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US2901317A - Anti-caking agent for ammonium nitrate - Google Patents

Anti-caking agent for ammonium nitrate Download PDF

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US2901317A
US2901317A US329146A US32914652A US2901317A US 2901317 A US2901317 A US 2901317A US 329146 A US329146 A US 329146A US 32914652 A US32914652 A US 32914652A US 2901317 A US2901317 A US 2901317A
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ammonium nitrate
particles
oxide
run
coated
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US329146A
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Jr Paul O Marti
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Standard Oil Co
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Standard Oil Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/18—Nitrates of ammonium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a particulate ammonium nitrate composition which is substantially non-caking and substantially free-flowing at atmospheric humidity. Also, the invention relates to an improved method of grinding ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric humidity.
  • Ammonium nitrate is hygroscopic. In the presence of atmospheric humidity particulate ammonium nitrate takes up moisture and the individual particles tend to agglomerate to form lumps; under conditions of high humidity the ammonium nitrate particles tend to form a solid mass. This agglomeration tendency of ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric humidity is commonly called caking or setting.
  • ammonium nitrate particles be free-flowing, e.g., when used as fertilizer, it is necessary that the granules flow readily from the hopper through the distributing slots onto the ground.
  • the powdered ammonium nitrate should flow readily from the storage bins into the mixing vessel. Bagged ammonium nitrate granules tend to cake and this cake must be broken up before use.
  • Another object of the invention is a composition consisting of ammonium nitrate particles coated with a defined anticaking-agent.
  • Still another object is a composition consisting of ammonium nitrate particles coated with a comminuted agent, which composition is characterized by essentially free-fiowability at atmospheric humidity and by a storage stability substantially that of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate.
  • a particular object of the invention is a method of grinding ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric humidity to produce powdered ammonium nitrate more quickly and more cheaply than by the prior art methods.
  • ammonium nitrate as used in this specification and in the claims is intended to include either ordinary commercial grade ammonium nitrate or dynamite grade ammonium nitrate or pure ammonium nitrate.
  • atmospheric humidity is intended to mean the presence of water vapor in air at various temperatures; or even the atmospheric condition commonly known as fog. More particularly, the term is intended to include those conditions at which the water vapor present in the air would cause agglomeration and caking of ammonium nitrate particles.
  • the copper oxide anticaking-agents of this invention may be either anhydrous or may contain small amounts of adsorbed water. Either the naturally occurrying material or synthetic material may be used.
  • the preferred individual members are: Cupric oxide, CuO; cuprous oxide, Cu O.
  • the anticaking-agents (grinding aids) of this invention must have a particle size markedly smaller than the particle size of the ammonium nitrate which is to be treated. In order to obtain substantially complete coating a comminuted mixture of the agent is preferred. Especially effective agents have a particle size between about 0.01 and about 10 microns; as much as 10 weight percent of particles having an average size somewhat greater than 10 microns may also be present. It is preferred to use agents having a particle size mainly below about 1 micron when the agent is intended for use solely as an anticaking-agent.
  • the anticaking-agent appears to operate by forming an adherent coating on the outer surface of the ammonium nitrate particle.
  • This coating of agent substantially preeludes the water vapor in the atmosphere from contacting the ammonium nitrate.
  • the agent particles reduce the agglomerating tendencies of the ammonium nitrate particles so that the flow characteristics of the particulate coated-ammonium nitrate is better than that of the uncoated particles even in a dry atmosphere.
  • the coating slows, somewhat, the rate of solution of the nitrate in liquid water; however, the solubility in liquid water is not changed.
  • the anticaking-agents of this invention adhere readily to the ammonium nitrate particles.
  • a non'caking composition is easily obtained by simple mixing of ammonium nitrate particles and a suitable amount of the anticakingagent. More finely divided coated ammonium nitrate particles may be obtained by passing simultaneously ammonium nitrate particles and a suitable amount of antibe desirable to regrind the product from the first grinding operation.
  • Some improvement in caking characteristics can be obtained by the addition of small amounts of agent.
  • at least sufficient agent should be added to the ammonium nitrate particles to substantially coat the entire outer surface of the ammonium nitrate particles. Amounts of agent in excess of this quantity have no significant beneficial effect on the free-fiowability of the coated ammonium nitrate particles.
