US2937941A - Aluminum bronze alloy containing manganese and chromium and having improved wear resistance - Google Patents
Aluminum bronze alloy containing manganese and chromium and having improved wear resistance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2937941A US2937941A US716886A US71688658A US2937941A US 2937941 A US2937941 A US 2937941A US 716886 A US716886 A US 716886A US 71688658 A US71688658 A US 71688658A US 2937941 A US2937941 A US 2937941A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- chromium
- aluminum
- wear resistance
- aluminum bronze
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 35
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002908 manganese Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 aluminum-iron-copper Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
Definitions
- This invention relates to an aluminum bronze alloy and more particularly to an aluminum bronze alloy having improved toughness and wear resistance.
- Aluminum bronze alloys have for years been used as dies for forming and drawing operations for a large group of sheet and plate alloys, such as stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, mild steel and some copper base alloys.
- Aluminum bronze alloys used in die applications possess the properties of good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and non-galling against many wrought materials.
- the aluminum bronze alloys which in the past have shown the optimum properties for deep drawing dies are those that contain approximately 14% aluminum, a small amount of iron and the balance copper.
- An alloy of this type has good corrosion resistance and non-galling properties.
- it wears undesirably fast so that close dimensional tolerances cannot be maintained because of the wear that occurs on the die surface.
- the present invention is directed to an aluminum bronze alloy which has the corrosion resistance and the non-galling properties characteristic of aluminum bronze alloys but has greatly improved wear resistance and toughness.
- the aluminum bronze alloy of the invention has high uniform hardness, good toughness and excellent wear resistance. This is accomplished by the addition of small amounts of manganese and chromium to the alloy which substantially reduces the tendency of the alloy to form the eutectoid. The addition of manganese and chromium also makes the alloy more homogeneous in the distribution of the metallurgical phases and compounds during solidification and heat treatment and also promotes uniform controlled grain size.
- the alloy at the lower end of the chromium range has a finer particle size than the ordinary aluminum bronze alloys which results in better machinability.
- the alloy of the invention has the following general composition by weight:
- the alloy can be cast either statically or centrifugally to produce a fine grained tough structure having, in the centrifugal cast state, a tensile strength of 90,000 p.s.i., a yield strength of 75,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of 1.5% and a Rockwell C hardness of 40.
- the alloy of the invention has greatly improved wear resistance over that of an ordinary aluminum bronze alloy and this increase in wear resistance is most significant since the hardness of the alloy is substantially the same as the hardness of an aluminum bronze alloy having similar proportions of aluminum and iron but not containing the manganese and chromium.
- This unexpected increase in wear resistance without an increase in hardness is believed to be due to the formation of an intermetallic compound formed predominately of iron and containing chromium, manganese, aluminum and copper.
- This intermetallic compound is hard and extremely resistant to wear and due to the presence of chromium, provides the alloy with stainless properties which are extremely valuable when employing the alloy as a deep drawing die and using corrosive lubricants.
- the metallographic structure of the alloy consists essentially of gamma two phase which is uniformly distributed in a matrix of beta.
- An intermetallic compound composed of iron, aluminum, copper, manganese and chromium exists in small particles of uniform size and shape. Because of the method of casting and the inoculant used, the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed throughout the cast section.
- the metals used for the alloy should be of high quality. Electrolytic or wrought fire refined copper, high purity aluminum, low carbon iron and high purity manganese and chromium are preferred to be used. It has also been found that the best method of obtaining the desired uniformity in the alloy is by using a double melting procedure whereby a pre-alloy is made. The most satisfactory pre-alloy is one that has approximately 60% aluminum, 8% copper, 20% iron, 5% chromium and 7% manganese.
- the melting procedure employed in making the prealloy is such that some copper, along with the iron, chromium and manganese, is placed into the crucible and melting begun. When the copper starts to melt, the iron and other additives are slowly dissolved into the copper during that period when aluminum is added to form an exothermic reaction which helps to dissolve the higher melting point manganese and chromium additions. This pre-alloy is then cast into ingot form and is ready to use for the final alloy.
- the final alloy is made by intermixing a predetermined percentage of the pre-alloy and copper.
- a deoxidizer is added to this alloy in the molten state in the furnace to purge the metal of oxides and soluble gases.
- These deoxidizers can include the compounds of boron, phosphorus, magnesium and lithium.
- Deoxidizers of the gas type can also be used. This can include volatile chlorides or any of the inert gases.
- the dry type deoxidizers are added in quantities of approximately 4 ounces per pounds of metal, and the gas type deoxidizers are passed either through or over the molten metal for a period of five minutes. particular importance because of their abrasive and adverse efiect on the wear resistant properties of the alloy.
