US3158483A - Photographic developers containing polyalkylene glycols - Google Patents
Photographic developers containing polyalkylene glycols Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3158483A US3158483A US172097A US17209762A US3158483A US 3158483 A US3158483 A US 3158483A US 172097 A US172097 A US 172097A US 17209762 A US17209762 A US 17209762A US 3158483 A US3158483 A US 3158483A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkylene oxide
- aliphatic
- developing agent
- photographic
- developer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 title description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 SILVER HALIDE Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000687 hydroquinonyl group Chemical group C1(O)=C(C=C(O)C=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZDIUKPBJDYTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diethylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(O)=C(CC)C=C1O YZDIUKPBJDYTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPASWZHHWPVSRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C1O GPASWZHHWPVSRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000009298 Trigla lyra Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- MIHINWMALJZIBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical class OC1CC=CC=C1 MIHINWMALJZIBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical group OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057847 polyethylene glycol 600 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium metabisulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940043349 potassium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010263 potassium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UOULCEYHQNCFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydroxymethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])(=O)=O UOULCEYHQNCFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
- G03C5/3056—Macromolecular additives
Definitions
- Photographic films used in the graphic arts for making half-tone or line images should be capable of producing extremely high contrast and good image sharpness. These factors contribute in the case of half-tone images to high dot quality, that is, to the production of halftone dots of high density and sharpness.
- the photographic developers intended to produce high contrast images do not produce the high contrast desired, or if they produce high contrast images are deficient in tray life, that is, resistance to aerial oxidation.
- a further object is to provide a photographic developer capable of giving high contrast and at the same time having good aeration life.
- a still further object is a photographic developer capable of producing half-tone images of good dot quality.
- an exposed photographic silver halide emulsion especially an emulsion designed for producing a high contrast image
- a solution of a p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent containing a polyalkyleneglycol less than about 5 grams per liter of any dissociated sulfite and substantially no aminobenzene developing agent.
- relatively large quantities of an un-ionized sulfite such as sodium formaldehyde bisulfite, may be present.
- Our invention comprises in its broader aspects the use of a hydroquinone or substituted hydroquinone developing agent in a developing solution containing a polyalkylene glycol, especially a polyethylene glycol or one of its derivatives as hereinafter described, the solution being of low sulfite content, that is, containing less than 5 grams per liter of any sulfite.
- the solution should also be free of aminobenzenedeveloping agent such as the N-methyl-p-aminophenol commonly used.
- Photographic emulsions designed for producing high contrast images such as Kodalith films (see Kodak Graphic Arts Films and Plates, Eastman Kodak Company, 1951) produce images having a gamma of 9 to 10 and half-tone dots of good qualitywhen developed in a suitable developing solution.
- Kodalith films see Kodak Graphic Arts Films and Plates, Eastman Kodak Company, 1951
- Our developing solutions contain a p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent such as hydroquinone, toluhydroquinone, 2,5 dimethylhydroquinone, 2,5 diethylhydroquinone, etc., but are substantially free of aminobenzene developing agent such as p-aminophenol, N-methyl-paminophenol, p-phenylenediamine, etc.
- a p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent such as hydroquinone, toluhydroquinone, 2,5 dimethylhydroquinone, 2,5 diethylhydroquinone, etc.
- aminobenzene developing agent such as p-aminophenol, N-methyl-paminophenol, p-phenylenediamine, etc.
- Our developers should contain little or no sulfite preservative, that is, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, tc. While this sulfite compound need not be entirely excluded from the developer its contents should not be greater than about 5 grams per liter of solution.
- the polyalkyleneglycol or alkylene oxide polymers used in the developing solution are polymers derived from alkylene oxides containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide.
- alkylene oxides containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide.
- the preparation of polymers from these compounds is described in Ellis, The Chemistry of Synthetic Resins (1935), page 990 to 994.
- Various derivatives of alkylene oxides may also be used in the developing solution, e.g., condensation products of alkylene oxide with glycols such as those having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms as described in U.S. Patent No.
- Carbowax 1500 Polymers having a molecular weight of about 1000 and above are solids and are more easily handled. These compounds are sold by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation under the trade name Carbowax, e.g., Carbowax 1500, Carbowax 4000, Carbowax 6000, the numerals usually indicating average molecular weight. Carbowax 1500, however, has an average molecular weight between 500 and 600.
- alkylene oxide polymers which we may employ:
- Polyethyleneglycol 400 Polyethyleneglycol 600 Polypropyleneglycol 425 Polyglycol E-IOOO Polyglycol E-4000 Polyglycol E9000 (These compounds are sold by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation and are believed in the case of the ethylene oxide polymers to have the general formula HOCH CH O (CH O CHgCHgOH Our invention will. now be more specifically illustrated (made by condensing 1 approximately 15 moles of by reference to the following examples:
- This developer had a pH of 10.1.
