US3086285A - Electrical contacts - Google Patents
Electrical contacts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3086285A US3086285A US694528A US69452857A US3086285A US 3086285 A US3086285 A US 3086285A US 694528 A US694528 A US 694528A US 69452857 A US69452857 A US 69452857A US 3086285 A US3086285 A US 3086285A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- chloride
- halide
- solution
- palladium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 SILVER HALIDE Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9265—Special properties
- Y10S428/929—Electrical contact feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49204—Contact or terminal manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
- Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
- Y10T428/1209—Plural particulate metal components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
- Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
- Y10T428/12104—Particles discontinuous
- Y10T428/12111—Separated by nonmetal matrix or binder [e.g., welding electrode, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
- Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
- Y10T428/12139—Nonmetal particles in particulate component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrical contacts and, more specifically, to contact elements made substantially from silver.
- the properties of electrical silver contact elements can be greatly improved and their tendency to stick and weld can be reduced by treating the shaped contact element or the silver powder, which subsequently is shaped by well known compacting methods, with a solution of a heavy metal halide.
- the metallic silver reacts, in some cases at room temperature and in some cases upon heating, with the solution to form a thin coating of silver halide upon the surface of the shaped contact or the powder to be compacted, and simultaneously, the heavy metal of the halide is deposited in the form of extremely small, metallic particles finely dispersed in the layer of silver halide.
- a solution of a heavy metal halide preferably the chloride
- metallic silver thereby forming silver halide and simultaneously depositing finely divided metal onto the silver surface.
- This can be done by immersing the shaped contact element into the solution or, where the powder method is preferred, by treating at least a portion of the silver powder with the solution, followed by compacting which includes the known means of pelleting and sintering or hot extruding as well.
- pure silver or an admixture thereof e.g. with metals or metal oxides or an alloy of silver, can be used.
- the contact element is shaped previously, e.g. into the form of a rivet, and immersed in a solution of e.g. palladium chloride
- the reaction proceeds until the whole surface is coated with a layer of silver chloride, which layer includes palladium metal in extremely fine dispersion.
- the reaction stops automatically, no more metallic silver being in contact with the solution.
- the reacting silver surface area is much greater when silver powder or an admixture thereof is used and therefore the formation of silver chloride together with deposited finely divided metal will exceed the useful amount of about 6 percent, preferably 1 percent by weight. Consequently, powdered silver has to be present in such an excess that, after reaction, not more than about 6 percent by weight has been formed.
- each silver grain being in contact with halide actually reacts individually and forms a discontinuous coating which presumably consists of single particles dispersed upon its surface. As the reaction progresses the coating becomes more and more continuous until no more free silver surface is presented to the halide solution.
- Another way to control the halide content consists in treating only a portion of the silver powder, followed by mixing with untreated powder in such a proportion that the desired content of halide in the powder mixture is obtained. An excess of silver chloride was found to cause exudations during the following process of compacting or during performance of the finished contact.
- the preferred halides according to the invention are the chlorides and best results were obtained with chlorides of rhodium, ruthenium, gold, copper and especially palladium.
- silver powder treated with copper chloride oxidized by heating in air (1200 F.) and compacted into contact elements performs especially well with heavy currents as shown in the following Example 3, and it can be assumed that the presence of extremely finely divided particles of metal or metal oxides included in the layer of silver halide contributes to a large extent to decrease the sticking tendency of the finished contact, since the method according to the invention results in an extremely fine and uniform dispersion which cannot be obtained by mechanical processes.
- Example 1 An aqueous solution of palladium chloride was prepared by dissolving 1 gram of palladium chloride in one liter of distilled water. Fine silver rivets of the commercial type of /s diameter were immersed in the solution. The reaction stopped after each rivet had a strong film of silver chloride and metallic palladium formed on the surface thereof.
- the rivets When tested, after drying, at 30 amperes, 115 volts A.C., the rivets showed a stick frequency of 3 sticks per 120,000 makes and breaks. Similar rivets, without being treated with halide solution and under the same conditions, produced more than 200 sticks. The millivolt drop was found to be about 3 millivolts across the contact as compared to about 8 before the treatment with palladium chloride solution.
