US2925054A - Incinerators - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 16, 1960 R. M. SHERMAN INCINERATORS 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 50, 1958 [warez-0:

M3022 M fiwrzaaws Feb. 16, 1960 M SHERMAN 2,925,054

INCINERATQRS Filed June 30, 1958 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 mien 1'17 Swim Feb. 16, 1960 R. M. SHERMAN INCINERATORS 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 50, 1958 ww MW Feb. 16, 1960 R. M. SHERMAN 2,925,054

INCINERATORS Filed June 30, 1958 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 I l/Ill R. M. SHERMAN INCINERATORS 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 50, 1958 Feb. 16, 1960 R. M. SHERMAN 2,925,054

INCINERATORS Filed June 30, 1958 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 1&3 93

Feb. 16, 1960 R. M. SHERMAN INCINERATORS 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed June 30, 1958 Ill //flU I INCINERATORS Rallston M. Sherman, Glastonbury, Conn., assignor to.

The Silent Glow Oil Burner Corporation, Hartford,

Conn,, a corporation of Connecticut Application June 30, 1958, Serial No. 745,429

10 Claims. (Cl. 110-8) My invention relates to incinerators.

' The invention has among its objects the provision of best. understood from the following description when read in the light of the accompanying drawings of several embodiments of the invention selected for illustrative purposes, while the scope of the invention will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is. a plan of one form of incinerator according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3, 4 and. are sections on the lines 3-3, 4-4 and;5.5, respectively, of Fig. 2;

Fig., 6 is, an end elevation. of the incinerator according to Fig.1. as viewed from the right;

Fig, 7-'is .alsection.on the line 7.-7 of Fig. 6;

- 7 Fig. 8;is;a plan of another form of incinerator accordn at he invent on;

Figs. 9 and 10 are sections on the lines 9.-9 and ;l- Q;1Q, respectively, of Fig. 8;

i Fig. ll isa section on the line. 11--11,of Fig. 9;

Fig, -12 is aside elevation of the incinerator according aFis- 8; n

9 and; top wall 11, which, walls except for ,the outer. metallic shell 13 are formedof heatrefractory material. the. casing extendingbetween its side walls l and 5.,andalong the side wall.3 is shown a horizontal partition 15- positioned in spaced relation to the bottom wall 9,.this, partition being formed of one or more slabs o feheatfrefractory materialand, as best shown in Fig. 2,

I extending from. the casing sidewall 3 part way across the'casingichamber towardthecasing side wall 1. Also within the; casing intermediate the sidewalls 1 and 3 .is

a tical 'partitionjfl, of heatrefracto-rymaterial, ex; ndl.

n g between the topwall 11 and, the horizontal par tition- 15 adjacent theinner edge of the latter. Below the horizontal partition 15jis positionedat the central portionofthe casing a pier 19 resting on the bottom wallflfot the casingfor supportingthe' horizontal par; 15 a n d the vertical pattitionl? resting on s-aid .r pnt lpa t sa I Withinithe casing is. positioned above, the horizontal .5 emi sr z nta it qn xt ndin M 7 i existing .2. side.

a United States Patent 0 ' ice walls 3, 5 and 7 so as to divide the space within the casing at the right of the vertical partition 17, as viewed in Fig. 2, into an intermediate burner chamber 23 and an upper chamber 25, these two chambers being positioned above the lower chamber 27 beneath the horizontal partition 15.

As best shown in Figs. 2 and 5, the horizontal partition 15 projects slightly beyond the left hand side of the vertical partition 17, as viewed in those figures, to form a ledge 29, while in horizontal alignment with such ledge the casing side wall 1 is formed to provide a second projecting ledge 31. Supported on the upper sides of these ledges are the opposite end portions of a row of spaced bars 33, of heat refractory material, which form a grate dividing the interior space of the casing at i the left of the vertical partition 17 and pier 19, as viewed in Fig. 2, into an upper charging chamber 35 for the material to be incinerated and an ashpit 37 below the grate, this ashp-it as well -as the chamber 27 below the horizontal partition 15 being provided with the cleanout doors indicated at 39 (Figs. 4 and 7).

