US3017266A - Austenitic steel and articles made therefrom - Google Patents
Austenitic steel and articles made therefrom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3017266A US3017266A US33374A US3337460A US3017266A US 3017266 A US3017266 A US 3017266A US 33374 A US33374 A US 33374A US 3337460 A US3337460 A US 3337460A US 3017266 A US3017266 A US 3017266A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- columbium
- nickel
- boron
- vanadium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ROJMAHHOFDIQTI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron;piperazine Chemical compound [Ca+2].C1CNCCN1.OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ROJMAHHOFDIQTI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the base composition of steels according to this invention is as follows: chromium 12 to 18%, nickel 8 to 20%, manganese 3 to 10% and carbon 0.05 to 0.15%.
- the steels according to the invention also contain at least 0.5% molybdenum. They may contain tungsten as well, but no advantage is gained.
- the total content of Mo+2W is not more than 4%.
- the steels contain from 0.005 to 0.075%, and preferably from 0.005 to 0.007%, boron.
- the steels contain at least 0.5% columbium with or without vanadium. Tantalum is the equivalent of columbium and may be used in its place. In making the steel I prefer to use commercial columbium, which is rarely free from tantalum.
- the columbium-l-tantalum content is preferably at least 10 times the carbon content. The total amount of columbium+tantalum and vanadium should not exceed 3%.
- Titanium is not the equivalent of vanadium or columbium, but may be tolerated in minor amounts.
- the steel may also contain any of the other incidental elements and impurities commonly present in chromiumnickel steel, and as used herein the statement that the balance of the steel is iron is not intended to exclude these incidental elements and impurities.
- the reasons for these various ranges of alloy elements will now be considered. First, it must be understood that before the tubes or other articles made from the steels are put into service the steels are always heattreated for the purposes of homogenisation, stress-relief after fabrication and putting the steel into the most effective condition to resist creep.
- the heat treatment comprises heating at a high temperature, usually from 1920 to 2100 F., and is most conveniently a normalising treatment. It must also be understood that the steel should be fully austenitic.
- the chromium content is determined by the need to impart adequate oxidation resistance on the one hand and to ensure that the steel is fully austenitic on the other hand.
- Nickel there must be at least 8% nickel to ensure that the steel is fully austenitic and has edequate strength at high temperatures.
- Nickel is expensive,- and too much nickel reduces the ductility at high temperatures; there may be 7 3,017,266 Patented Jan. 16, 1962 up to 20% nickel, but there is no advantage in making the nickel content more than 14%.
- the manganese imparts ductility, and for this purpose at least 3% and preferably 5% is required. Too much manganese lowers the melting point to such an extent as to increase the fabrication difiiculties, and therefore not more than 10% should be present.
- the molybdenum is found to improve the life to rupture under stress. Tungsten has the same effect and if it is present the temperature of the heat treatment should be higher than if it is absent. Both molybdenum and tungsten enter into and form part of the base composition of the alloy.
- Boron is particularly advantageous in increasing the stress-to-rupture properties. As the boron content increases ditiiculty in hot-working and welding the steel also increases, so the boron content is preferably low. Reduction in the rupture strength brought about by the use of only a low boron content can be offset by the use of a relatively high columbium-l-tantalum content and the simultaneous use of a low carbon content.
- the preferred steels according to the invention have the following composition:
- Table 1 refers to steels which were heat-treated at 2100 F. for /2 hour and air-cooled, and specimens of which were tested at 1290 F. under a stress of 15 tons per square inch. All the steels of nominal composition: 6% manganese, 16% chromium and 0.5% silicon. Steels l to 4 contained 8% nickel and steel 5 contained 10% nickel. The analyses of the other elements, and some of the stress-to-rupture properties of the steels, were as follows:
- the steels according to the invention may be fabricated and welded easily; possess good rupture properties; and can be heat-treated at temperatures within the range of 1920 to 2100 F., whereas existing steels of comparable properties must be heat-treated at distinctly higher temperaturcs and are of more expensive composition.
