US311546A - Babton b - Google Patents

Description

{No Model.)

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Unrrnn STATES PATENT rrien,

BARTON B. WARD, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNCR TC FRANK G. \VATERHOUSE, OF SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

fiPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,5' 36, dated February 3, 1885.

Application filed Apr-i118, lSS-l. (N0 model) 1.0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, BARTON I \VARD, a citizen of the Dominion of Canada, residing in the city of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Iniprovements in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the drawings accorn 'ianying and forming a part of the same.

My invention relates to that class of lamps known as are lamps, and is especially related to improvements in the electro-magnets used therein for the purpose of maintaining the carbon electrodes at the proper distance apart during the time that the lamp is in operation. For this purpose I make use of an electro-magnet around which both the main current passes on its way to the are, and also the shunt-current passes on its way around the arc. Both of these currents pass around the magnet in the same direction, and bot-h unite in producing a magnetic effect upon the iron of the magnet, so that like poles will be produced by both currents in the same direction, the object of this magnet, when employed for regulating an arc lamp, being to use the main current for causing a separation of the carbons, in order to form and maintain the are, and the use of the shunt-current being to cause the carbon points to feed toward each other as the distance or resistance between themincreases This I accomplish by locating the wire carrying the main current at or near the center of the magnet, so that the iron, which extends out at both ends beyond said wire, will attract matures which are employed for separating the carbons, and bylocating the shunt-wire at one or both ends of said magnet at a point beyond where the armature or armatures are attracted by said magnet, the said shunteurrent, in passing around said magnet, carries the poles produced by both the main and shunt currents to a point beyond the reach of the said armature, so that the part of the mag net used to attract the armature while magnetized by the main current becomes the neutral part of the magnet when acted upon or magnetized by the shunt-current, and thus allows the armature or armatu res to "fall away and cause the lamp to feed. This I obtainin my form of magnet, as hereinafter described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure I shows the operating parts of an arc lamp representing my invention. Fig. 2 is a section of an elcctromagnet embodying myinvention. Fig. 3 is a modified form of Fig. 2. Fig. at is an end view of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is another modified form of the same kind of magnet. Fig.6 is a form of magnet used to illustrate the efi'ect of the main current and that of the slnintcurrent upon two diil'erent parts of a movable or central core. Fig. 7 is a diagram of the circuits of the main and shunt line.

Fig. 1 shows an elevation of an arc lamp consisting of the lower carbon, L, upper car bon, 'lt, carbon-rod It, clutch N, and liftinglink 1', through which the swinging armature A raises the red It, said armature being operated by the electro-magnet of which Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation consisting of an iron core through which the rod R passes. Upon said core is placed the coil M, through which the main current passes around the core in the direction across its face from left to right. At each end of the coil M is placed a pole which extends out at right angles from the core of the magnet to beyond the periphery of the coil M, presenting two poles, I and I which are magnetized by the current in M and used to attract the armature A, which swings between them on the central pivot, 13. This armature A absorbs most of the magnetic effect of the coil M as it forms a short passage for the magnetic lines of force created by the current in BI from one pole of M-say pole Pto the opposite pole ofhI,which is pole I So far as I have described, this magnet is of a well-known and common form; but what constitutes the leading feature of my in-' vention is the shunt-coils and S, as characterized by the direction in which the shuntcurrent passes through them, and their position relative to the coil M ol' the main current and the poles I and P, which act upon the armature A. These coils S and S conduct the shunt-current around the core of the magnet which ilows in the same direction as the main current in M, and are placed on each end of the core of the magnet and beyond the poles P and P. If the shunt-current only was acting upon this magnet, the top coil, S, would make the top end, 0, of the core of one polarity, while the lower coil, S, would make the lower end, 0, of the core of the opposite polarity, as indicated by the signs and Fig. 3, and all that part of the core between the coils S and S, including the poles P and P, would in such case be the neutral part of the magnet, so that the armature A would not be acted upon, as the lines of force would pass directly through the core of the magnet, and not pass around through P A and P, and the two poles would center at G and C. If currents were passing both around S, S, and M, all in the same direction the magnetic lines of force created by M would be gathered up at each end by the coils S and S, and carried beyond the poles P and P, so that the two exposed poles would be extended to O and O, and the poles P and P left in the neutral part of the magnet, the same as if the coils S, M, and S were all one coil forming a magnet of the core whose opposite poles were at Gand 0, and all of the core,including the poles P and P, would form the central or neutral part of the magnet.

Having shown the extreme effect of both the main and shunt current, it will be plain that any modification of the strength of either current will have a modified etfect in carrying the poles to and from the pole-pieces P and P, so that the armature A will be ailected more or less, according to the relative strength of the main current in M and the shnnt-eurrent in S and S.

It will be seen that the main feature of this invention consists of an electro-magnet of an iron core at or near the center of which is placed a coil, M, through which a current passes in a given direction. On the core are pole pieces or places at each end of the coil M which act upon an armature or armatures when a current is passing through M, and beyond the points where it acts upon the armature are placed two other coils, S and S, through which a current passes in the same direction as that in M, and which convey the magnetic effect of the current in M to the extreme ends of the magnet-core, and beyond where they can act upon the poles located between the coils S M and S and M.