  • the amount of anticaking-agent needed to coat a given quantity of ammonium nitrate particles is dependent upon the size of the ammonium nitrate particles. The smaller the particles the more agent needed per unit weight of ammonium nitrate.
  • cupric oxide or cuprous oxide For fertilizer size grains as little as 02 weight percent, based on ammonium nitrate, of cupric oxide or cuprous oxide is sufficient. For the ammonium nitrate particles in so-called dynamite grade, between about 0.5 and 1.0 weight percent of cupric oxide or cuprous oxide may be needed. For the fine powder desirable for some explosive usages wherein most of the particles pass through a 325 mesh screen as much as 4 or 5 weight percent of cupric oxide or cuprous oxide may be needed.
  • the amount of anticaking-agent needed to obtain a particulate ammonium nitrate composition characterized byessentially free-fiowability at atmospheric humidity is between about 0.2 and 5 weight percent of comminuted anticaking-agent wherein the larger amount corresponds to the finer averageparticle size of the ammonium nitrate.
  • the anticaking-agents of this invention catalyze the decomposition of ammonium nitrate.
  • the presence of copper oxide in ammonium nitrate can result in an explosion when the ammonium nitrate is heated to about 130 C.
  • the presence of copper 0X- ide markedly increases the rate of decomposition, as measured by gas evolution, at higher atmospheric temperatures.
  • the amounts of anticakingagents needed to produce free-flowing ammonium nitrate particles at atmospheric humidity are sufiiciently less than the amounts needed to catalyze the decomposition of ammonium nitrate that the coated particles are characterized by storage stability substantially that of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate.
  • Dynamite grade ammonium nitrate contains a sufficient amount of impurities such that the stability is not as great as pure ammonium nitrate; nevertheless, the stability of the dynamite grade is sufficient for all explosive purposes.
  • Rim 2 This was carried out by mixing about 1 weight percent of commercial grade cupric oxide, based on ammonium nitrate, with the same amount of ammonium nitrate particles as used in run 1. The mixing was accomplished by stirring the oxide and the ammonium nitrate particles with a spatula.
  • Run 3.A test was made with cuprous oxide under the same conditions as run 2. The results with the cuprous oxide appeared to be identical with those of the cupric oxide.
  • Example II Run 4.Dynamite grade ammonium nitrate was ground in a Mikro-Pulverizer at a speed of 9600 rpm. using a slotted screen at a relative humidity of 70%. The first ground material was reground under the same conditions to maximize the finer particles. screen analysis of this material was:
  • Run 6 This run used cuprous oxide as the agent. Under the conditions of run 5, it appears that cuprous oxide and cupric oxide are equally effective as anticakingagents. 2
  • ammonium nitrate and the oxide were commingled by The Rotap shaking in a jar before being charged to the hopper. The total time for two passes through the pulverizer in this run was about 5 minutes.
  • the Rotap analysis of the coated ammonium nitrate product from this run was:
  • This run illustrates the remarkable reduction in grinding time obtained by the use of comminuted copper oxide as a grinding aid and the simultaneous considerable decrease in average particle size of the product ammonium nitrate. It is obvious that a considerable decrease in speed of the Mikro-Pulverizer can be made when using grinding aid in order to obtain the same particle size distribution as that given in run 6.
  • Electron microscopic examination of the product ammonium nitrate particles showedthe ammonium nitrate to be substantially completely coated with a layer of oxide.
  • the coated ammonium nitrate particles showed only a few very small lumps after about 2 months exposure to the conditions of run 2.
  • a particulate composition consisting of ammonium nitrate particles coated with a comminuted copper oxide, which coated particles are characterized by substantially free-flowability at atmospheric humidity and by a storage stability substantially that of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate.
  • a particulate composition consisting of ammonium nitrate particles coated with between about 0.2 and 5 weight percent, based on ammonium nitrate, of a copper oxide, having a particle size between about 0.01 and 4 microns, where the smaller percentage corresponds to larger ammonium nitrate particles, and which composition is characterized by free-flowability at atmospheric humidity and by a storage stability substantially that of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate.
  • composition of claim 4 wherein said oxide is selected from the class consisting of cupric oxide and cuprous oxide.