- the chromium and manganese can be added directly to a molten aluminum-iron-copper alloy.
- the alloy is heat treated at an elevated temperature in the temperature range of 1050 F. to 1400 F., such as about 1150 F.
- Small castings of simple shapes of this alloy can be placed directly into the heat treating furnace at temperature.
- Large massive castings or intricate shapes are preheated in the furnace at about 400 F. until the section reaches uniform temperature and then are heated directly to the elevated temperature.
- the castings are held at a temperature in the range of 1050 F. to 1400 F. for one hour plus one-half hour per inch of section thickness greater than one inch, up to a maximum of two and one-half hours at temperature.
- the alloy After the required soaking time at the elevated temperature, the alloy is cooled at a rate faster than about 20 F. per hour per one inch of section thickness. This rate is conveniently obtained by fan air cooling.
- the alloy can be used to produce articles for wear resistant applications in drawing and forming operations.
- the articles may take the form of deep drawing dies, holddown dies, wear guides, forming rolls, skids, slides, etc.
- the alloy can also be extruded into weldrods or weld wire.
- the alloy in the form of coated or uncoated weldrod can be overlaid on a metal base by metal spraying or other welding methods, such as heliarc,.metal arc, carbon arc, etc., to obtain a corrosion resistant Wear surface.
- An aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially of 13.0% to 20.0% aluminum, from 1.0% to 8.0% iron, from 1.0% to 8.0% manganese, from 0.5% to 3.0% chromium and the balance being substantially copper, said alloy being characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance and having improved toughness and wear resistance.
- An aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance, toughness and machinability, consisting essentially of from 13.0% to 20.0% aluminum, 1.0% to 8.0% iron, 1.0% to 8.0% manganese, 0.5% to 3.0% chromium and the balance substantially copper, said alloy being characterizedby a tensile strength in the range of 70,000 to 100,000 p.s.i., a yield strength in the range of 65,000 to 80,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of up to 3.0%, and a hardness in the range of 22 to Rockwell C.
- An aluminum bronze alloy having improved toughness and wear resistance consisting essentially of 15.00% aluminum, 4.25% iron, 2.00% manganese, 1.50% chromium and 77.25% copper.
- a drawing die characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance, a hardness in the range of 22 to 50 Rockwell C and improved wear resistance, said die being fabricated from an aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially of 13% to 20% aluminum, from 1% to 8% iron, from 1.0% to 8.0% manganese, from 0.5% to 3% chromium, and the balance being substantially copper.
- An aluminum bronze welding electrode consisting essentially of 13% to 20%" aluminum, from 1% to 8% iron, from 1.0% to 8.0% manganese, from 0.5% to 3.0% chromium, and the balance being substantially copper.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Unite ALUMINUM BRONZE ALLOY CONTAINING MAN- GANESE AND CHROMIUM AND HAVING IM- PROVED WEAR RESISTANCE This invention relates to an aluminum bronze alloy and more particularly to an aluminum bronze alloy having improved toughness and wear resistance.
Aluminum bronze alloys have for years been used as dies for forming and drawing operations for a large group of sheet and plate alloys, such as stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, mild steel and some copper base alloys. Aluminum bronze alloys used in die applications possess the properties of good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and non-galling against many wrought materials.
The aluminum bronze alloys which in the past have shown the optimum properties for deep drawing dies are those that contain approximately 14% aluminum, a small amount of iron and the balance copper. An alloy of this type has good corrosion resistance and non-galling properties. However, under heavy use in die applications, it wears undesirably fast so that close dimensional tolerances cannot be maintained because of the wear that occurs on the die surface.
The present invention is directed to an aluminum bronze alloy which has the corrosion resistance and the non-galling properties characteristic of aluminum bronze alloys but has greatly improved wear resistance and toughness.
The aluminum bronze alloy of the invention has high uniform hardness, good toughness and excellent wear resistance. This is accomplished by the addition of small amounts of manganese and chromium to the alloy which substantially reduces the tendency of the alloy to form the eutectoid. The addition of manganese and chromium also makes the alloy more homogeneous in the distribution of the metallurgical phases and compounds during solidification and heat treatment and also promotes uniform controlled grain size.
Furthermore, the alloy at the lower end of the chromium range has a finer particle size than the ordinary aluminum bronze alloys which results in better machinability.