- Strip 10/i Speed Gamma Fog Example 2 An emulsion similar to that used in Example 1 was exposed in the same way, a half-tone screen being inan alkylene oxide polymer selected from the class consisting of (1-) condensation productsof alkylene oxide with glycols, and (2) condensation products of an alkylene oxide with aliphatic compounds se- 5 lected from the class consisting of aliphatic monohydric alcohols, aliphatic monobasic acids, aliphatic monoamines and monohydric phenols,
- said alkylene oxide containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and said alkylene oxide polymer having a molecular weight of at least 400, and said developer containing susbtantially only said p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent as developing agent for silver halide.
- a photographic developer capable of producing high contrast images upon photographic development comprising a. developing solution containing a p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent,
- Sodlun ⁇ sulfite (fieslccated) 4.
- the p-dihydroxy- W K bromlde benzene developing agent is hydroquinone
- the polyethylsodlum blcarbonate eneglycol is the oleyl ether of polyethyleneglycol
- the Sodlum carbmate monohydrate 22 dissociated sulfite is sodium sulfite in an amount of about Water to 1 hter- 2.5 grams per liter, the developer being free of other sulfite.
- De pe 5 the p-dihydroxy- W K bromlde benzene developing agent is hydroquinone
- the polyethylsodlum blcarbonate eneglycol is the oleyl ether of polyethyleneglycol
- the Sodlum carbmate monohydrate 22 dissociated sulfite is sodium sulfite in an amount of about Water to 1 hter- 2.5 grams per liter, the developer being free of
- the method of developing a high contrast photo - t 3 fi$$ gfifi ii Gamma E EE graphic image in an exposed silver halide emulsion layer v r which comprises developing said exposed emulsion layer 1 in a photographic developer containing.
- alkylene oxide polymer selectedfrom the class, con- Y 7 sisting of (l) condensation products of alkylene 1 03mm 4000 2 1%. gig "g oxide with glycols, and (2) condensation products 7 J of an alkylene oxide with aliphatic com ounds se- .ii "i; lected from the class consisting, of aliphiitic mono- 1 ML Carbowax 6000 3 228. g g f hydric alcohols, aliphatic monobasic acids, aliphatic 5 .880 14.1 9 monoamrnes and monohydnc phenols, 1 cc.
- [1 muryl amine of Cap 5 23 8 said alkylene oxide containing from 2 to 4 carbon bownx 1500 4 .270 14.2 atoms and said alkylene oxide polymer having a g 328 1%; g molecular weight of at least 400, and said developer containing substantially only said p-dihydroxyben-
- dot quality is indicated by a scale of 1 iz g g agent as developmg agent for Sflver to 9 in which 1 is the poorest quality and 9 is the highest uality as determined by visual inspection.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,158,483 PHOTOGRAPI-HC DEVELDPERS CQNTAENlN'G RGLYALKYLENE GLYCQLS Wesley G. Lowe and Judith A. Schwan, Rochester, N.Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y-, a corporation of N ew Jersey No Drawing. Substituted for abandoned application Ser. No. 644,746, Mar. 8, 1957. This application Feb. 9, 1962, Ser. No. 172,097
5 Claims. (Cl. 9666) This invention relates to photography and particularly to improved photographic developers.
This application is a substitute for U.S. application Serial No. 644,746, filed March 8, 1957, now abandoned.
Photographic films used in the graphic arts for making half-tone or line images should be capable of producing extremely high contrast and good image sharpness. These factors contribute in the case of half-tone images to high dot quality, that is, to the production of halftone dots of high density and sharpness. In many cases, the photographic developers intended to produce high contrast images do not produce the high contrast desired, or if they produce high contrast images are deficient in tray life, that is, resistance to aerial oxidation.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and developer for producing high contrast photographic images. A further object is to provide a photographic developer capable of giving high contrast and at the same time having good aeration life. A still further object is a photographic developer capable of producing half-tone images of good dot quality. Other objects will be apparent from the following description of our invention.
These objects are accomplished by developing an exposed photographic silver halide emulsion, especially an emulsion designed for producing a high contrast image, in a solution of a p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent containing a polyalkyleneglycol, less than about 5 grams per liter of any dissociated sulfite and substantially no aminobenzene developing agent. However, relatively large quantities of an un-ionized sulfite, such as sodium formaldehyde bisulfite, may be present.