It will be observed that by the above construction the vertical partition 17, pier 19, and the portion of the horizontal partition 15 between them, form in effect, because the pier is spaced from the casing side walls 5 and 7, a single vertical partition having openings 41 (Figs. 3, 4 and 5) connecting the opposite end portions of the ashpit 37 with the opposite end portions of the chamber 27 positioned below the horizontal partition 15.

As further shown, the top wall 11 of the casing is provided with an opening 43 at the top of the charging chamber 35 normally closed by a hinged door 45, this door when opened permitting the material to be incinerated to be entered into the charging chamber where it rests on the grate formed by the bars 33.

As shown, thelower horizontal partition 15 is provided adjacent the vertical partition 17 with an opening 47 placing the chamber 27 below that partition in communication with the burner chamber 23 immediately above it. The second horizontal partition 21 is shown as, provided adjacent the side wall 7 of the casing with an opening 49 placing one end portion of the burner chamber in. communication with an end portion of the upper chamber 25, while the casing top wall 11 is provided at its end portion opposite the opening 49 with a discharge opening 51 for escape of gaseous products from the incinerator to the atmosphere.

Positioned within the burner chamber .23 and resting upon the horizontal partition 15 is shown a block 53 forming an inwardly projecting portion of the casing side wall 3. As shown, this side wall and the block are formed with a cylindrical opening 55 having atthe inner end'of theblock an-outwardly flaring trusts-conical portion 57. The cylindrical portion of the opening receives the blast tube 59 of a fluid fuel burner. This burner "may be an oil burner of the conventional type having a blower 61 fordelivering a blast of air to the blast tube, an oil pump 63-f0r supplying oil under pressure to a spray-nozzle 65 positioned at the discharge end of the blast tube, and an electric motor 67 fordriving the blower and oil pump, the burner being provided with ignition means conveniently in the form of spark electrodes (not shown) for igniting the oil discharged from the nozzle.

Whentheburner motor 67 is operated to drive the blower and oilpump a strong blast ofjburning mixture of oil and combustion. air will be projected from the 1 block 53 horizontally across the burner chamber 23 over the opening 47in thehorizontal partition 15 and through an opening 69 formed in the jvertical partition 17 opposite the discharg e end of the blasttubeand into the lower rt qas hesla sa s ss bafi sb eses.

operation the oil burner is so adjusted that it supplies an excess of combustion air to the blast over that necessary to burn the oil of the blast so that the blast will not only ignite the charge on the grate but will supply it with combustion air for causing it to burn.

In operation the ignited gaseous products of theblast and of the burning material on the grate descend through the grate into the ashpit 37 and flow therefrom through the openings 41 into opposite ends of the lower chamber 27 and from the central portion of that chamber upwardly through the opening 47 into the burner chamber 23. From the upper portion of one end of the burner chamber these products discharge through the opening 49 in the horizontal partition 21 into one end of the upper chamber 25 and then from the opposite end of said chamber through the opening 51 for discharge from the incinerator.

The gaseous products so flowing through the incinerator sweep over the walls of the upper and lower horizontal partitions 21 and 15 so as to maintain them at a high temperature, and likewise by their contact with the vertical partition, the pier 19, and the grate bars 33 maintain those portions of the incinerator at a high temperature, these temperatures while the oil burner is in operation being suflicient to maintain the parts incandescent.

The gaseous products discharging upwardly through the opening 47 in the lower horizontal partition 15 pass through the flame being projected across the burner chamber 23, which flame materially spreads because of the outwardly flaring frusto-conical discharge opening 57 of the block 53, part of said products being forced with the blast through the opening 69 into the charging chamber so that they are recirculated one or more times with the flame, the remaining portions of the products passing upwardly through the opening 49 in the hori zontal partition 21 into the upper chamber 25, from which latter they escape through the opening 51 to the atmosphere. The treatment of the gaseous products by the flame and the hot incandescent walls of the chambers 23, 25 and 27 causes all smoke particles and odoriferous constituents of the combustion products to be entirely consumed so that a smokeless and non-odorous gaseous product is discharged through the opening 51 from the incinerator.