  • An improved method of grinding ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric humidity which method consists of grinding ammonium nitrate particles in the presence of a comminuted copper oxide to obtain nitrate particles of size smaller than those charged.
  • An improved method of grinding ammonium nitrate particles in the presence of atmospheric humidity which method consists of grinding ammonium nitrate particles in the presence of between about 0.3 and 5 weight percent, based on the nitrate, wherein the larger amount corresponds to the finger average particle size of the ammonium nitrate, of copper oxide, having a particle size between about 0.01 and 10 microns, which product nitrate particles are of a smaller size than the particles charged.
  • a non-caking ammonium nitrate composition which consists of ammonium nitrate particles having a Rotap screen analysis: +14 mesh, about 3 wt. percent; +30 mesh, about wt. percent; +80 mesh, about 12 wt. percent; and --80 mesh, about 5 wt. percent; coated with about 1 wt. percent, based on nitrate, of cupric oxide, having a particle size between about 0.01 and 10 microns, mainly below about 1 micron.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)

Description

limited States Patent Mi ANT I-CAKIN G AGENT FOR AMMONIUM NITRATE Paul 0. Marti, Jr., Munster, Ind., assignor to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application December 31, 1952 Serial No. 329,146
11 Claims. (Cl. 23-403) This invention relates to a particulate ammonium nitrate composition which is substantially non-caking and substantially free-flowing at atmospheric humidity. Also, the invention relates to an improved method of grinding ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric humidity.
Ammonium nitrate is hygroscopic. In the presence of atmospheric humidity particulate ammonium nitrate takes up moisture and the individual particles tend to agglomerate to form lumps; under conditions of high humidity the ammonium nitrate particles tend to form a solid mass. This agglomeration tendency of ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric humidity is commonly called caking or setting.
For most commercial uses it is desirable that the ammonium nitrate particles be free-flowing, e.g., when used as fertilizer, it is necessary that the granules flow readily from the hopper through the distributing slots onto the ground. For use in the explosive industry the powdered ammonium nitrate should flow readily from the storage bins into the mixing vessel. Bagged ammonium nitrate granules tend to cake and this cake must be broken up before use.
Unless considerable care is taken to maintain low atmospheric humidity, it is extremely difiicult to obtain powdered ammonium nitrate of a particle size suitable for explosive use. Even with care regarding atmospheric humidity, it is at present a slow and expensive grinding operation to prepare finely powdered ammonium nitrate.
It is an object of this invention to prepare a particulate ammonium nitrate composition that is not susceptible to atmospheric humidity. Another object of the invention is a composition consisting of ammonium nitrate particles coated with a defined anticaking-agent. Still another object is a composition consisting of ammonium nitrate particles coated with a comminuted agent, which composition is characterized by essentially free-fiowability at atmospheric humidity and by a storage stability substantially that of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate. A particular object of the invention is a method of grinding ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric humidity to produce powdered ammonium nitrate more quickly and more cheaply than by the prior art methods. Another particular object is an improved method of grinding ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric Patented Aug. 25, 1959 The term ammonium nitrate as used in this specification and in the claims is intended to include either ordinary commercial grade ammonium nitrate or dynamite grade ammonium nitrate or pure ammonium nitrate.
The term atmospheric humidity is intended to mean the presence of water vapor in air at various temperatures; or even the atmospheric condition commonly known as fog. More particularly, the term is intended to include those conditions at which the water vapor present in the air would cause agglomeration and caking of ammonium nitrate particles.
The copper oxide anticaking-agents of this invention may be either anhydrous or may contain small amounts of adsorbed water. Either the naturally occurrying material or synthetic material may be used. The preferred individual members are: Cupric oxide, CuO; cuprous oxide, Cu O.
The anticaking-agents (grinding aids) of this invention must have a particle size markedly smaller than the particle size of the ammonium nitrate which is to be treated. In order to obtain substantially complete coating a comminuted mixture of the agent is preferred. Especially effective agents have a particle size between about 0.01 and about 10 microns; as much as 10 weight percent of particles having an average size somewhat greater than 10 microns may also be present. It is preferred to use agents having a particle size mainly below about 1 micron when the agent is intended for use solely as an anticaking-agent.