The alloy of the invention has the following general composition by weight:
Percent Aluminum 13.0-20.0 Iron 1.0- 8.0 Manganese 1.0 8.0 Chromium 0.5- 3.0 Copper Balance Sttes Patent Percent Aluminum 15.00 Iron 4.25 Manganese 2.00 Chromium 1.50 Copper 77.25
The alloy can be cast either statically or centrifugally to produce a fine grained tough structure having, in the centrifugal cast state, a tensile strength of 90,000 p.s.i., a yield strength of 75,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of 1.5% and a Rockwell C hardness of 40.
The alloy of the invention has greatly improved wear resistance over that of an ordinary aluminum bronze alloy and this increase in wear resistance is most significant since the hardness of the alloy is substantially the same as the hardness of an aluminum bronze alloy having similar proportions of aluminum and iron but not containing the manganese and chromium. This unexpected increase in wear resistance without an increase in hardness is believed to be due to the formation of an intermetallic compound formed predominately of iron and containing chromium, manganese, aluminum and copper. This intermetallic compound is hard and extremely resistant to wear and due to the presence of chromium, provides the alloy with stainless properties which are extremely valuable when employing the alloy as a deep drawing die and using corrosive lubricants.
The metallographic structure of the alloy consists essentially of gamma two phase which is uniformly distributed in a matrix of beta. An intermetallic compound composed of iron, aluminum, copper, manganese and chromium exists in small particles of uniform size and shape. Because of the method of casting and the inoculant used, the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed throughout the cast section.
In order to obtain optimum properties, the metals used for the alloy should be of high quality. Electrolytic or wrought fire refined copper, high purity aluminum, low carbon iron and high purity manganese and chromium are preferred to be used. It has also been found that the best method of obtaining the desired uniformity in the alloy is by using a double melting procedure whereby a pre-alloy is made. The most satisfactory pre-alloy is one that has approximately 60% aluminum, 8% copper, 20% iron, 5% chromium and 7% manganese.
The melting procedure employed in making the prealloy is such that some copper, along with the iron, chromium and manganese, is placed into the crucible and melting begun. When the copper starts to melt, the iron and other additives are slowly dissolved into the copper during that period when aluminum is added to form an exothermic reaction which helps to dissolve the higher melting point manganese and chromium additions. This pre-alloy is then cast into ingot form and is ready to use for the final alloy.
The final alloy is made by intermixing a predetermined percentage of the pre-alloy and copper. A deoxidizer is added to this alloy in the molten state in the furnace to purge the metal of oxides and soluble gases. These deoxidizers can include the compounds of boron, phosphorus, magnesium and lithium. Deoxidizers of the gas type can also be used. This can include volatile chlorides or any of the inert gases. The dry type deoxidizers are added in quantities of approximately 4 ounces per pounds of metal, and the gas type deoxidizers are passed either through or over the molten metal for a period of five minutes. particular importance because of their abrasive and adverse efiect on the wear resistant properties of the alloy.
Alternatively, instead of employing a pre-alloy, the chromium and manganese can be added directly to a molten aluminum-iron-copper alloy.
Removal of the oxide particles is of To establish complete uniformity of the microstructure and hardness, the alloy is heat treated at an elevated temperature in the temperature range of 1050 F. to 1400 F., such as about 1150 F. Small castings of simple shapes of this alloy can be placed directly into the heat treating furnace at temperature. Large massive castings or intricate shapes are preheated in the furnace at about 400 F. until the section reaches uniform temperature and then are heated directly to the elevated temperature. The castings are held at a temperature in the range of 1050 F. to 1400 F. for one hour plus one-half hour per inch of section thickness greater than one inch, up to a maximum of two and one-half hours at temperature.
After the required soaking time at the elevated temperature, the alloy is cooled at a rate faster than about 20 F. per hour per one inch of section thickness. This rate is conveniently obtained by fan air cooling.
'The alloy can be used to produce articles for wear resistant applications in drawing and forming operations. The articles may take the form of deep drawing dies, holddown dies, wear guides, forming rolls, skids, slides, etc.
The alloy can also be extruded into weldrods or weld wire. The alloy in the form of coated or uncoated weldrod can be overlaid on a metal base by metal spraying or other welding methods, such as heliarc,.metal arc, carbon arc, etc., to obtain a corrosion resistant Wear surface.
It has been found that the addition of manganese and chromium to the copper-aluminum-iron alloys to be used as die materials improves the toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy and substantially reduces the tendency for eutectoid embrittlernent. As the alloy of the invention will not form the embrittling eutectoid structure to any great extent, more alloying elements can be incorporated in the alloy for a given hardness to thereby obtain increased wear resistance.
Various modes of carrying out the invention are contemplated as being within the scope of the following claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as the invention.