Fig. 3 is a modified form of the above magnet, in which 0 and Oindicate the core. M isa main magnet. S and S are two shunt-magnets,placed 011 C, so as to leave room for polar places between the coils S and M, also M and S. Near these poles the armatures A and A are onbar X a; different angles.

Fig.4 shows the armatures A below core 0. so that they would be attracted upward while armatures A and A are above 0, so that they would be attracted downward. As before stated, the magnetic effect of coil M would be to form a magnet of the parts 0 G, one being of one polarity, and the other of opposite polarity, -,the lines of force of which would form the shortest route from O l to A through X to A, and back through G to 0+ at the otherend of M. This would draw the poles A upward. If a current was passed through S and S in the same direction as that in M, it would extend the poles to O and C and weaken them or remove them entirel I from line B opposite the armatures A to opposite the armatu res A. This would tend to draw the latter armature downward, the difference between this l'orm of magnet and that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 being the use of two sets of armatures through which mechanical effect is produced in opposite directions by the shifting of the poles, as set forth.

Fig. 5 is a modification of the same invention, in which the variation consists in the magnet being bent in form while the others were straight. In this the coil M is in the center of the magnet, at each end of which are the poles P P, near which the armature A moves. Beyond the poles, bent so as to point toward each other, are the coils S S, placed upon the bridge C. If this bridge were made large, all thelines of magnetic force caused by M would pass through it, instead of through the armature A, but by being made small most of the magnetism passes through A unless, by the assistance of coils S S, the lines were crowded through 0 and prevented from crossing through A. If the bridge 0 was made still smaller at its center, or was broken between the coils S and S, still greater magnetic resistance would be oil'ercd to a. passage of the lines of force through that way, and the same would be the case in a still greater degree if the two parts of the bridge were separated, and the whole bent out straight, as in case of Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

Fig. (5 shows how the magnetic poles can be shifted by the different positions of magnetic coils. For instance, it coil M had a current passing through it in a given direction, the core 0 would be magnetized so all the strength of the pole of one sign would be confined to the upper end of the core, while that of the other sign would be distributed all over its lower end from the center down, so if an armature was placed at its center it would be at traeted. Now, if at this time another current was passed around coil S in the same direction, as in coil M, the magnetism in 0 would be removed entirely from its center, and would be confined to its lower end by S, the same as it is to its upper end by M; also, if the core 0 were movable, the current in M would tend to draw 0 up to a position where its center would be identical to the center of coil M, while if coil S were active at the same time with that of M, the two combined would tend to draw the core down to a position identical with the common center of the two coils M and S.

As I intend to make other and further applications for improvements in magnets relating to the inventiomldo not clai1n,specifically, the

' ends of the magnet and beyond the poles or alternative forms of magnets shown and described.

VVhat I claim as my invention is 1. In an electric lamp, an electro-magnet composed of an iron core provided with a coiled conductor, M, placed at or near its center, for carrying the main current in a given direction, also coiled conductors S S at-each end of the core, for carrying a shunt-current in the same direction as that in coil M, and poles or poleplaces P P at points on the core located between the main-current conductors and the shunt-current conductors, and armatures connected to the movable carbon and arranged to beactuated by the varying magnetism of the magnet, substantially as and for thepurposes above set forth.

2. In an electric lamp, an electro-inaguet composed of a coil carrying a current from the main circuit, and a coil or coils carrying a current from the shunt-cireuit, both currents passing around the magnet in the same direction, the main-current coil being located at or near the center of the magnet-core, the poles or pole places at each end of the main-circuit coil, and the shunt coil or coils located at or near the pole-places, so that the action of the main current will cause the poles or pole-places to attract an armature or armatures, and the action of the shunt-current will be to move the mag netism of the main current beyond the reach of said armatures, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

8. In an electric lamp, an electro-magnet composed of an iron core, 0, provided with coils of conductors located as follows: a central coil, M, for carrying the main currentin a certain direction, and two coils, S S, located so as to leave poleplaces between the three coils and at each end of the core 0, the coils S I S to carry a shunt-current in the-same direction as the current in M, so that the main current in M will polarize the adjacent parts of the magnet, and the shunt-current will tend to polarize the parts of the magnet beyond the shunt-coils, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

at. In an electric lamp, an electro-magnet composed of a main magnet, M, having its poles beyond the main coil, an armature, A, and shunt-coils arranged beyond the armature,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. An electroniagnet composed of the coils S, M, and S, placed upon the core with the exposed pole-places between the central and end coils, and with other exposed pole-places at the ends of the core, and an armature connected to operate the movable electrode, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

(3. In an electriclamp,an electro-magnetconsisting of atubular core, C, through which the carbon rod extends, said core 0 being provided with projecting poles P P, between which the armature A swings, in combination with a coil for the main current placed around the core between the poles P and P, and one or two coils for the shunt-current placed around said core between its ends and the polesP P, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. in an electric lan1p,an electro-magnet consisting of a core, 0, with poles P P for acting upon an armature, said core 0 being provided with a coil, hit, for the main current, placed between the poles P and P, and coils S S for the shunt-current, placed upon said core between the ends of the core an d the poles P and P, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

BARTON B. XVARD.

Witnesses:

J OHN I-I. GRAHAM, ALFRED W. GREEN.

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