The anticaking-agent appears to operate by forming an adherent coating on the outer surface of the ammonium nitrate particle. This coating of agent substantially preeludes the water vapor in the atmosphere from contacting the ammonium nitrate. Furthermore, the agent particles reduce the agglomerating tendencies of the ammonium nitrate particles so that the flow characteristics of the particulate coated-ammonium nitrate is better than that of the uncoated particles even in a dry atmosphere. The coating slows, somewhat, the rate of solution of the nitrate in liquid water; however, the solubility in liquid water is not changed.
The anticaking-agents of this invention adhere readily to the ammonium nitrate particles. A non'caking composition is easily obtained by simple mixing of ammonium nitrate particles and a suitable amount of the anticakingagent. More finely divided coated ammonium nitrate particles may be obtained by passing simultaneously ammonium nitrate particles and a suitable amount of antibe desirable to regrind the product from the first grinding operation.
Some improvement in caking characteristics can be obtained by the addition of small amounts of agent. For best results and maximum improvement in caking characteristics at least sufficient agent should be added to the ammonium nitrate particles to substantially coat the entire outer surface of the ammonium nitrate particles. Amounts of agent in excess of this quantity have no significant beneficial effect on the free-fiowability of the coated ammonium nitrate particles. The amount of anticaking-agent needed to coat a given quantity of ammonium nitrate particles is dependent upon the size of the ammonium nitrate particles. The smaller the particles the more agent needed per unit weight of ammonium nitrate. For fertilizer size grains as little as 02 weight percent, based on ammonium nitrate, of cupric oxide or cuprous oxide is sufficient. For the ammonium nitrate particles in so-called dynamite grade, between about 0.5 and 1.0 weight percent of cupric oxide or cuprous oxide may be needed. For the fine powder desirable for some explosive usages wherein most of the particles pass through a 325 mesh screen as much as 4 or 5 weight percent of cupric oxide or cuprous oxide may be needed. In general the amount of anticaking-agent needed to obtain a particulate ammonium nitrate composition characterized byessentially free-fiowability at atmospheric humidity is between about 0.2 and 5 weight percent of comminuted anticaking-agent wherein the larger amount corresponds to the finer averageparticle size of the ammonium nitrate.
The anticaking-agents of this invention catalyze the decomposition of ammonium nitrate. The presence of copper oxide in ammonium nitrate can result in an explosion when the ammonium nitrate is heated to about 130 C. The higher the purity of the ammonium nitrate, the more catalyst required. The presence of copper 0X- ide markedly increases the rate of decomposition, as measured by gas evolution, at higher atmospheric temperatures. However, in general, the amounts of anticakingagents needed to produce free-flowing ammonium nitrate particles at atmospheric humidity are sufiiciently less than the amounts needed to catalyze the decomposition of ammonium nitrate that the coated particles are characterized by storage stability substantially that of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate. Dynamite grade ammonium nitrate contains a sufficient amount of impurities such that the stability is not as great as pure ammonium nitrate; nevertheless, the stability of the dynamite grade is sufficient for all explosive purposes.
In order to illustrate the results obtainable with the anticaking-agents of this invention, the following illustrative examples are set forth:
Example I Screen mesh number: Wt. percent retained A quantity of this ammonium nitrate was placed in an 8-ounce screw-top jar. The top was loosely screwed on so that the atmosphere would have access to the interior of the jar. The jar was placed on a shelf in a room; after 7 days exposure to room temperatures between about 70 and 85 F. and relative humidities of between about 30 and 70%, the ammonium nitrate particles had caked not only together, but had adhered to the glass surface. It was possible to invert the jar without any of the ammonium nitrate particles becoming detached from the mass or the mass becoming detached from the bottom of the jar.
Rim 2.This was carried out by mixing about 1 weight percent of commercial grade cupric oxide, based on ammonium nitrate, with the same amount of ammonium nitrate particles as used in run 1. The mixing was accomplished by stirring the oxide and the ammonium nitrate particles with a spatula.
An electron microscopic examination of the oxide showed that the particle size ranged from 0.01 to about 10 microns; most of the particles were less than 1 micron 1n slze.
peratures of between 70 and F. and relative humidi ties between about 20 and 80%.