Our invention comprises in its broader aspects the use of a hydroquinone or substituted hydroquinone developing agent in a developing solution containing a polyalkylene glycol, especially a polyethylene glycol or one of its derivatives as hereinafter described, the solution being of low sulfite content, that is, containing less than 5 grams per liter of any sulfite. The solution should also be free of aminobenzenedeveloping agent such as the N-methyl-p-aminophenol commonly used.
Photographic emulsions designed for producing high contrast images such as Kodalith films (see Kodak Graphic Arts Films and Plates, Eastman Kodak Company, 1951) produce images having a gamma of 9 to 10 and half-tone dots of good qualitywhen developed in a suitable developing solution. However, it is desirable to increase the gamma obtainable in such emulsions and to improve half-tone dot quality, and the present invention enables this to be done.
Our developing solutions contain a p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent such as hydroquinone, toluhydroquinone, 2,5 dimethylhydroquinone, 2,5 diethylhydroquinone, etc., but are substantially free of aminobenzene developing agent such as p-aminophenol, N-methyl-paminophenol, p-phenylenediamine, etc. By substantially free we mean that the developing solution contains less than 0.05 gram per liter of these developing agents.
Our developers should contain little or no sulfite preservative, that is, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, tc. While this sulfite compound need not be entirely excluded from the developer its contents should not be greater than about 5 grams per liter of solution.
The polyalkyleneglycol or alkylene oxide polymers used in the developing solution are polymers derived from alkylene oxides containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide. The preparation of polymers from these compounds is described in Ellis, The Chemistry of Synthetic Resins (1935), page 990 to 994. Various derivatives of alkylene oxides may also be used in the developing solution, e.g., condensation products of alkylene oxide with glycols such as those having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms as described in U.S. Patent No. 2,240,472 and British'Patent 443,559, as Well as condensation products of alkylene oxides with aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic acids, aliphatic amines and phenols, that is, polyalkylene ethers, esters and amides, the preparation of which is described in U.S. Patent No. 1,970,578, and condensation products of alkylene oxide with hexitol ring dehydration products as described in U.S. Patent No. 2,400,532. These compounds should have a molecular weight of at least 400 and preferably from 1500 to 4000. The lower members of this group (molecular weight 400 to 1000) are difficult to handle due to their viscosity and tend to leave oily residues during processing. Polymers having a molecular weight of about 1000 and above are solids and are more easily handled. These compounds are sold by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation under the trade name Carbowax, e.g., Carbowax 1500, Carbowax 4000, Carbowax 6000, the numerals usually indicating average molecular weight. Carbowax 1500, however, has an average molecular weight between 500 and 600.
The following are examples of alkylene oxide polymers which we may employ:
Polyethyleneglycol 400 Polyethyleneglycol 600 Polypropyleneglycol 425 Polyglycol E-IOOO Polyglycol E-4000 Polyglycol E9000 (These compounds are sold by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation and are believed in the case of the ethylene oxide polymers to have the general formula HOCH CH O (CH O CHgCHgOH Our invention will. now be more specifically illustrated (made by condensing 1 approximately 15 moles of by reference to the following examples:
Example 1 Grams Hydroquinone 10 Sodium sulfite (desiccated) 2.5
Potassium bromide 2.4
Sodium carbonate, monohydrate 17.5 Water to 1 liter.
This developer had a pH of 10.1.
Strip 10/i Speed Gamma Fog Example 2 An emulsion similar to that used in Example 1 was exposed in the same way, a half-tone screen being inan alkylene oxide polymer selected from the class consisting of (1-) condensation productsof alkylene oxide with glycols, and (2) condensation products of an alkylene oxide with aliphatic compounds se- 5 lected from the class consisting of aliphatic monohydric alcohols, aliphatic monobasic acids, aliphatic monoamines and monohydric phenols,
said alkylene oxide containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and said alkylene oxide polymer having a molecular weight of at least 400, and said developer containing susbtantially only said p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent as developing agent for silver halide.