- Austenitic steel essentially consisting of chromium from 12 to 18%, nickel from 8 to 20%, manganese from 3 to 10%, carbon from 0.05 to 0.15%, boron ttrom 0.005 to 0.075%, columbium+tantalum at least 0.5%, vanadium up to 2.5%, the total of columbium-l-tantailum and vanadium not exceeding 3%, molybdenum from 0.5 to 4% and tungsten up to 3.5% the total of molybdenum and tungsten not exceeding 4%, and the balance iron.
- Austenitic steel essentially consisting of 0.08 to 0.12% of carbon, 6.0 to 6.5% of manganese, 0.4 to 0.6% of silicon, 9 to 11% of nickel, 14 to 16% of chromium, 0.9 to 1.1% of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.6% of vanadium, 0.8 to 1.2% of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, 0.005 to 0.007% of boron and the balance iron.
- Superheating tubing made of an austenitic steel essentially consisting of 0.08 to 0.12% of carbon, 6.0 to 6.5 of manganese, 0.4 to 0.6% of silicon, 9 to 11% of nickel, 14 to 16% of chromium, 0.9 to 1.1% of 4 molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.6% of vanadium, 0.8 to 1.2% of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, 0.005 to 0.007% of boron and the balance iron,
- Tailpipes of gas turbine engines for aircraft made of an austenitic steel essentially consisting of 0.08 to 0.12% of carbon, 6.0 to 6.5% of manganese, 0.4 to 0.6% of silicon, 9 to 11% of nickel, 14 to 16% of chromium, 0.9 to 1.1% of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.6% of vanadium, 0.8 to 1.2% of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, 0.005 to 0.007% of boron and the balance iron,
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,017,266 AUSTENITIC STEEL AND ARTICLES MADE THEREFROM Joseph D. Murray, Shelfield, England, assignor to The United Steel Companies Limited No Drawing. Filed June 2, 1960, Ser. No. 33,374 9 Claims. (Cl. 75-128) Stress, tons/sq. in. Rupture life, Elongation,
hrs. percent My objectis to provide steels having substantially improved stress-to-rupture properties, as well as easy fabrication and weldability.
The base composition of steels according to this invention is as follows: chromium 12 to 18%, nickel 8 to 20%, manganese 3 to 10% and carbon 0.05 to 0.15%. The steels according to the invention also contain at least 0.5% molybdenum. They may contain tungsten as well, but no advantage is gained. The total content of Mo+2W is not more than 4%.
An important feature is that the steels contain from 0.005 to 0.075%, and preferably from 0.005 to 0.007%, boron.
In addition the steels contain at least 0.5% columbium with or without vanadium. Tantalum is the equivalent of columbium and may be used in its place. In making the steel I prefer to use commercial columbium, which is rarely free from tantalum. The columbium-l-tantalum content is preferably at least 10 times the carbon content. The total amount of columbium+tantalum and vanadium should not exceed 3%.
Titanium is not the equivalent of vanadium or columbium, but may be tolerated in minor amounts.
The steel may also contain any of the other incidental elements and impurities commonly present in chromiumnickel steel, and as used herein the statement that the balance of the steel is iron is not intended to exclude these incidental elements and impurities.
The reasons for these various ranges of alloy elements will now be considered. First, it must be understood that before the tubes or other articles made from the steels are put into service the steels are always heattreated for the purposes of homogenisation, stress-relief after fabrication and putting the steel into the most effective condition to resist creep. The heat treatment comprises heating at a high temperature, usually from 1920 to 2100 F., and is most conveniently a normalising treatment. It must also be understood that the steel should be fully austenitic.
The chromium content is determined by the need to impart adequate oxidation resistance on the one hand and to ensure that the steel is fully austenitic on the other hand.
There must be at least 8% nickel to ensure that the steel is fully austenitic and has edequate strength at high temperatures. Nickel is expensive,- and too much nickel reduces the ductility at high temperatures; there may be 7 3,017,266 Patented Jan. 16, 1962 up to 20% nickel, but there is no advantage in making the nickel content more than 14%.