It has been found that the blast from the oil burner projected through the opening 69 at the central portion of the charging chamber has a tendency to cause the charge to be consumed at a greater rate at that portion of the chamber than adjacent the ends of the grate, which if the grate is of sufficient length will sometimes cause a hole to be burned in the charge at the central portion of the grate, which in effect will short circuit the flame through the grate away from the charge on its end portions. To prevent this effect the vertical partition 17, at each of the end portions of the grate, is preferably formed with a through opening 71, just above the grate, of moderately restricted size to cause part of the flame projected into the central portion of the charging chamber to flow toward the ends of the grate and discharge with other gaseous products directly into the end portions of the burner chamber 23. Gaseous products entering the burner chamber through the openings 71 discharge from that chamber with the other gaseous products through the opening 49, and in passing through that chamber are treated by contact with the flame projected across said chamber and the incandescent walls of the chamber for consuming smoke forming particles and odoriferous constituents of such products.

Preferably the incinerator has provision for admitting auxiliary combustion air into the charging chamber and into the upper combustion chamber 25. As illustrated, for this purpose the side wall 7 of the incinerator casing adjacent its upper portion is formed with a passage 73 connected to a source of air under pressure such as an air blower and having an opening 75 for discharging air for admixture with the gaseous products flowing through the opening 49 into the chamber 25, the wall 7 being provided with a continuation 77 of said passage 73 and with openings 79 for discharging air into the charging chamber adjacent its upper portion so that such air will fiow downwardly through the charging chamber and the charge toward the grate for admixture with the combustion products.

In the modification of the invention according to Figs. 8 to 13 the incinerator is cylindrical. As shown by these figures, the incinerator casing comprises a cylindrical side wall 81, a bottom wall 83, and'a'top wall 85, which walls except for the outer metal shell 87 are formed of heat refractory material. As illustrated, the casing chamber is divided throughout its height into semi-cylindrical halves by a vertical diametrically positioned partition 89. The semi-cylindrical half at the right of the partition, as viewed in Fig. 9, is divided by the spaced horizontal partitions 91 and 93 into 'an' upper combustion chamber 95, an intermediate burner cham ber 97, and a lower combustion chamber 99. The semicylindrical half at the left of the vertical partitiou'89, as viewed in Fig. 9, is divided by a grate consisting of the horizontal row of spaced bars 101 into a charging chamber 103 above the grate and an ashpit 105 below the grate. The upper end of the charging chamber is normally closed by a hinged door 107 which may be opened for entering the charge into said chamber, in which chamber it is supported by the grate. .As shown, suitable normally closed cleanout doors 108 are provided for the ashpit 105 and for the lower combustion chamber 99.

In this later modification the blast tube 109 of the oil 7 of the burner chamber and through said opening into the charging chamber 103 tangentially of the inner arcuate wall of the latter.

The vertical partition 89 at its end opposite the opening 119 therein is shown as formed with an opening 121 placing the ashpit 105 in communication with the lower combustion chamber 99 so that the products of combustion of the blast and of the burning charge on the grate will descend through the grate into the ashpit and from there through the opening 121 into the lower combustion chamber 99.

Directly below the axial line of the blast tube 109 and opening 119 in the partition 89 the lower horizontal partition 93 is shown as formed with a circular opening 123, while directly above said opening 123 the upper horizontal partition 91 is formed with a circular opening 125, so that the products of combustion flowing into the lower combustion chamber 99 from the ashpit will in turn flow from the ashpit upwardly across the burner chamber 97 into the upper combustion chamber 95, from which upper chamber they will discharge to the atmosphere through the opening 127 formed in the top wall of the incinerator casing at the end of the upper combustion chamber opposite its end having the opening 125.

The ascending products of combustion flowing through the burner chamber 97 from the opening 123 to the opening 125 pass through the flame projected by the blast tube 109 horizontally across said chamber between said openings. the flame, such treatment aided by contact of said products with the incandescent walls of the lower combustion chamber 99, burner chamber 97, and upper combustion In this way said products are treated by to; nrcmctmomnls pt oducing particles and. odoriferous' constituents of the f gases. somejof, these. gaseous products. treated by] the b lastjof flame in] the burnerchamber will be caught by said blast" and recirculated one or more times through a the charging chamber, ashpit and lower combustion chamber 99back tov the, burner chamber, which recirclnlation aids in such treatment. offsueh products.