I claim:
1. An aluminum bronze alloy, consisting essentially of 13.0% to 20.0% aluminum, from 1.0% to 8.0% iron, from 1.0% to 8.0% manganese, from 0.5% to 3.0% chromium and the balance being substantially copper, said alloy being characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance and having improved toughness and wear resistance.
2. An aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance, toughness and machinability, consisting essentially of from 13.0% to 20.0% aluminum, 1.0% to 8.0% iron, 1.0% to 8.0% manganese, 0.5% to 3.0% chromium and the balance substantially copper, said alloy being characterizedby a tensile strength in the range of 70,000 to 100,000 p.s.i., a yield strength in the range of 65,000 to 80,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of up to 3.0%, and a hardness in the range of 22 to Rockwell C.
3. An aluminum bronze alloy having improved toughness and wear resistance, consisting essentially of 15.00% aluminum, 4.25% iron, 2.00% manganese, 1.50% chromium and 77.25% copper.
4. A drawing die characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance, a hardness in the range of 22 to 50 Rockwell C and improved wear resistance, said die being fabricated from an aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially of 13% to 20% aluminum, from 1% to 8% iron, from 1.0% to 8.0% manganese, from 0.5% to 3% chromium, and the balance being substantially copper.
5. An aluminum bronze welding electrode consisting essentially of 13% to 20%" aluminum, from 1% to 8% iron, from 1.0% to 8.0% manganese, from 0.5% to 3.0% chromium, and the balance being substantially copper.
References Cited in the file of-this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Sendzimir Apr. 29, 1958
Claims (1)
1. AN ALUMINUM BRONZE ALLOY, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 13.0% TO 20.0% ALUMINUM, FROM 1.0% TO 8.0% IRON, FROM 1.0% TO 8.0% MANGANESE, FROM 0.5% TO 3.0% CHROMIUM AND THE BALANCE BEING SUBSTANTIALLY COPPER, SAID ALLOY BEING CHARACTERIZED BY HAVING EXCELLENT CORROSION RESISTANCE AND HAVING IMPROVED TOUGHNESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US716886A US2937941A (en) | 1958-02-24 | 1958-02-24 | Aluminum bronze alloy containing manganese and chromium and having improved wear resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US716886A US2937941A (en) | 1958-02-24 | 1958-02-24 | Aluminum bronze alloy containing manganese and chromium and having improved wear resistance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2937941A true US2937941A (en) | 1960-05-24 |
Family
ID=24879859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US716886A Expired - Lifetime US2937941A (en) | 1958-02-24 | 1958-02-24 | Aluminum bronze alloy containing manganese and chromium and having improved wear resistance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2937941A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3062642A (en) * | 1961-02-23 | 1962-11-06 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy containing vanadium and having improved wear resistance |
| US3147113A (en) * | 1961-10-27 | 1964-09-01 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy containing vanadium and manganese and having improved wear resistance |
| EP0042455A3 (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-01-13 | Gebruder Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Aluminium- and cobalt-containing copper alloys with high wear resistance; process for the manufacture of these alloys |
| US20130098692A1 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2013-04-25 | Tesco Corporation | Drill bit |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2809139A (en) * | 1952-10-24 | 1957-10-08 | Research Corp | Method for heat treating chromium base alloy |
| US2829972A (en) * | 1956-10-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze article for use in conducting steam or hot water |
| US2829971A (en) * | 1956-07-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy having improved resistance to intergranular oxidation by the addition of silver |
| US2832709A (en) * | 1956-07-02 | 1958-04-29 | Sendzimir Tadeusz | Method and apparatus for long-cycle continuous annealing of strip metal |
-
1958
- 1958-02-24 US US716886A patent/US2937941A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2809139A (en) * | 1952-10-24 | 1957-10-08 | Research Corp | Method for heat treating chromium base alloy |
| US2832709A (en) * | 1956-07-02 | 1958-04-29 | Sendzimir Tadeusz | Method and apparatus for long-cycle continuous annealing of strip metal |
| US2829971A (en) * | 1956-07-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy having improved resistance to intergranular oxidation by the addition of silver |
| US2829972A (en) * | 1956-10-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze article for use in conducting steam or hot water |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3062642A (en) * | 1961-02-23 | 1962-11-06 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy containing vanadium and having improved wear resistance |
| US3147113A (en) * | 1961-10-27 | 1964-09-01 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy containing vanadium and manganese and having improved wear resistance |
| EP0042455A3 (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-01-13 | Gebruder Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Aluminium- and cobalt-containing copper alloys with high wear resistance; process for the manufacture of these alloys |
| US20130098692A1 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2013-04-25 | Tesco Corporation | Drill bit |
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