The manganese imparts ductility, and for this purpose at least 3% and preferably 5% is required. Too much manganese lowers the melting point to such an extent as to increase the fabrication difiiculties, and therefore not more than 10% should be present.
The molybdenum is found to improve the life to rupture under stress. Tungsten has the same effect and if it is present the temperature of the heat treatment should be higher than if it is absent. Both molybdenum and tungsten enter into and form part of the base composition of the alloy.
Vanadium and columbium enter into solution at high temperatures and precipitate at lower temperatures. In choosing the most suitable composition regard must be had to the temperature of heat treatment, since at 1920 F. neither vanadium nor columbium is fully in solution; the part these elements play is then important in determining the life to rupture.
Boron is particularly advantageous in increasing the stress-to-rupture properties. As the boron content increases ditiiculty in hot-working and welding the steel also increases, so the boron content is preferably low. Reduction in the rupture strength brought about by the use of only a low boron content can be offset by the use of a relatively high columbium-l-tantalum content and the simultaneous use of a low carbon content.
The preferred steels according to the invention have the following composition:
The effect of the various elements is shown by the results of stress-rupture tests under creep conditions. Table 1 below refers to steels which were heat-treated at 2100 F. for /2 hour and air-cooled, and specimens of which were tested at 1290 F. under a stress of 15 tons per square inch. All the steels of nominal composition: 6% manganese, 16% chromium and 0.5% silicon. Steels l to 4 contained 8% nickel and steel 5 contained 10% nickel. The analyses of the other elements, and some of the stress-to-rupture properties of the steels, were as follows:
Life to Elonga- Steel No. G M0 V Cb B rupture tion perin hours cent It will be seen that steels l to 3 are not in accordance with the invention. In steels 1 and 2 both the columbium and the boron contents are too low, and both the life to rupture and the elongation are reduced. Steel 3 is boronfree, and although the high columbium content gives it a good life to rupture the absence of boron leads to much reduced elongation. Steel 4 shows the effect of including a small amount of boron in a steel otherwise substantially the same as steel 3.
The steels according to the invention may be fabricated and welded easily; possess good rupture properties; and can be heat-treated at temperatures within the range of 1920 to 2100 F., whereas existing steels of comparable properties must be heat-treated at distinctly higher temperaturcs and are of more expensive composition.
I claim:
1. Austenitic steel essentially consisting of chromium from 12 to 18%, nickel from 8 to 20%, manganese from 3 to 10%, carbon from 0.05 to 0.15%, boron ttrom 0.005 to 0.075%, columbium+tantalum at least 0.5%, vanadium up to 2.5%, the total of columbium-l-tantailum and vanadium not exceeding 3%, molybdenum from 0.5 to 4% and tungsten up to 3.5% the total of molybdenum and tungsten not exceeding 4%, and the balance iron.
2. Steel according to claim 1 in which the boron content does not exceed 0.007%.
3. Steel according to claim 1 in which the nickel content does not exceed 14%.
' 4. Steel according to claim 1 in which the columbium-l-tantalum content is at least 10 times the carbon content.
I 5. Austenitic steel essentially consisting of 0.08 to 0.12% of carbon, 6.0 to 6.5% of manganese, 0.4 to 0.6% of silicon, 9 to 11% of nickel, 14 to 16% of chromium, 0.9 to 1.1% of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.6% of vanadium, 0.8 to 1.2% of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, 0.005 to 0.007% of boron and the balance iron.
6. Superheating tubing made of an austenitic steel essentially consisting of 0.08 to 0.12% of carbon, 6.0 to 6.5 of manganese, 0.4 to 0.6% of silicon, 9 to 11% of nickel, 14 to 16% of chromium, 0.9 to 1.1% of 4 molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.6% of vanadium, 0.8 to 1.2% of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, 0.005 to 0.007% of boron and the balance iron,
7. Steam pipes made of an austenitic steel essentially consisting of 0.08 to 0.12% of carbon, 6.0 to 6.5% of manganese, 0.4 to 0.6% of silicon, 9 to 11% of nickel, 14 to 16% of chromium, 0.9 to 1.1% of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.6% of vanadium, 0.8 to 1.2% of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, 0.005 to 0.007% of boron and the balance Iron.