- Example 2 --Silver contact elements containing 10% cadmium oxide were treated with the palladium chloride solution of Example 1, dried and tested at 300 amperes and 115 volts AC. The normal sticking frequency of about 3 per 200 operations was reduced to l per 200 operations.
- Example 330 grams of silver powder were heated with a solution of 2 grams of copper chloride in ml. distilled water on a steam bath. The silver powder turned copper-red and acquired at the same time a coating of silver chloride while the solution became colorless. The powder was dried, furnaced in air, yielding a black powder, as the copper was transformed into its oxide, and compacted into pellets. When tested, no sticks occurred during 300 operations at 300 amperes and volts AC.
- the following table illustrates the results of tests made with rivets of fine silver treated with other metal chloride solutions than mentioned in the foregoing examples and as compared to untreated silver rivets. These tests were executed with 6 pairs of each contact rivet for 40,000 operations at 30 amperes resistance load and 115 AC.
- An electrical contact element as set forth in claim 1 made by reacting a heavy metal halide with silver thereby to produce the silver halide with particles of th heavy metal dispersed therein.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Description
3,8625 Patented Apr. 23, 1963 3,08,285 ELECTRICAL (IGNTACTS William Keitel, South Orange, N.J., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Engelhard Industries, Inc, Newark, N.J., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Nov. 5, 1957, Ser. No. 694,528 6 Qiairns. (Cl. 29-199) The present invention relates to electrical contacts and, more specifically, to contact elements made substantially from silver.
It has been found that the properties of electrical silver contact elements can be greatly improved and their tendency to stick and weld can be reduced by treating the shaped contact element or the silver powder, which subsequently is shaped by well known compacting methods, with a solution of a heavy metal halide. The metallic silver reacts, in some cases at room temperature and in some cases upon heating, with the solution to form a thin coating of silver halide upon the surface of the shaped contact or the powder to be compacted, and simultaneously, the heavy metal of the halide is deposited in the form of extremely small, metallic particles finely dispersed in the layer of silver halide. This reaction occurs, as it was shown by numerous tests, with all heavy metal halides, which means all metals except the halides of the alkali metals and the earth alkali metal halides and may be attributed to the high afilnity of silver to the halide anion.
In accordance with the present invention, a solution of a heavy metal halide, preferably the chloride, is reacted with metallic silver thereby forming silver halide and simultaneously depositing finely divided metal onto the silver surface. This can be done by immersing the shaped contact element into the solution or, where the powder method is preferred, by treating at least a portion of the silver powder with the solution, followed by compacting which includes the known means of pelleting and sintering or hot extruding as well. In all cases pure silver or an admixture thereof, e.g. with metals or metal oxides or an alloy of silver, can be used.
Where the contact element is shaped previously, e.g. into the form of a rivet, and immersed in a solution of e.g. palladium chloride, the reaction proceeds until the whole surface is coated with a layer of silver chloride, which layer includes palladium metal in extremely fine dispersion. Upon completion of the coating, the reaction stops automatically, no more metallic silver being in contact with the solution.
The reacting silver surface area is much greater when silver powder or an admixture thereof is used and therefore the formation of silver chloride together with deposited finely divided metal will exceed the useful amount of about 6 percent, preferably 1 percent by weight. Consequently, powdered silver has to be present in such an excess that, after reaction, not more than about 6 percent by weight has been formed.
It may be assumed that each silver grain being in contact with halide actually reacts individually and forms a discontinuous coating which presumably consists of single particles dispersed upon its surface. As the reaction progresses the coating becomes more and more continuous until no more free silver surface is presented to the halide solution.
Another way to control the halide content consists in treating only a portion of the silver powder, followed by mixing with untreated powder in such a proportion that the desired content of halide in the powder mixture is obtained. An excess of silver chloride was found to cause exudations during the following process of compacting or during performance of the finished contact.
