US3000731A - Fine-grained steels - Google Patents
Fine-grained steels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3000731A US3000731A US740995A US74099558A US3000731A US 3000731 A US3000731 A US 3000731A US 740995 A US740995 A US 740995A US 74099558 A US74099558 A US 74099558A US 3000731 A US3000731 A US 3000731A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- calcium
- fine
- iron
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Fe] Chemical compound [Ca].[Fe] WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
Definitions
- the control of the grain size of a steel has heretofore been effected by adding to the steel a suitable amount of an element such as Al, Ti, V, Zr and N.
- a Fe-Ca base alloy or other calcium alloys and, if desired, one or more elements such as cerium, lithium, barium, strontium and magnesium are used.
- the iron-calcium base alloy contains 10 to 80% iron, 5 to 40% calcium and 5 to 55% of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nickel, silicon, aluminum and manganese.
- Example 11 A molten bath of chrome molybdenum steel containing 0.35% C, 0.19% Si, 0.77% Mn, 1.00% Cr and 0.22% Mo was treated with 1% of iron-calcium base alloy (Fe 33.5%, Ca 29.5% and Si 36%).
- a steel ingot manufactured by the above method of this invention was quenched and tempered after forging and rolling, and in comparing the results of the steel which was treated with calcium and that not treated, the former showed a grain size of 7.9, while the latter showed 6.5 A.S.T.M. grain size.
- a method of manufacturing a line-grained steel which comprises adding to a molten bath of steel containing less than about 1.7 of carbon, an iron-calciumsilicon-manganese alloy consisting essentially of at least 10% of iron, 5 to 40% of calcium and 5 to of manganese and silicon respectively so as to retain 0.001 to 0.05% of calcium in the casting, and then casting the molten steel into a mold.
- a method of manufacturing a fine-grained steel which comprises adding to a molten bath of steel containing less than about 1.7 of carbon, an iron-calciumsilicon-manganese-aluminum alloy consisting essentially of at least 10% of iron, 5 to 40% of calcium, and 5 to 55% each of manganese, silicon and aluminum, so as to retain 0.001 to 0.05 of calcium in the casting, and then casting the molten steel into a mold.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
3,000,731 FINE-GED STEELS Tohei Ototani, Tokyo, Japan, assignor to The Research Institute for Iron, Steel and Other Metals of The Tohoku University, Sendai City, Japan No Drawing. Filed June 10, 1958, Ser. No. 740,995 Claims priority, application Japan Feb. 3, 1958 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-129) This invention relates to fine-grained steels and methods of manufacturing the same.
The object of this invention is to provide a fine-grained steel having improved toughness and machinability.
The control of the grain size of a steel has heretofore been effected by adding to the steel a suitable amount of an element such as Al, Ti, V, Zr and N.
According to this invention, in order to improve grain size control, a Fe-Ca base alloy, or other calcium alloys and, if desired, one or more elements such as cerium, lithium, barium, strontium and magnesium are used.
According to the invention, the iron-calcium base alloy contains 10 to 80% iron, 5 to 40% calcium and 5 to 55% of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nickel, silicon, aluminum and manganese.
The method of this invention is characterized in that a molten bath of carbon and alloy steels containing less than about 1.7% of carbon is treated so as to retain 0.001 to 0.05% of calcium by adding the iron-calcium alloy.
An advantage of this invention is that it is not necessary to eifect deoxidation and de-sulfurization so perfectly that the product contains oxygen from 0.001 to 0.005% and sulfur from 0.003 to 0.015% in order to constitute finegrained steel. Even when the resulting steel contains more than 0.015 of sulfur and more than 0.005% of oxygen, it has a fine-grained structure provided that the amount of residual calcium in the product is more than 0.001%.
In carrying out the method of this invention it is necessary for the molten bath to be previously de-oxidized and de-sulfurized suitably. This is desirable for the effective use of the above mentioned additives.