Run 3.A test was made with cuprous oxide under the same conditions as run 2. The results with the cuprous oxide appeared to be identical with those of the cupric oxide.
Example II Run 4.Dynamite grade ammonium nitrate was ground in a Mikro-Pulverizer at a speed of 9600 rpm. using a slotted screen at a relative humidity of 70%. The first ground material was reground under the same conditions to maximize the finer particles. screen analysis of this material was:
Screen mesh number: Wt. percent retained +80 0.3 +120 4.7 +200 37.0 +325 35.0 325 23.0
A quantity of this 9600 rpm. material was placed in an 8-ounce glass jar as described in run 1. After 2 days exposure to room temperature of about 75 F. and a relative humidity between about 50 and 70%, the material was caked solid and adhered firmly to the glass jar. The jar could be inverted without detaching any of the caked material.
Run 5.About 3 weight percent of cupric oxide (same as in run 2) was added to a quantity of the 9600 rpm. material. Microscopic examination of the mixture showed the ammonium nitrate particles to be completely coated with a layer of the agent. After 2 months exposure to the same atmospheric conditions as those given in run 2 the coated ammonium nitrate was still substantially free-flowing, although some very small lumps had formed.
Run 6.This run used cuprous oxide as the agent. Under the conditions of run 5, it appears that cuprous oxide and cupric oxide are equally effective as anticakingagents. 2
Example III Run 7.-Dynamite grade ammonium nitrate was ground in the Mikro-Pulverizer at 9600 r.p.m. The ground material was ground a second time. The room temperature during the grinding was about 75 F. and the relative humidity was about The ground material tended to blind the screen. The total grinding time for 200 grams of ammonium nitrate charged was somewhat more than one-half hour.
The 9600 rpm. material formed lumps in a short time and in about 2 days was caked solid when exposed in a loosely capped jar to a room temperature of about 75 F. and a relative humidity of about 70-80%.
The Rotap screen analysis of this 9600 r.p.m. material made immediately after grinding-was:
Screen mesh number: Wt. percent retained Run 8.-Under the same atmospheric conditions as those given in run 6, 200 grams of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate and 6 grams of cupric oxide were charged to the Mikro-Pulverizer operating at 9600 rpm. The.
ammonium nitrate and the oxide were commingled by The Rotap shaking in a jar before being charged to the hopper. The total time for two passes through the pulverizer in this run was about 5 minutes. The Rotap analysis of the coated ammonium nitrate product from this run was:
This run illustrates the remarkable reduction in grinding time obtained by the use of comminuted copper oxide as a grinding aid and the simultaneous considerable decrease in average particle size of the product ammonium nitrate. It is obvious that a considerable decrease in speed of the Mikro-Pulverizer can be made when using grinding aid in order to obtain the same particle size distribution as that given in run 6.
Electron microscopic examination of the product ammonium nitrate particles showedthe ammonium nitrate to be substantially completely coated with a layer of oxide. The coated ammonium nitrate particles showed only a few very small lumps after about 2 months exposure to the conditions of run 2.
Thus having described the invention, what is claimed is:
1. A particulate composition consisting of ammonium nitrate particles coated with a comminuted copper oxide, which coated particles are characterized by substantially free-flowability at atmospheric humidity and by a storage stability substantially that of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate.
2. The coated particles of claim 1 wherein said oxide is cupric oxide.
3. The coated particles of claim 1 wherein said oxide is cuprous oxide.
4. A particulate composition consisting of ammonium nitrate particles coated with between about 0.2 and 5 weight percent, based on ammonium nitrate, of a copper oxide, having a particle size between about 0.01 and 4 microns, where the smaller percentage corresponds to larger ammonium nitrate particles, and which composition is characterized by free-flowability at atmospheric humidity and by a storage stability substantially that of dynamite grade ammonium nitrate.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said oxide is selected from the class consisting of cupric oxide and cuprous oxide.
6. An improved method of grinding ammonium nitrate in the presence of atmospheric humidity, which method consists of grinding ammonium nitrate particles in the presence of a comminuted copper oxide to obtain nitrate particles of size smaller than those charged.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the particle size of said oxide is between about 0.01 and 10 microns.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said oxide is cupric oxide.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein said oxide is present in an amount at least sufiicient to substantially coat the surface of the product ammonium nitrate particles.
