US317407A - Apparatus for generating illuminating and heating gas - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

J. W. MITCHELL. APPARATUS FORGENERATING ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS.

Patented May 5', 1885.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. W. MITCHELL. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ILLUMINA ING'AND HEATING" GAS.

No. 317,407. PatentedMay 5, 1885.

' 39 1x15. #QTJ/ahi n. PETERS. Pholo-Lilhagnpber, wahinmn, nc.

3 SheetsSheet' 3.

(No Model.)

J. MITCHELL.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ILLUMINATINGAND HEATING GAS.

Patented May 5, 1885 N. PETERS. Phuio-Lilhcgraphlr. Wuhinmm. B4 c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN Vi. MITCHELL, OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY.

APPARATUS FOR. GENERATING ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 317,407, dated May 5, 1885.

Application filed March 23, 1885. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN W. MITCHELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bayonne, in the county of Hudson and State of NewJer-ey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Gencrating Illuminating and Heating Gas; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such'as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for the manufacture of gas for heating and illuminating purposes from carbonicl the products which pass through it from the oxide and hydrocarbon gases, each separately i for the ash-pit is provided, to which access generated. The carbonic oxide is cooled before mixing to about the temperature of the T blower, K, connects with the cupola just behydrocarbon gas discharged from the retorts, at which temperature they are amalgamated or fixed, as more fully hereinafter specified. These efl'ects I attain by the means illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a front elevation of benches of retorts for the generation of the hydrocarbon gas, showing the steam superheating coils in dotted lines, and below this a cupola-fnrnace in vertical section, as well as a blast apparatus in elevation, whereby the carbonic-oxide gas is generated. Fig. 2 represents a rear elevation of the benches of retorts with a portion of the brickwork broken away, exposing the retort-connections and superheating-pipes. Fig. 3 is a vertical secgat the front and rear, leading from the lower tion on line :1: m, Fig. 1, showing one retort in section and the others in elevation. Fig. 4i represents a sectional view of the mixingchamber or amalgamator and the tank through which the carbonic-oxide-gas conduit passes; I Fig. 5, a sectional view of the injector, wherel by the oil is sprayed into the retorts by means of a jet of steam.

The letterA indicates a furnace, constructed of brick-work or any other suitable material, 1

and is divided into three compartments, a b c,

by means of vertical partitionwalls. The side i compartments of the furnace have located in them the retorts O I) E, which are arranged in benches, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

1 nacc.

retorts below. This is to insure the conversion of any undecomposed vapor that may have passed from the retorts below and prevent it from being carried forward with the fixed gas to the mixing-chamber. The intermediate chamber is provided with a seriesof heating coils or pipes, F, for the purposeof supcrheating steam. The furnace is located on the first floor of a retort-house or other structure, and supported upon trussed girders or arches, G, or in any other suitable manner, and below said furnace is located a cupola, H, of the usual or any approved construction, which is provided with grate-bars I. A space may be had through gas-tight doors. A

low the grate-bars, for forcing a current of air through the furnace and the burning fuel with which it is charged. The cupola communicates with the side chambers, a and c, of the furnace. by means of the oblique flues L, so as to discharge the hot gases generated by the combe seen by reference to Fig. l. of the drawings. The said chambers to and c, as well as the central chamber, 1), are arched at their tops, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. I, so as to cause a deflection downward of the heated gases after reaching the tops of the chambers. The partition-walls e 6 between the chambers u b c are formed with short transverse fines portions of said chambers a and 0 into the chamber 1), and the said walls are also provided with central vertical escape-tines, it, leading upward from the lower part of the chamber I) into the interior of the dome or compartment N above the chambers of the fur These vertical fines lead in from the chamber at a point below the transverse openings g.

Within the chamber I), running back and forth, is a series of coils of pipes, E, which connect at oneend with a steam-boiler through a pipe, 5., and through the pipes m a with the branch pipes 12, leading to the interior tubes of the injector r, projecting into the lower and middle series of the rctorts in the respective benches, as indicated in Figs. l and 2 of the drawings. The inner tubes of the injectors are continuations of-tlie oil pipes S, connect 1 ing with the cross-pipes t, which in turn couple with a pipe leading from the oil tank Q. A pipe, t, having a controlling-valve, r, for regulating the automatic flow of oil to the in jectors, extends from the oil-tank to supply I pipes The said tank is provided with an agitator, which may be operated by any suitl able power, to prevent theheavier portions of the oil i'rom collecting at the bottom of the 1 tank and the pipes, and thereby clogging the passage or flow of the oil. Pipes u-from the upper retorts connect with a horizontalpipe, w, for conducting the hydrocarbon gas'to the amalgamator or IiXingch-amber. (Shown in Fig. 40f the drawings.) The rearends of the retorts of the respective benches are connected by thepipes Y and the cross or branch pipes Z. From the dome of the furnace a pipe, 3;,extends through a tank, R, and then to and connects with the hydrocarbon-gas pipe 10- above the amaiganiating-chamber. A branch from the intersection of these pipes extends downward through the top of the amalgamator,

