US3031297A - Oxidation resistant alloy - Google Patents
Oxidation resistant alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3031297A US3031297A US850730A US85073059A US3031297A US 3031297 A US3031297 A US 3031297A US 850730 A US850730 A US 850730A US 85073059 A US85073059 A US 85073059A US 3031297 A US3031297 A US 3031297A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- chromium
- weight percent
- yttrium
- calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000946 Y alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron-chromium-calcium-yttrium Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
Definitions
- the held of high temperature metallurgy is, for most practical purposes, limited to the utilization of oxidation resistant iron base and nickel base alloys, and the use of even these materials is limited to temperatures not in excess of 2000 F.
- the only other generally available materials which might be expected to have useful strength, oxidation resistance above 2000 F. and workability are chromium base or iron-chromium base alloys. While high temperature, high strength, structural, chromium base and iron-chromium base alloys do exist, the usefulness of such alloys has been limited by oxide film formation on the surface of such alloys which does not afiord suflicient protection against further oxidation at high temperatures. The chromium oxide film which is formed during heating of the metal in air provides some useful protection at temperatures up to 2000 F. Above this temperature, oxidation is sufiiciently rapid to discourage use of the metal at such elevated temperatures.
- Iron-chromium base alloys which would provide high strength, good oxidation resistance and cladding protection for base alloys at temperatures in excess of 2000 F. are desirable.
- the invention of the present application provides such iron-chromium base alloys with improved workability and an improved oxide film.
- 'It is another object of my invention to provide an iron-chromium base alloy with improved workability.
- An alloy of iron, chromium, calcium and yttrium which consists of from 0.005 to 0.015 weight percent calcium, from 0.5 to 1.5 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 35.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
- An alloy of iron, chromium, calcium and yttrium which consists of 0.01 weight percent calcium, from 0.5 to 1.5 Weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 35.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
- An alloy of iron, chromium, calcium and yttrium which consists of 0.01 weight percent calcium, 1.0 weight percent yttrium, 25.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,031,297 OXIDATION RESISTANT ALLOY Sanford Baranow, Mason, Ohio, assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed Nov. 3, 1959, Ser. No. 850,730 3 Claims. (Cl. 75126) This invention relates to high temperature, oxidation resistant alloys and, more particularly, to alloys of iron, chromium, calcium and yttrium.
For applications in air, the held of high temperature metallurgy is, for most practical purposes, limited to the utilization of oxidation resistant iron base and nickel base alloys, and the use of even these materials is limited to temperatures not in excess of 2000 F. The only other generally available materials which might be expected to have useful strength, oxidation resistance above 2000 F. and workability are chromium base or iron-chromium base alloys. While high temperature, high strength, structural, chromium base and iron-chromium base alloys do exist, the usefulness of such alloys has been limited by oxide film formation on the surface of such alloys which does not afiord suflicient protection against further oxidation at high temperatures. The chromium oxide film which is formed during heating of the metal in air provides some useful protection at temperatures up to 2000 F. Above this temperature, oxidation is sufiiciently rapid to discourage use of the metal at such elevated temperatures.
In copending application, Serial No. 842,517 filed September 25, 1959, in the names of James A. McGurty and John F. Collins, a ternary oxidation resistant iron-chromium alloy is disclosed and claimed which consists of from 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron. Iron-chromium base alloys with small amounts of yttrium are stable in air to temperatures well above 2000 F. These ternary alloys of iron, chromium and yttrium have good oxidation resistance at temperatures in excess of 2000 F.
Iron-chromium base alloys which would provide high strength, good oxidation resistance and cladding protection for base alloys at temperatures in excess of 2000 F. are desirable. The invention of the present application provides such iron-chromium base alloys with improved workability and an improved oxide film.
It is an object of my invention to provide an alloy of iron, chromium, calcium and yttrium.
It is another object of my invention to provide an iron-chromium base alloy with an improved oxide film.
'It is another object of my invention to provide an iron-chromium base alloy with improved workability.
It is a further object of my invention to provide an alloy which has superior oxidation resistance at temperatures in excess of 2000 F.
In carrying out my invention in one form, from 0.005 to 0.015 weight percent calcium, and from 0.5 to 1.5 weight percent yttrium are combined with an iron-chromium base alloy having from 20.0 to 35.0 weight percent chromium and the balance of iron to provide a high temperature, oxidation resistant alloy with improved workability and an improved oxide These and various other objects, features and advan- "ice tages of the invention will be better understood from the following description.