2. A photographic developer capable of producing high contrast images upon photographic development comprising a. developing solution containing a p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent,
an amount of dissociated sulfite less than about 5 serted in the exposing beam. Several strips were exposed grams P liter, p in this way, and after developing them in the followin a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of developer to which the amounts of polyethyleneglycol least and indicated in the table were added, fixing and washing, the Sand developer comammg Wbstamlauy only said P results shown in the table were obtained. y r y nz ne devcloplng agent as developing agent for silver halide. Developer: Grams 3. The developer of claim 2 inwhich the p-dihydroxyfiyqroqumone 10 benzene developing agent is hydroquinone. Sodlun} sulfite (fieslccated) 4. The developer of claim 2 in which the p-dihydroxy- W K bromlde benzene developing agent is hydroquinone, the polyethylsodlum blcarbonate eneglycol is the oleyl ether of polyethyleneglycol and the Sodlum carbmate monohydrate 22 dissociated sulfite is sodium sulfite in an amount of about Water to 1 hter- 2.5 grams per liter, the developer being free of other sulfite. De pe 5. The method of developing a high contrast photo.- t 3 fi$$ gfifi ii Gamma E EE graphic image in an exposed silver halide emulsion layer v r which comprises developing said exposed emulsion layer 1 in a photographic developer containing. Control g 33 Pg a p-dihydroxybenzene developing agent,
hi 1 1 6 1 3 an amount (if dissociated sulfite less than about 5 1 g./l. polyet y ene gyco 40 grams per iter, an
oleyl ether 2 I???) 5%.? 3 an alkylene oxide polymer selectedfrom the class, con- Y 7 sisting of (l) condensation products of alkylene 1 03mm 4000 2 1%. gig "g oxide with glycols, and (2) condensation products 7 J of an alkylene oxide with aliphatic com ounds se- .ii "i; lected from the class consisting, of aliphiitic mono- 1 ML Carbowax 6000 3 228. g g f hydric alcohols, aliphatic monobasic acids, aliphatic 5 .880 14.1 9 monoamrnes and monohydnc phenols, 1 cc. [1 muryl amine of Cap 5 23 8 said alkylene oxide containing from 2 to 4 carbon bownx 1500 4 .270 14.2 atoms and said alkylene oxide polymer having a g 328 1%; g molecular weight of at least 400, and said developer containing substantially only said p-dihydroxyben- In the table, dot quality is indicated by a scale of 1 iz g g agent as developmg agent for Sflver to 9 in which 1 is the poorest quality and 9 is the highest uality as determined by visual inspection. q It will be understood that the above examples are illus- Refekences Cited m the file of thls patent trative only, and that our invention is to be taken as lim- UNITED STATES PATENTS ited only by the scope of the appended claims. 2,886,437 Piper May 12, 1959 What we claim is: 2,902,367 Welliver et al Sept. 1, 1959 1. A photographic developer capable of prod cing 3,030,209 Henn et al. Apr. 17, 1962 high contrast images upon photographic development comprising a developing solution containing a p-dihydroxyhenzene developing agent, an amount of dissociated sulfite less than about 5 grams per liter, and
OTHER REFERENCES 6-36, Morgan and Lester, Publishers, New York, 1957.
Claims (1)
1. A PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPER CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HIGH CONTRAST IMAGES UPON PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT COMPRISING A DEVELOPING SOLUTION CONTAINING A P-DIHYDROXYBENZENE DEVELOPING AGENT, AN AMOUNT OF DISSOCIATED SULFITE LESS THAN ABOUT 5 GRAMS PER LITER, AND AN ALKYLENE OXIDE POLYMER SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF (1) CONDENSATION PRODUCTS OF ALKYLENE OXIDE WITH GLYCOLS, AND (2) CONDENSTATION PRODUCTS OF AN ALKYLENE OXIDE WITH ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF ALIPHATIC MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOLS, ALIPHATIC MONOBASIC ACIDS, ALIPHATIC MONOAMINES AND MONOHYDRIC PHENOLS, SAID ALKYLENE OXIDE CONTAINING FROM 2 TO 4 CARBON ATOMS AND SAID ALKYLENE OXIDE POLYMER HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AT LEAST 400, AND SAID DEVELOPER CONTAINING SUBSTANTIALLY ONLY SAID P-DIHYDROXYBENZENE DEVELOPING AGENT AS DEVELOPING AGENT FOR SILVER HALIDE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64474657A | 1957-03-08 | 1957-03-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3158483A true US3158483A (en) | 1964-11-24 |
Family
ID=24586169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US172097A Expired - Lifetime US3158483A (en) | 1957-03-08 | 1962-02-09 | Photographic developers containing polyalkylene glycols |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3158483A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1209925A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB874078A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3346386A (en) * | 1962-12-17 | 1967-10-10 | Agfa Ag | Polycondensation products of phosphoric acid amides with aliphatic polyethers as developer adjuvants |
| US3495981A (en) * | 1965-06-17 | 1970-02-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Color developing process |
| US3518085A (en) * | 1965-09-23 | 1970-06-30 | Eastman Kodak Co | Lith-type emulsions containing a polyalkyleneoxy polymer and a 3-pyrazolidone developing agent |
