US3113019A - Nodular iron production - Google Patents
Nodular iron production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3113019A US3113019A US188575A US18857562A US3113019A US 3113019 A US3113019 A US 3113019A US 188575 A US188575 A US 188575A US 18857562 A US18857562 A US 18857562A US 3113019 A US3113019 A US 3113019A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- ferro
- ladle
- molten metal
- nodular iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
Definitions
- This improved nodular iron is prepared from a stock of molten metal having the following analysis:
- This alloy is maintained molten and at a temperature of approximately 2650" F. After appropriate inoculants have been added the percentage of silicon will have increased to between 2.80% and 3.10% and the metal will contain sufficient magnesium to render the structure nodular as cast.
- This alloy is conventionally inoculated and handled in ladles containing about 2000 pounds of molten metal.
- the ladle is preheated and employed to contain the original inoculants.
- These original inoculants comprise 15 pounds of a magnesium containing ferro-silicon containing between 5 and 7% magnesium, about 47% silicon and the remainder, iron.
- this inoculant there is added to the ladle 10 pounds of a 75% ferro-silicon.
- the magnesium ferro-silicon and the 75% ferro-silicon is protected initially from the molten metal by covering these inoculants with 30 pounds of steel punchings.
- the ladle so prepared is brought to the furnace containing the molten stock metal and in the course of 25 or 30 seconds, 800 to 1000 pounds of molten metal stock is added to the ladle. This fills the ladle approximately half full and initiates the action of the added inoculants upon the stock.
- the addition of the final inoculant of 3,113,019 Patented Dec. 3, 1963 "ice 10 pounds of ferroasilicon is made. This 10 pounds of 75 ferro-silicon is added as a granular product to the stream of molten stock metal as it flows from the furnace to the ladle. The rate of addition of this material is adjusted so that the addition requires approximately the same time as is required to fill the ladle with molten stock.
- the ladle so prepared is then poured into castings at about 2550 F.
- Molten nodular iron so prepared is now commercially cast into engine rocker arms and has produced rocker arms having a consistently superior structure and ease of machining.
- the process for the production of uniform and machineable nodular iron castings comprising preparing a stock of molten metal suitable for the production of nodular iron when inoculated with nodularizing agents, placing in a ladle a quantity of ferro-silicon and a quantity of magnesium bearing ferro-silicon, covering the magnesium bearing ferro-silicon and the ferro-silicon with a protecting layer of cold metallic ferrous material, filling the ladle partially with molten metal, initiating further addition of ferro-silicon to the ladle and continuing to add such ferro-silicon and molten metal simultaneously until the ladle is filled.
- the process for the production of uniform and machineable nodular iron castings comprising preparing a stock of molten metal suitable for the production of nodular iron when inoculated with nodularizing agents, placing in a ladle a quantity of ferro-silicon and a quantity of magnesium bearing ferro-silicon, covering the magnesium bearing term-silicon and the term-silicon with a protecting layer of cold metallic ferrous material, filling the ladle approximately half full of molten metal, initiating further additions of ferro-silicon to the ladle and continuing to add such ferro-silicon and molten metal simultaneously until the ladle is filled.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
United States Patent This invention is concerned with a process for the production of nodular iron castings which are distinguished by the presence of small graphite nodules, a tight structure and the absence of hard spots in castings.
This improved nodular iron is prepared from a stock of molten metal having the following analysis:
Percent Oarbon 3.80-3.90 Silicon 2.00-2.30 Manganese 0.60-0.90 Copper Less than 0.15 Chromium -1 Less than 0.40
This alloy is maintained molten and at a temperature of approximately 2650" F. After appropriate inoculants have been added the percentage of silicon will have increased to between 2.80% and 3.10% and the metal will contain sufficient magnesium to render the structure nodular as cast.
This alloy is conventionally inoculated and handled in ladles containing about 2000 pounds of molten metal. The ladle is preheated and employed to contain the original inoculants. These original inoculants comprise 15 pounds of a magnesium containing ferro-silicon containing between 5 and 7% magnesium, about 47% silicon and the remainder, iron. Along with this inoculant, there is added to the ladle 10 pounds of a 75% ferro-silicon. The magnesium ferro-silicon and the 75% ferro-silicon is protected initially from the molten metal by covering these inoculants with 30 pounds of steel punchings.
The ladle so prepared is brought to the furnace containing the molten stock metal and in the course of 25 or 30 seconds, 800 to 1000 pounds of molten metal stock is added to the ladle. This fills the ladle approximately half full and initiates the action of the added inoculants upon the stock. When the ladle has become approximately half full, the addition of the final inoculant of 3,113,019 Patented Dec. 3, 1963 "ice 10 pounds of ferroasilicon is made. This 10 pounds of 75 ferro-silicon is added as a granular product to the stream of molten stock metal as it flows from the furnace to the ladle. The rate of addition of this material is adjusted so that the addition requires approximately the same time as is required to fill the ladle with molten stock. The ladle so prepared is then poured into castings at about 2550 F.