I discovered unexpectedly that small additions of calcium and yttrium to iron-chromium base alloys produced alloys which had superior oxidation resistance in air at temperatures in excess of 2000 F., improved workability, and improved oxide films. The addition of from 0.005 to 0.015 Weight percent of calcium, and from 0.5 to 1.5 weigh percent yttrium to iron-chromium alloys having from 20.0 to 35.0 weight percent chromium and the balance of iron provided these extraordinary eflects. While this weight percent of calcium improved this alloy, 0.01 weight percent calcium appeared to be the optimum amount of this addition to the alloy.
During the research which led to the discovery of these oxidation resistant iron-chromium alloys, a series of small vacuum melted iron-chromium-calcium-yttrium buttons were prepared. These alloy buttons, containing from 0.005 to 0.015 weight percent calcium, from 0.5 to 1.5 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 35.0 weight percent chromium and the balance of iron, were heated in air at 2300 F. for hours. The specimens were then examined metallographically and weight changes measured. The data tabulated in Table I shows the excellent stability of the iron-chromium base alloys containing calcium and yttrium as compared with iron-chromium base alloys.
While other modifications of this invention which may be employed within the scope of the invention have not been described, the invention is intended to include all such as may be embraced within the following claims.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An alloy of iron, chromium, calcium and yttrium which consists of from 0.005 to 0.015 weight percent calcium, from 0.5 to 1.5 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 35.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
2. An alloy of iron, chromium, calcium and yttrium which consists of 0.01 weight percent calcium, from 0.5 to 1.5 Weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 35.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
3. An alloy of iron, chromium, calcium and yttrium which consists of 0.01 weight percent calcium, 1.0 weight percent yttrium, 25.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain July 12, 1938
Claims (1)
1. AN ALLOY OF IRON, CHROMIUM, CALCIUM AND YTTRIUM WHICH CONSISTS OF FROM 0.005 TO 0.0015 WEIGHT PERCENT CALCIUM, FROM 0.5 TO 1.5 WEIGHT PERCENT YTTRIUM, FROM 20.0 TO 35.0 WEIGHT PERCENT CHROMIUM, AND THE BALANCE BEING IRON.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US850730A US3031297A (en) | 1959-11-03 | 1959-11-03 | Oxidation resistant alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US850730A US3031297A (en) | 1959-11-03 | 1959-11-03 | Oxidation resistant alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3031297A true US3031297A (en) | 1962-04-24 |
Family
ID=25308960
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US850730A Expired - Lifetime US3031297A (en) | 1959-11-03 | 1959-11-03 | Oxidation resistant alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3031297A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3107995A (en) * | 1961-04-06 | 1963-10-22 | Katakura Sampei | Refining material for iron and steel and method of producing same |
| US3331682A (en) * | 1965-01-14 | 1967-07-18 | Hitachi Ltd | Low alloyed heat resisting steel |
| DE1258110B (en) * | 1964-04-06 | 1968-01-04 | Atomic Energy Commission | Use of an oxidation-resistant, non-brittle iron alloy as a material for components in superheated steam systems |
| US3516865A (en) * | 1967-08-30 | 1970-06-23 | Gen Electric | Electrochemical cell including iron-chromium alloy conductor connected to cathode |
| US4999158A (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1991-03-12 | Chrysler Corporation | Oxidation resistant iron base alloy compositions |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2104836A (en) * | 1935-03-07 | 1938-01-11 | Firm Heracus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Heat-resisting implement |
| GB488926A (en) * | 1936-04-11 | 1938-07-12 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Improvements in and relating to heat resistant alloys and articles comprising the same |
-
1959
- 1959-11-03 US US850730A patent/US3031297A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2104836A (en) * | 1935-03-07 | 1938-01-11 | Firm Heracus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Heat-resisting implement |
| GB488926A (en) * | 1936-04-11 | 1938-07-12 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Improvements in and relating to heat resistant alloys and articles comprising the same |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3107995A (en) * | 1961-04-06 | 1963-10-22 | Katakura Sampei | Refining material for iron and steel and method of producing same |
| DE1258110B (en) * | 1964-04-06 | 1968-01-04 | Atomic Energy Commission | Use of an oxidation-resistant, non-brittle iron alloy as a material for components in superheated steam systems |
| US3331682A (en) * | 1965-01-14 | 1967-07-18 | Hitachi Ltd | Low alloyed heat resisting steel |
| US3516865A (en) * | 1967-08-30 | 1970-06-23 | Gen Electric | Electrochemical cell including iron-chromium alloy conductor connected to cathode |
| US4999158A (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1991-03-12 | Chrysler Corporation | Oxidation resistant iron base alloy compositions |
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