The preferred halides according to the invention are the chlorides and best results were obtained with chlorides of rhodium, ruthenium, gold, copper and especially palladium. However, silver powder treated with copper chloride oxidized by heating in air (1200 F.) and compacted into contact elements performs especially well with heavy currents as shown in the following Example 3, and it can be assumed that the presence of extremely finely divided particles of metal or metal oxides included in the layer of silver halide contributes to a large extent to decrease the sticking tendency of the finished contact, since the method according to the invention results in an extremely fine and uniform dispersion which cannot be obtained by mechanical processes.
Example 1.-An aqueous solution of palladium chloride was prepared by dissolving 1 gram of palladium chloride in one liter of distilled water. Fine silver rivets of the commercial type of /s diameter were immersed in the solution. The reaction stopped after each rivet had a strong film of silver chloride and metallic palladium formed on the surface thereof.
When tested, after drying, at 30 amperes, 115 volts A.C., the rivets showed a stick frequency of 3 sticks per 120,000 makes and breaks. Similar rivets, without being treated with halide solution and under the same conditions, produced more than 200 sticks. The millivolt drop was found to be about 3 millivolts across the contact as compared to about 8 before the treatment with palladium chloride solution.
Example 2.--Silver contact elements containing 10% cadmium oxide were treated with the palladium chloride solution of Example 1, dried and tested at 300 amperes and 115 volts AC. The normal sticking frequency of about 3 per 200 operations was reduced to l per 200 operations.
Example 3.30 grams of silver powder were heated with a solution of 2 grams of copper chloride in ml. distilled water on a steam bath. The silver powder turned copper-red and acquired at the same time a coating of silver chloride while the solution became colorless. The powder was dried, furnaced in air, yielding a black powder, as the copper was transformed into its oxide, and compacted into pellets. When tested, no sticks occurred during 300 operations at 300 amperes and volts AC.
The following table illustrates the results of tests made with rivets of fine silver treated with other metal chloride solutions than mentioned in the foregoing examples and as compared to untreated silver rivets. These tests were executed with 6 pairs of each contact rivet for 40,000 operations at 30 amperes resistance load and 115 AC.
Average Mlllivolt sticks drop at 10 ampercs Fine silven 49 4-12 Gold chloride- 25 5-11 Rhodium chloride 19 5-15 Ruthenium chloride... 18 3-8 silver halide being' not more than 6% by weight of the silver.
2. An electrical contact element as set forth in claim 1 made by reacting a heavy metal halide with silver thereby to produce the silver halide with particles of th heavy metal dispersed therein.
3. An electrical contact element as set forth in claim 1 in which the heavy metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, gold and copper.
4. An electrical contact element as set forth in claim 1 in which the silver halide is silver chloride.
5. An electrical contact element as set forth in claim 1 in which the silver halide is silver chloride and the heavy metal is palladium.
6. An electrical contact element as set forth in claim 1 in which the silver halide is silver chloride and the heavy metal is palladium and which is made by reacting palladium chloride with silver thereby to produce silver chloride with particles of palladium dispersed therein.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Smith July 28, 1914 Pahrenwald Aug. 7, 1917 Pfanstiehl Sept. 9, 1919 Ehlers Nov. 8, 1927 Hensel Nov. 21, 1939 Slepian Aug. 19, 1941 Reeve Dec. 1, 1942 Larsen May 18, 1943 Wagenhals June 29, 1943 Alexander June 20, 1944 Constock Dec. 19, 1944 Swinehart Aug. 5, 1947 Richardson Oct. 23, 1951 Underwood May 21, 1957 Egan Nov. 5, 1957 Hoyer Jan. 7, 1958 Streicher May 23, 1961
Claims (1)
1. AN ELECTRICAL CONTACT ELEMENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF SILVER, A COATING OF A SILVER HALIDE ON AT LEAST A PORTION OF THE SILVER AND FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLES OF HEAVY METAL DISPERSED IN THE SILVER HALIDE COATING, THE AMOUNT OF SILVER HALIDE BEING NOT MORE THAN 6% BY WEIGHT OF THE SILVER.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US694528A US3086285A (en) | 1957-11-05 | 1957-11-05 | Electrical contacts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US694528A US3086285A (en) | 1957-11-05 | 1957-11-05 | Electrical contacts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3086285A true US3086285A (en) | 1963-04-23 |