| DE2061844A1 (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1971-07-01 | EI du Pont de Nemours and Co , Wilmington, Del (V St A ) | Silver halide developer solution for lithographic purposes |
| US3899336A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1975-08-12 | Polaroid Corp | Processing composition for diffusion transfer color process containing polyethylene glycol |
| US3972719A (en) * | 1971-02-15 | 1976-08-03 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Photographic developer compositions |
| JPS5549298B1 (en) * | 1971-02-15 | 1980-12-11 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2886437A (en) * | 1955-12-01 | 1959-05-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsions sensitized with alkylene oxide polymers and quaternary ammonium compounds |
| US2902367A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1959-09-01 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic developer antioxidant |
| US3030209A (en) * | 1958-07-02 | 1962-04-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | High-contrast photographic silver chloride emulsions and method of processing |
-
1958
- 1958-03-07 FR FR1209925D patent/FR1209925A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-03-10 GB GB7692/58A patent/GB874078A/en not_active Expired
-
1962
- 1962-02-09 US US172097A patent/US3158483A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2886437A (en) * | 1955-12-01 | 1959-05-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsions sensitized with alkylene oxide polymers and quaternary ammonium compounds |
| US2902367A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1959-09-01 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic developer antioxidant |
| US3030209A (en) * | 1958-07-02 | 1962-04-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | High-contrast photographic silver chloride emulsions and method of processing |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3346386A (en) * | 1962-12-17 | 1967-10-10 | Agfa Ag | Polycondensation products of phosphoric acid amides with aliphatic polyethers as developer adjuvants |
| US3495981A (en) * | 1965-06-17 | 1970-02-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Color developing process |
| US3518085A (en) * | 1965-09-23 | 1970-06-30 | Eastman Kodak Co | Lith-type emulsions containing a polyalkyleneoxy polymer and a 3-pyrazolidone developing agent |
| DE2061844A1 (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1971-07-01 | EI du Pont de Nemours and Co , Wilmington, Del (V St A ) | Silver halide developer solution for lithographic purposes |
| US3622330A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1971-11-23 | Du Pont | Lithographic developer containing an anionic fatty alcohol sulfate and a nonionic polyethylene oxide surfactant |
| US3972719A (en) * | 1971-02-15 | 1976-08-03 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Photographic developer compositions |
| JPS5549298B1 (en) * | 1971-02-15 | 1980-12-11 | ||
| US3899336A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1975-08-12 | Polaroid Corp | Processing composition for diffusion transfer color process containing polyethylene glycol |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1209925A (en) | 1960-03-04 |
| GB874078A (en) | 1961-08-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3158483A (en) | Photographic developers containing polyalkylene glycols | |
| US3865591A (en) | General purpose developer | |
| FI68473B (en) | HOEGKONTRASTERANDE LITOGRAFISK HELTONSFRAMKALLARE | |
| CA1060697A (en) | Processing solution for use as photographic developer bath and replenisher therefor | |
| GB1265394A (en) | ||
| EP0738400B1 (en) | Non-hydroquinone photographic developer composition and processing method | |
| US4017314A (en) | Use of crown compounds (cyclic polyethers) in litho developers to improve halftone dot quality and gradation | |
| US3793027A (en) | Developing composition for use with photographic materials for the graphic arts | |
| US3573914A (en) | Photographic developer composition containing carbonyl bisulfite amine condensation product and free amine | |
| US3833378A (en) | Developer composition for producing photographic materials for the graphic arts | |
| US4147543A (en) | Developer compositions for high contrast diffusion transfer photographic materials and process therefor | |
| US2533990A (en) | Silver halide developer compositions containing polyoxyalkylene ethers of hexitol ring dehydration products | |
| US3622330A (en) | Lithographic developer containing an anionic fatty alcohol sulfate and a nonionic polyethylene oxide surfactant | |
| CA1038538A (en) | Development modifiers for silver halide emulsions | |
| US4756990A (en) | Method of effecting high contrast development of an image-wise exposed photographic silver halide emulsion layer material | |
| US3162534A (en) | Photographic developer | |
| US3576637A (en) | Lith-type of emulsion containing pyrozolone | |
| US3255013A (en) | Increasing the sensitivity of photographic emulsions | |
| US3684512A (en) | Photographic monobaths | |
| US3294537A (en) | Lith-type emulsions with organosilicone block copolymers | |
| US3255008A (en) | Photographic processing compositions | |
| US2113312A (en) | Fine grain photographic developer | |
| US2550617A (en) | Fine grain photographic developer containing morpholine | |
| US3276874A (en) | Photographic developer starter solutions | |
| US3409435A (en) | Silver halide gelatin coating compositions containing a viscosity reducing agent |