8. Steam heaters made of an austenitic steel essentially consisting of 0.08 to 0.12% of carbon, 6.0 to 6.5% of manganese, 0.4 to 0.6% of silicon, 9 to 11% of nickel, 14 to 16% of chromium, 0.9 to 1.1% of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.6% of vanadium, 0.8 to 1.2% of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, 0.005 to 0.007% of boron and the balance iron.
9. Tailpipes of gas turbine engines for aircraft made of an austenitic steel essentially consisting of 0.08 to 0.12% of carbon, 6.0 to 6.5% of manganese, 0.4 to 0.6% of silicon, 9 to 11% of nickel, 14 to 16% of chromium, 0.9 to 1.1% of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.6% of vanadium, 0.8 to 1.2% of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, 0.005 to 0.007% of boron and the balance iron,
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,750,283 Loveless June 12, 1956 2,772,155 Eisermann et a1 Nov. 27, 1956
Claims (1)
1. AUSTENITIC STEEL ESSENTIALLY CONSISTING OF CHROMIUM FROM 12 TO 18%, NICKEL FROIM 8 TO 2/%, MANGANESE FROM 3 TO 10%, CARBON FROM 0.05 TO 0.15%, BORON FROM 0.005 TO 0.07K%, COLUMBIUM + TANTALUM AT LEAST 0.5% VANADIUM NOT EXCEEDING 3%, THE TOTAL OF COLUMBIUM + TANTALUM AND VANADIUM NOT EXCEEDING 3%, MOLYBEDNUM FROM 0.5 TO 4%, AND TUNGSTEN UP TO 3.5%, THE TOTAL OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN NOT EXCEEDING 4%, AND THE BALANCE IRON.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33374A US3017266A (en) | 1960-06-02 | 1960-06-02 | Austenitic steel and articles made therefrom |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33374A US3017266A (en) | 1960-06-02 | 1960-06-02 | Austenitic steel and articles made therefrom |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3017266A true US3017266A (en) | 1962-01-16 |
Family
ID=21870062
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33374A Expired - Lifetime US3017266A (en) | 1960-06-02 | 1960-06-02 | Austenitic steel and articles made therefrom |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3017266A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2521595A1 (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-08-19 | Kubota Ltd | NON-MAGNETIC ALLOY HAVING GREAT HARDNESS AND GOOD WELDABILITY |
| EP0077079A3 (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1983-09-21 | Kubota Ltd. | Non-magnetic alloy having high hardness |
| US20110248071A1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-10-13 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | Austenitic welding material, and preventive maintenance method for stress corrosion cracking and preventive maintenance method for intergranular corrosion, using same |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2750283A (en) * | 1953-05-27 | 1956-06-12 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steels containing boron |
| US2772155A (en) * | 1952-10-18 | 1956-11-27 | Sulzer Ag | Heat-resisting austenitic steel alloys |
-
1960
- 1960-06-02 US US33374A patent/US3017266A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2772155A (en) * | 1952-10-18 | 1956-11-27 | Sulzer Ag | Heat-resisting austenitic steel alloys |
| US2750283A (en) * | 1953-05-27 | 1956-06-12 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steels containing boron |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0077079A3 (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1983-09-21 | Kubota Ltd. | Non-magnetic alloy having high hardness |
| FR2521595A1 (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-08-19 | Kubota Ltd | NON-MAGNETIC ALLOY HAVING GREAT HARDNESS AND GOOD WELDABILITY |
| US20110248071A1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-10-13 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | Austenitic welding material, and preventive maintenance method for stress corrosion cracking and preventive maintenance method for intergranular corrosion, using same |
| US8322592B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2012-12-04 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | Austenitic welding material, and preventive maintenance method for stress corrosion cracking and preventive maintenance method for intergranular corrosion, using same |
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