To prevent the above described effect of the blast tending to, burn a hole in that portion of the charge on the, grate, which is adjacent the opening119, the central vertical partition 8 9 is shown as provided just above, the g rate at its end opposite the. opening 119 with an opening 122.so.that.part of the blast will tend to flow through the charge; horizontally and discharge from the charging chamber 103 through theopening 129 directly into the burnenchamber97, thus, insuring that the charge will he burned approximately, uniformly throughout the horizontal, extent of the grate, The gaseous products entering thebnrner chamber through the opening 129 flow toward the opening .125 for discharge from said chamber through, theopening 1;25 at its opposite end. In so flowing ,they pass through the flame projected by the blast tube and therefore are treated by said blast in the same way, as the gaseous, products which enter the burner chamber through the I opening 123.,

It will be understood that the blast projected from the, blastjtube olfthe. oil burner into, the incinerator contains an excess amount of combustion air to, cause burning of,the charge, provision preferably being made. withincinerators, of the larger sizes for introduction of anxiliary combustion air into. thejcharging chamber. and upper combusion chamber 95, as hereinbefore described in connection with the modification. of the invention shownby Figs, 1 to 7. The interior arcuate wall surfaces of the incinerator, and particularly. the feature of having the blast projected against such Wall surface of the charging chamber? tangentially, causea pronounced whirling of the gaseous products, with, the result that the combustion air is elfectively mixed with such products s iom It will be unders at within the scope of the appended claims wide deviations may be made from the forms of the invention herein described without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. An incinerator having walls forming a casing comprising top, bottom and side walls; means operatively forming a vertical partition within said casing forming with the casing walls at one interior side of the casing a charging chamber for the material to be incinerated and forming a grate at the bottom of said charging chamher for supporting such material, which grate is in spaced relation to the bottom of said casing so as to provide an ashpit; vertically spaced upper and lower horizontal partitions within the Space in said casing at the opposite side of said vertical partition, which horizontal partitions extend from the side wall sufficiently to divide such space into a lower chamber opposite said ashpit, an intermediate burner chamber opposite the lower portion of said charging chamber, and an upper chamber opposite the upper portion of said charging chamber; said vertical partition being operatively formed to provide at least one opening placing said ashpit in communication with said lower chamber and an opening formed in said lower horizontal partition placing said lower chamber in communication with said burner chamber, which open ings are so relatively positioned as to cause gaseous products flowing from said ashpit to Said burner chamber by way of said openings to sweep over the lower side of said lower horizontal partition; said upper horizontal partition being formed with an opening placing said burner chamber in communication with said upper chamber; an opening formed in the casing walls for discharge d or gaseous rproducts. from said upper chamber at a.point remote from s aidopening in said upper horizontal partition forfcausing. gaseous products entering said upper chamber. 'th ough said opening in said upper horizontal partitionto sweep over the upper side of said upper horizontal partition in their travel through said upper chamber to said discharge opening; an opening formed in said verticalpartition placing said burner chamber in communication with the portion of said charging chamber adjacentthe grate; and means for projecting a burning blast of fiuidfuel and combustion air across said burner chamberdirectly above said opening in said lower horizontal part ition and intojsaid charging chamber through that opening in s aid vertical partition which places said burner chamber in communication with said charging s amb 2, An incineratorr according to claim 1 in which the charging chamber, ashpit, lower chamber, burner chamber and upper. chamber are all substantially coextensive in length with the length of the grate, the opening in the from the upper chamber being positioned. so that vertical planes through them intersect the grate adjacent and parallel to its opposite ends respectively.

3. An incinerator according to claim 1. in which the openingin theupper horizontal partition is horizontally spacedfrom the opening in the lower horizontal partition. so as to cause gaseousproducts entering the burner chamberfthrough said. opening in, said lower horizontal partition to sweep over the lower side of said upper horizontal partition in their travel to said opening in i said upperhori zontal partition.