Family
ID=24789201
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US694528A Expired - Lifetime US3086285A (en) | 1957-11-05 | 1957-11-05 | Electrical contacts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3086285A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3260578A (en) * | 1962-11-16 | 1966-07-12 | Monsanto Co | Coated induction heating coil for zone refining apparatus |
Citations (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1104842A (en) * | 1914-02-27 | 1914-07-28 | Joseph A Smith | Method of plating. |
| US1236383A (en) * | 1916-05-31 | 1917-08-07 | Frank A Fahrenwald | Process of coating tungsten or molybdenum with noble metals. |
| US1315859A (en) * | 1919-09-09 | pfanstiehl | ||
| US1648678A (en) * | 1925-02-04 | 1927-11-08 | Gen Electric | Composite metal article |
| US2180826A (en) * | 1939-05-20 | 1939-11-21 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact |
| US2253401A (en) * | 1937-10-09 | 1941-08-19 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Circuit interrupter contact |
| US2303497A (en) * | 1938-10-27 | 1942-12-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Duplex metal body |
| US2319240A (en) * | 1940-03-19 | 1943-05-18 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact and the like |
| US2323169A (en) * | 1940-02-08 | 1943-06-29 | Rca Corp | Process of plating metal bodies |
| US2351798A (en) * | 1941-08-14 | 1944-06-20 | Peter P Alexander | Coating metal articles |
| US2365249A (en) * | 1942-07-21 | 1944-12-19 | Baker & Co Inc | Electrical contact element |
| US2425052A (en) * | 1944-03-08 | 1947-08-05 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Electrical contact materials and contacts and methods of making the same |
| US2572662A (en) * | 1945-07-12 | 1951-10-23 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Electrical contact |
| US2793273A (en) * | 1954-04-20 | 1957-05-21 | Baker & Co Inc | Electrical contact elements |
| US2812406A (en) * | 1954-03-02 | 1957-11-05 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrical contact |
| US2818633A (en) * | 1955-03-02 | 1958-01-07 | Gibson Electric Company | Electrical contact |
| US2985532A (en) * | 1957-12-05 | 1961-05-23 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Electrical contacts |
-
1957
- 1957-11-05 US US694528A patent/US3086285A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1315859A (en) * | 1919-09-09 | pfanstiehl | ||
| US1104842A (en) * | 1914-02-27 | 1914-07-28 | Joseph A Smith | Method of plating. |
| US1236383A (en) * | 1916-05-31 | 1917-08-07 | Frank A Fahrenwald | Process of coating tungsten or molybdenum with noble metals. |
| US1648678A (en) * | 1925-02-04 | 1927-11-08 | Gen Electric | Composite metal article |
| US2253401A (en) * | 1937-10-09 | 1941-08-19 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Circuit interrupter contact |
| US2303497A (en) * | 1938-10-27 | 1942-12-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Duplex metal body |
| US2180826A (en) * | 1939-05-20 | 1939-11-21 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact |
| US2323169A (en) * | 1940-02-08 | 1943-06-29 | Rca Corp | Process of plating metal bodies |
| US2319240A (en) * | 1940-03-19 | 1943-05-18 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact and the like |
| US2351798A (en) * | 1941-08-14 | 1944-06-20 | Peter P Alexander | Coating metal articles |
| US2365249A (en) * | 1942-07-21 | 1944-12-19 | Baker & Co Inc | Electrical contact element |
| US2425052A (en) * | 1944-03-08 | 1947-08-05 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Electrical contact materials and contacts and methods of making the same |
| US2572662A (en) * | 1945-07-12 | 1951-10-23 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Electrical contact |
| US2812406A (en) * | 1954-03-02 | 1957-11-05 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrical contact |
| US2793273A (en) * | 1954-04-20 | 1957-05-21 | Baker & Co Inc | Electrical contact elements |
| US2818633A (en) * | 1955-03-02 | 1958-01-07 | Gibson Electric Company | Electrical contact |
| US2985532A (en) * | 1957-12-05 | 1961-05-23 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Electrical contacts |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3260578A (en) * | 1962-11-16 | 1966-07-12 | Monsanto Co | Coated induction heating coil for zone refining apparatus |
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