wherein the gases are finally commingled at a suitable temperature for amalgamation or proper union. The amalgamator or fixingchamber consists of a structure of brick-work or any other suitable material. The pipe projectin g into the amalgamator is perforated at intervals, to provide for the lateral passage of some of the inflowing gases into the chamber. The main volume ofthe gases,however,escapes into the chamber through the lower end of the pipe, which is left entirely open and unobstructed for the purpose. At intervals in the interior of the said amalgamator or fixingchamber are arranged wire-gauze or foraminous diaphragms, which finely divide the 1 gases in passing upward and cause them to come into contact with each other, thus insuring their perfect union and thorough amalgamation or fixing. From the top of the 1 chamber at one side extends a pipe, J, through i which the fixed gases pass to the washer, from 1 which they are carried by suitable pipes directly to the purifiers and thence to the holder.

In practice, for the sake of convenience, I

prefer to have two cupolas for the generation of the carbonic-oxide gas, so arranged and located below the retort-furnace andits benches that one furnace can be in operation while the other is idle, to avoid interruption when. cleaning and recharging are necessary, thus providing for acontinuous supply of carbonic- 5 oxide gas. 7 r

The operation of my invention will be read ily understood in connection with the above description, and isas follows: The cupola below the retort-furnace being properly charged with carbonaceous material, and the material ignited, the chamber below the grate-bars is closed air-tight, and a forced current of air of suitable volume and under proper pressure is passed upthrougli thet'uel. Combustionisthus carried on,andthehot carbonic-oxideand other 1: gases of com bustionare carried up throng-lithe j flues into the chambers a and cand around the etorts therein. The hot gases are then deflected downward, and pass throughthe short front and rear horizontal flues in the partition-walls into the chamber 1) and around the heatingcoils therein. 0n the way through the chambers (ii-c thr hot carbonic-oxide gas parts with a portion of its heat to the retorts, and inits passage through the chamber b parts with more of its heat to the heating coils in said chamber, and escapes through the vertical tlues IL in the partitionwalls, rthen,ce into the dome, andfinally ofl' through the submerged coil of pipes to meet the hydrocarbon gas onv its way to the ama-lgamator or fixing-chambers. VVhilethis is taking place the oil is being supplied to the injectors through the oil-- pipes from the tank, and superheated steam is also being fed to the injectors from the coils. The steam from the boiler is superheated and is injected into the retorts with the oil, where the two are decomposed by the heat imparted to the retorts by the hotcarbonic-oxide gas,

5 and the resultant hydrocarbon gases are carried off through-the pipes to meet the carbonicoxide gas on its way to the amalgamator or mixing-chain her, where they enter simultaneously at a proper mean temperature, at which they are united and amalgamated, and

finally fixed in said chamber, after which they pass off to the washe -condenser, and purifier, thence to the holder.

It is observed that the operations of this apparatus are 'substantially automatic.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. A furnace for generating carbonic-oxide gas, a retort or bench of retorts, means t'onsupplying hydrocarbon and steam to said retorts for generating hydrocarbon gas,and coils for 'superheating steam, combined and arranged for operation substantially as specified, where by carbonic-oxide gas is generated, and by its surplus heat the contents of the retorts are decomposed and the steam is superheated.

2. The combination of a cupola-furnace for .generating carbouic-oxide gas, a retort-furnace, a flue or flues leading from the former to the latter, a. retort or bench of retorts, means for supplying hydrocarbon and steam to said retorts, and a conduit leadingfrom the cupolafurnace through a water-tank tojoin a separate conduit leading from the retorts at the amalgamator, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the cupola-furnace I and the retort-furnace and retorts, otthesteam' coils extending through a chamber, I), located between the retort-chambers, which'communicate with said intermediate chamber, and the injectors connecting with said coils and with the oilsupply pipes, whereby the steam may be heated by the surplus heat of the carbonicoxide gas and the gas further cooled previous to passing to the amalgamator, substantially as and for the purpose specified.-

4. The, combination, with the retortyt'urnace having two retort-chambers and an intermedipipes, and separate pipes for the gases conmeeting with the amalgamator or fixing-chamber, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. The combination, with the ainalgamator or fixing-chamber, of the inlet-pipe at one end and discharge pipe at the other, and wire-gauze or foraminous diaphragins, substantially. as

"described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

' JNO. W. MITCHELL. Witnesses VVM; A. ROSENBAUM, HENRY BRooK.

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