This invention can be applied to carbon steels and all kinds of alloy steels containing less than 1.7% of carbon, that is, not only to an ordinary carbon steel but also to alloy steels containing less than 1.7% carbon together with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of silicon, manganese, nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium and zirconium. The steel subjected to the above treatment has fine-grained structure and improved characteristics without substantial change in tensile strength and its machinability is improved. The improvement in the mechanical properties of such treated steels is remarkable, especially in quenched and annealed state.
Example I A molten bath of hypo-eutectoid steel containing 0.69%
Patented Sept. 19, 1961 carbon, 0.25% silicon, 1.03% manganese, 0.021% phosphor, 0.022% sulfur was prepared and to this bath was added 0.5% of Fe-Ca base alloy (Fe 15.6%, Mn 12;7%, Ca 20.5%, Si 45.7% and Mg 4.5%.)
A steel ingot manufactured by the above method of this invention after annealed at 900 C. for 6 hours had a tensile strength of 71.0 kg./mm. an elongation of 25.5% (gauge length, mm.) with a reduction of area of 31.6%, and a Brinell hardness number of 177; thus it is characterized in that the elongation and the reduction of area are high. The ingot contained a very small amount of non-metallic substances and the grain size was 7.5 according to the index of Timken A.S.T.M. grain size so that the steel was finer and cleaner than the grain size 5 of steel which is not treated with calcium.
Example 11 A molten bath of chrome molybdenum steel containing 0.35% C, 0.19% Si, 0.77% Mn, 1.00% Cr and 0.22% Mo was treated with 1% of iron-calcium base alloy (Fe 33.5%, Ca 29.5% and Si 36%).
A steel ingot manufactured by the above method of this invention was quenched and tempered after forging and rolling, and in comparing the results of the steel which was treated with calcium and that not treated, the former showed a grain size of 7.9, while the latter showed 6.5 A.S.T.M. grain size.
What I claim is:
1. A method of manufacturing a line-grained steel, which comprises adding to a molten bath of steel containing less than about 1.7 of carbon, an iron-calciumsilicon-manganese alloy consisting essentially of at least 10% of iron, 5 to 40% of calcium and 5 to of manganese and silicon respectively so as to retain 0.001 to 0.05% of calcium in the casting, and then casting the molten steel into a mold.
2. A method of manufacturing a fine-grained steel, which comprises adding to a molten bath of steel containing less than about 1.7 of carbon, an iron-calciumsilicon-manganese-aluminum alloy consisting essentially of at least 10% of iron, 5 to 40% of calcium, and 5 to 55% each of manganese, silicon and aluminum, so as to retain 0.001 to 0.05 of calcium in the casting, and then casting the molten steel into a mold.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,280,283 Crafts Apr. 21, 1942 2,343,956 Crafts Mar. 14, 1944 I FOREIGN PATENTS 885,247 France May 24, 1943 OTHER REFERENCES Carlsson: Jernkontorets Annaler, vol. 137, No. 7, 1948, pages 221-236. Published in Stockholm, Sweden.
