSURE, CONTINUING SID HEATING UNTIL SAID SOLID METAL IS SUBSTANTIALLY OUTGASSED AND CLEANED, HEATING A SECOND DISSIMILAR METAL AT A PRESSURE OF NOT MORE THAN ABOUT ONE MICRON OF MERCURY AND AT A TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE A MOLTEN POOL OF SAID SECOND METAL AT SAID PRESSURE, CONTINUING SAID HEATING OF SAID MOLTEN POOL UNTIL SAID SECOND METAL IS SUBSTANTIALLY OUTGASSED, CASTING SAID MOLTEN METAL IN CONTACT WITH SAID HEATED SOLID METAL WHILE MAINTAINING SAID SOLID METAL AND SAID MOLTEN METAL AT A PRESSURE OF NOT MORE THAN ABOUT ONE MICRON OF MERCURY SO THAT SAID MOLTEN METAL WETS THE SURFACE OF SAID SOLID METAL, AND COOLING SAID MOLTEN METAL, WHEREBY A COMPOSITE ARTICLE IS PROVIDED HAVING AN INTEGRAL INTERATOMIC BOND BETWEEN DISSISMILAR METALS.
US52035A 1960-08-26 1960-08-26 Method for fabricating bonded-metal articles, particularly tantalium-copper heat exchangers Expired - Lifetime US3120702A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52035A US3120702A (en) 1960-08-26 1960-08-26 Method for fabricating bonded-metal articles, particularly tantalium-copper heat exchangers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52035A US3120702A (en) 1960-08-26 1960-08-26 Method for fabricating bonded-metal articles, particularly tantalium-copper heat exchangers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3120702A true US3120702A (en) 1964-02-11

Family

ID=21975005

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US52035A Expired - Lifetime US3120702A (en) 1960-08-26 1960-08-26 Method for fabricating bonded-metal articles, particularly tantalium-copper heat exchangers

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3120702A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409978A (en) * 1965-08-17 1968-11-12 Gen Electric Metal cladding process
US3426420A (en) * 1966-04-08 1969-02-11 Nat Res Corp Method of making brazed composite tubing for heat exchangers used in corrosive fluids
US3464802A (en) * 1969-01-22 1969-09-02 Nooter Corp Joint for joining clad materials
US3474532A (en) * 1964-10-05 1969-10-28 Amp Inc High voltage coaxial connector
US3990498A (en) * 1974-12-16 1976-11-09 Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt Method of continuous casting

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US232227A (en) * 1880-09-14 Benjamin t
US1125159A (en) * 1910-04-20 1915-01-19 William Marshall Page Process of making clad tubular articles.
US1943853A (en) * 1930-10-31 1934-01-16 Fansteel Prod Co Inc Biplate metal
US2117722A (en) * 1935-10-19 1938-05-17 Photo Cylinder Corp Printing cylinder
US2176773A (en) * 1937-04-26 1939-10-17 Harry P Sparkes Article of manufacture and method of producing same
US2713196A (en) * 1953-03-17 1955-07-19 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Method for cladding and product resulting therefrom

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US232227A (en) * 1880-09-14 Benjamin t
US1125159A (en) * 1910-04-20 1915-01-19 William Marshall Page Process of making clad tubular articles.
US1943853A (en) * 1930-10-31 1934-01-16 Fansteel Prod Co Inc Biplate metal
US2117722A (en) * 1935-10-19 1938-05-17 Photo Cylinder Corp Printing cylinder
US2176773A (en) * 1937-04-26 1939-10-17 Harry P Sparkes Article of manufacture and method of producing same
US2713196A (en) * 1953-03-17 1955-07-19 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Method for cladding and product resulting therefrom

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3474532A (en) * 1964-10-05 1969-10-28 Amp Inc High voltage coaxial connector
US3409978A (en) * 1965-08-17 1968-11-12 Gen Electric Metal cladding process
US3426420A (en) * 1966-04-08 1969-02-11 Nat Res Corp Method of making brazed composite tubing for heat exchangers used in corrosive fluids
US3464802A (en) * 1969-01-22 1969-09-02 Nooter Corp Joint for joining clad materials
US3990498A (en) * 1974-12-16 1976-11-09 Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt Method of continuous casting

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN112410598B (en) Powder metallurgy preparation method of large size ingot of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material
JP5679315B2 (en) Manufacturing method of cylindrical Mo alloy target
US3091028A (en) Method and alloy for bonding to nonmetallic refractory members
US3120702A (en) Method for fabricating bonded-metal articles, particularly tantalium-copper heat exchangers
NO329269B1 (en) Oven dressing system, and method of making it
CN106424136A (en) Titanium-steel composite plate with IF steel as middle layer and manufacturing method thereof
CN110076345B (en) One-step SPS preparation method of high-density WRe/TZM gradient special-shaped composite material
CN108947558A (en) A kind of metal and Ti3SiC2The connection method of ceramics
US2531910A (en) Aluminum thallium bearing
CN113214799B (en) Use method of composite phase change material in copper-steel bimetal casting process
US3435881A (en) Anisotropic continuous casting mold
US2435991A (en) Manufacture of bimetallic articles
JP6332078B2 (en) Manufacturing method of cylindrical sputtering target
CN114178640A (en) A kind of brazing method of graphite and metal with thermal shock resistance
CN111151743B (en) High-temperature die with graphite-low-temperature alloy-steel coupling heat transfer mode
US3208776A (en) Transition couplings
US1162339A (en) Method of making composite metal bodies.
JP2712460B2 (en) Extruded billet with metal powder clad tube and insulated steel tube
US3225400A (en) Method for casting transition couplings
US3504426A (en) Process for bonding
JPH0630829B2 (en) Active metal brazing material
CN107186374A (en) A kind of low-temperature high-strength aluminium welding wire and preparation method thereof
US3129070A (en) Metallic bond
JP5700005B2 (en) Composite magnesium alloy member and manufacturing method thereof
US2759230A (en) Ingot molds provided with a hot-top