Molten nodular iron so prepared is now commercially cast into engine rocker arms and has produced rocker arms having a consistently superior structure and ease of machining.
We claim as our invention:
1. The process for the production of uniform and machineable nodular iron castings comprising preparing a stock of molten metal suitable for the production of nodular iron when inoculated with nodularizing agents, placing in a ladle a quantity of ferro-silicon and a quantity of magnesium bearing ferro-silicon, covering the magnesium bearing ferro-silicon and the ferro-silicon with a protecting layer of cold metallic ferrous material, filling the ladle partially with molten metal, initiating further addition of ferro-silicon to the ladle and continuing to add such ferro-silicon and molten metal simultaneously until the ladle is filled.
2. The process for the production of uniform and machineable nodular iron castings comprising preparing a stock of molten metal suitable for the production of nodular iron when inoculated with nodularizing agents, placing in a ladle a quantity of ferro-silicon and a quantity of magnesium bearing ferro-silicon, covering the magnesium bearing term-silicon and the term-silicon with a protecting layer of cold metallic ferrous material, filling the ladle approximately half full of molten metal, initiating further additions of ferro-silicon to the ladle and continuing to add such ferro-silicon and molten metal simultaneously until the ladle is filled.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,675,308 Millis et al. Apr. 13, 1954 2,749,238 Millis et a1. June 5, 1956 2,750,284 Ihrig June 12, 1956 3,017,267 Bartson et al Ian. 16, 1962
Claims (1)
1. THE PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF UNIFORM AND MACHINEABLE NODULAR IRON CASTINGS COMPRISING PREPARING A STOCK OF MOLTEN METAL SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NODULAR IRON WHEN INOCULATED WITH NODULARIZING AGENTS, PLACING IN A LADLE A QUANTITY OF FERRO-SILICON AND A QUANTITY OF MAGNESIUM BEARING FERRO-SILICON, COVERING THE MAGNESIUM BEARING FERRO-SILICON AND THE FERRO-SILICON WITH A PROTECTING LAYER OF COLD METALLIC FERROUS MATERIAL, FILLING THE LADLE PARTIALLY WITH MOLTEN METAL, INITIATING FURTHER ADDITION OF FERRO-SILICON TO THE LADLE AND CONTAINUING TO ADD SUCH FERRO-SILICON AND MOLTEN METAL SIMULTANEOUSLY UNTIL THE LADLE IS FILLED.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US188575A US3113019A (en) | 1962-04-18 | 1962-04-18 | Nodular iron production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US188575A US3113019A (en) | 1962-04-18 | 1962-04-18 | Nodular iron production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3113019A true US3113019A (en) | 1963-12-03 |
Family
ID=22693721
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US188575A Expired - Lifetime US3113019A (en) | 1962-04-18 | 1962-04-18 | Nodular iron production |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3113019A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3367771A (en) * | 1965-02-23 | 1968-02-06 | Dow Chemical Co | Process for preparation of magnesium ferrosilicon alloys |
| US3920451A (en) * | 1974-02-15 | 1975-11-18 | Politechnika Slaska Im Wincent | Well workable, abrasion resistant nodular cast iron and a method of its production |
| US4396428A (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1983-08-02 | Elkem Metals Company | Processes for producing and casting ductile and compacted graphite cast irons |
| US4889688A (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1989-12-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo K.K. | Process of producing nodular cast iron |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2675308A (en) * | 1947-03-22 | 1954-04-13 | Int Nickel Co | Art of using magnesium-containing addition agents to produce spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| US2749238A (en) * | 1949-09-10 | 1956-06-05 | Int Nickel Co | Method for producing cast ferrous alloy |
| US2750284A (en) * | 1951-12-22 | 1956-06-12 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Process for producing nodular graphite iron |
| US3017267A (en) * | 1959-07-28 | 1962-01-16 | Ford Motor Co | Nodular iron manufacture |
-
1962
- 1962-04-18 US US188575A patent/US3113019A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2675308A (en) * | 1947-03-22 | 1954-04-13 | Int Nickel Co | Art of using magnesium-containing addition agents to produce spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| US2749238A (en) * | 1949-09-10 | 1956-06-05 | Int Nickel Co | Method for producing cast ferrous alloy |
| US2750284A (en) * | 1951-12-22 | 1956-06-12 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Process for producing nodular graphite iron |
| US3017267A (en) * | 1959-07-28 | 1962-01-16 | Ford Motor Co | Nodular iron manufacture |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3367771A (en) * | 1965-02-23 | 1968-02-06 | Dow Chemical Co | Process for preparation of magnesium ferrosilicon alloys |
| US3920451A (en) * | 1974-02-15 | 1975-11-18 | Politechnika Slaska Im Wincent | Well workable, abrasion resistant nodular cast iron and a method of its production |
| US4396428A (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1983-08-02 | Elkem Metals Company | Processes for producing and casting ductile and compacted graphite cast irons |
| US4889688A (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1989-12-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo K.K. | Process of producing nodular cast iron |
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