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A FINE-GRAINED STEEL, WHICH COMPRISES ADDING TO A MOLTEN BATH OF STEEL CONTAINING LESS THAN ABOUT 1.7% OF CARBON, AN IRON-CALCIUMSILICON-MANGANESE ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AT LEAST 10% OF IRON, 5 TO 40% OF CALCIUM AND 5 TO 55% OF MANGANESE AND SILICON RESPECTIVELY SO AS TO RETAIN 0.001 TO 0.05% OF CALCIUM IN THE CASTING, AND THEN CASTING THE MOLTEN STEEL INTO A MOLD.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3000731X | 1958-02-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3000731A true US3000731A (en) | 1961-09-19 |
Family
ID=17880378
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US740995A Expired - Lifetime US3000731A (en) | 1958-02-03 | 1958-06-10 | Fine-grained steels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3000731A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3131058A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1964-04-28 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Method of manufacturing fine grained and clean steels |
| US3137570A (en) * | 1962-08-10 | 1964-06-16 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Inoculating alloy |
| US3215525A (en) * | 1962-10-12 | 1965-11-02 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Deoxidation alloy |
| US3275433A (en) * | 1963-12-02 | 1966-09-27 | Union Carbide Corp | Steel treating agent consisting of ba-ca-al-fe-mn-si |
| US3301663A (en) * | 1963-04-27 | 1967-01-31 | Hoerder Huettenunion Ag | Steel making processes |
| US3540882A (en) * | 1967-07-24 | 1970-11-17 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Metal refining agent consisting of al-mn-ca alloy |
| DE2126335A1 (en) * | 1970-05-29 | 1971-12-09 | Lenin Kohaszati Müvek, Miskolc-Diosgyörvasgyar; Ozdi Kohaszati Üzemek, Ozd; (Ungarn) | Process with special deoxidation for the production of easily machinable carbon steels |
| US3649253A (en) * | 1968-10-14 | 1972-03-14 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Deoxidation of aluminum-killed molten steel |
| US3652267A (en) * | 1967-10-11 | 1972-03-28 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Carbon steels and alloy steels for cold forging |
| US3850618A (en) * | 1973-03-19 | 1974-11-26 | K Naguro | Demolybdenum refining method of molybdenum containing alloy steel material |
| JPS514933B1 (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1976-02-16 | ||
| US3990887A (en) * | 1970-02-06 | 1976-11-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Cold working steel bar and wire rod produced by continuous casting |
| US4052202A (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1977-10-04 | Reactive Metals & Alloys Corporation | Zirconium alloy additive and method for making zirconium additions to steels |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2280283A (en) * | 1940-01-05 | 1942-04-21 | Electro Metallurg Co | Deep-hardening boron steels |
| FR885247A (en) * | 1940-01-05 | 1943-09-08 | Electro Metallurg Co | Steel treatment process |
| US2343956A (en) * | 1942-06-30 | 1944-03-14 | Electro Metallurg Co | Deep hardening silicon titanium steel |
-
1958
- 1958-06-10 US US740995A patent/US3000731A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2280283A (en) * | 1940-01-05 | 1942-04-21 | Electro Metallurg Co | Deep-hardening boron steels |
| FR885247A (en) * | 1940-01-05 | 1943-09-08 | Electro Metallurg Co | Steel treatment process |
| US2343956A (en) * | 1942-06-30 | 1944-03-14 | Electro Metallurg Co | Deep hardening silicon titanium steel |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3131058A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1964-04-28 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Method of manufacturing fine grained and clean steels |
| US3137570A (en) * | 1962-08-10 | 1964-06-16 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Inoculating alloy |
| US3215525A (en) * | 1962-10-12 | 1965-11-02 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Deoxidation alloy |
| US3301663A (en) * | 1963-04-27 | 1967-01-31 | Hoerder Huettenunion Ag | Steel making processes |
| US3275433A (en) * | 1963-12-02 | 1966-09-27 | Union Carbide Corp | Steel treating agent consisting of ba-ca-al-fe-mn-si |
| US3540882A (en) * | 1967-07-24 | 1970-11-17 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Metal refining agent consisting of al-mn-ca alloy |
| US3652267A (en) * | 1967-10-11 | 1972-03-28 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Carbon steels and alloy steels for cold forging |
| US3649253A (en) * | 1968-10-14 | 1972-03-14 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Deoxidation of aluminum-killed molten steel |
| JPS514933B1 (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1976-02-16 | ||
| US3990887A (en) * | 1970-02-06 | 1976-11-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Cold working steel bar and wire rod produced by continuous casting |
| DE2126335A1 (en) * | 1970-05-29 | 1971-12-09 | Lenin Kohaszati Müvek, Miskolc-Diosgyörvasgyar; Ozdi Kohaszati Üzemek, Ozd; (Ungarn) | Process with special deoxidation for the production of easily machinable carbon steels |
| US3850618A (en) * | 1973-03-19 | 1974-11-26 | K Naguro | Demolybdenum refining method of molybdenum containing alloy steel material |
| US4052202A (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1977-10-04 | Reactive Metals & Alloys Corporation | Zirconium alloy additive and method for making zirconium additions to steels |
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