4. Ari iIlCIHEIatOI' according to claim 1 in which the opening in the upper horizontal partition is positioned directly over the opening in the lower horizontal partition so as to facilitate treatment by the burning blast of the gaseous products traveling from one of said openings to the other.

5. An incinerator according to claim 1 in which the charging chamber, ashpit, lower chamber, burner chamber and upper chamber are all substantially coextensive in length with the length of the grate, the opening in the vertical partition through which the burning blast of fluid fuel and combustion air is projected into the charging chamber and the openings in the upper and lower horizontal partitions all being positioned in a plane transversely therethrough which intersects the grate transversely and adjacent one end of the grate, the vertical partition operatively having an opening adjacent the opposite end of the grate placing the ashpit in communication with the lower chamber, and the discharge opening from the upper chamber being positioned adjacent the end thereof opposite the opening tthereinto from the burner chamber.

6. An incinerator according to claim 1 in which the vertical partition is formed adjacent at least one end of the lower portion of the charging chamber with an opening placing the charging chamber directly in communication with the corresponding end portion of the burner chamber.

'7. An incinerator according to claim 1 in which the charging chamber, ashpit, lower chamber, burner chamber and upper chamber are all substantially coextensive in length with the length of the grate, the opening in the vertical partition through which the burning blast of fluid fuel and combustion air is projected into the charging grate substantially midway its length, the vertical partition being operatively formed to provide openings placing each of opposite end portions of the ashpit in communication with the corresponding end portions of the lower chamber, the opening in the upper horizontal partition and the discharge opening from the upper chamber being positioned in vertical planes transverse thereof intersecting the grate transversely adjacent its opposite ends respectively, and the vertical partition being formed adjacent each of opposite ends of the lower. portion of the charging chamber with an opening placing such portion directly in communication with the corresponding end portion of the burner chamber.

8. An incinerator according to claim 1 in which the charging chamber, ashpit, lower chamber, burner chamber and upper chamber are all substantially coextensive in length with the length of the grate, the opening in the 'vertical partition through which the burning blast of fluid fuel and combustion air is projected into the charging chamber and the openings in the upper and lower horizontal partitions all being positioned in a plane which intersects the grate adjacent one end of the grate, the vertical partition operatively having an opening adjacent the opposite end of the grate placing the ashpit in communication with the lower chamber, the discharge opening from the upper chamber being positioned adjacent the end thereof opposite the opening thereinto from the burner chamber, and the vertical partition adjacent that end of the lower portion of the charging chamber which 'is opposite the end of the charging chamber into which fluid fuel and combustion air is projected into the charging chamber and the openings in the upper and lower horizontal partitions all being positioned in a plane which intersects the grate adjacent one end of the grate, the

vertical partition operatively having an opening adjacent the opposite end of the grate placing the ashpit in communication with the lower chamber, thedischarge opening from the upper chamber being positioned adjacent the end thereof opposite the opening thereinto from the burner chamber, and the interior wall surface of the charging chamber being concave in horizontal planes at its portion opposite the opening in the vertical partition through which the burning blast of fluid fuel and combustion air is projected, which blast is so projected substantially tangentially of such concave portion.

10. An incinerator according to claim ,1 in which the charging chamber, ashpit, lower chamber, burner chamber and upper chamber are all substantially coextensive in length with the length of the grate, the opening in the vertical partition through which the burning blast of fluid fuel and combustion air is projected into the charging chamber and the openings in the upper and lower horizontal partitions all being positioned in a plane transverse thereof which transversely intersects the grate adjacent one end of the grate, the vertical partition operatively having an opening adjacent the opposite end of the grate placing the ashpit in communication with the lower chamber, the discharge opening from the upper chamber being positioned adjacent the end thereof opposite the opening thereinto from the burner chamber, the side wall surface of the casinginteriorly thereof being substantially continuously concave, and the opening in the vertical partition through which the burning blast of fluid fuel and combustion air is projected being so positioned as to cause such blast to be directed against said surface substantially tangentially thereof. 7

References Cited in the file of this patent Sherman June 7 10, 1958 a

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