10. An improved method of grinding ammonium nitrate particles in the presence of atmospheric humidity, which method consists of grinding ammonium nitrate particles in the presence of between about 0.3 and 5 weight percent, based on the nitrate, wherein the larger amount corresponds to the finger average particle size of the ammonium nitrate, of copper oxide, having a particle size between about 0.01 and 10 microns, which product nitrate particles are of a smaller size than the particles charged.
11. A non-caking ammonium nitrate composition which consists of ammonium nitrate particles having a Rotap screen analysis: +14 mesh, about 3 wt. percent; +30 mesh, about wt. percent; +80 mesh, about 12 wt. percent; and --80 mesh, about 5 wt. percent; coated with about 1 wt. percent, based on nitrate, of cupric oxide, having a particle size between about 0.01 and 10 microns, mainly below about 1 micron.
Harned Oct. 2, 1883 Cairns et a1 Mar. 3, 1942

Claims (1)

1. A PARTICULATE COMPOSITION CONSISTING OF AMMONIUM NITRATE PARTICLES COATED WITH A COMMINUTED COPPER OXIDE, WHICH COATED PARTICELS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY SUBSTANTIALLY FREE-FLOWABILITY AT ATMOSPHERE HUMIDITY AND BY A STORAGE STABILITY SUBSTANTIALLY THAT OF DYNAMITE GRADE AMMONIUM NITRATE.
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3027267A (en) * 1957-10-03 1962-03-27 Phillips Petroleum Co Process for drying granular coated ammonium nitrate
US3273960A (en) * 1961-10-17 1966-09-20 Monsanto Co Caking resistant monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate and process for its manufacture
US3419416A (en) * 1964-11-18 1968-12-31 Boeing Co Prevention of caking in high temperature fluidization processes
US3423199A (en) * 1965-09-29 1969-01-21 Tennessee Valley Authority Fertilizers containing microand macronutrients
US3523019A (en) * 1969-09-04 1970-08-04 Tennessee Valley Authority Fertilizers containing micro- and macronutrients
US3523029A (en) * 1967-08-21 1970-08-04 Cataphote Corp Hot melt highway marking composition
FR2782075A1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-11 Hydro Agri France PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE PRODUCTS WITH REINFORCED THERMAL STABILITY AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED
DE10332729A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-02-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Particles of ammonium nitrate supplemented with additives and process for their preparation
DE10332730A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-02-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ammonium nitrate (AN) and / or ammonium dinitramide (ADN) particles and process for their preparation
EP1597200A4 (en) * 2003-01-30 2009-10-21 Autoliv Asp Inc Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate
US20120036908A1 (en) * 2010-08-11 2012-02-16 Honeywell International Inc. Compositions and methods to deter illicit uses of fertilizers
US20120067093A1 (en) * 2010-08-11 2012-03-22 Honeywell International Inc. Compositions and methods to detect illicit uses of fertilizers
RU2714427C2 (en) * 2015-02-10 2020-02-14 Максамкорп Холдинг, С.Л. Ammonium nitrate product and method for production thereof, explosive containing said product

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US286132A (en) * 1883-10-02 Process of grinding caustic soda
US2274822A (en) * 1938-12-08 1942-03-03 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Dynamite improvement in water resistance by coating

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US286132A (en) * 1883-10-02 Process of grinding caustic soda
US2274822A (en) * 1938-12-08 1942-03-03 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Dynamite improvement in water resistance by coating

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3027267A (en) * 1957-10-03 1962-03-27 Phillips Petroleum Co Process for drying granular coated ammonium nitrate
US3273960A (en) * 1961-10-17 1966-09-20 Monsanto Co Caking resistant monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate and process for its manufacture
US3419416A (en) * 1964-11-18 1968-12-31 Boeing Co Prevention of caking in high temperature fluidization processes
US3423199A (en) * 1965-09-29 1969-01-21 Tennessee Valley Authority Fertilizers containing microand macronutrients
US3523029A (en) * 1967-08-21 1970-08-04 Cataphote Corp Hot melt highway marking composition
US3523019A (en) * 1969-09-04 1970-08-04 Tennessee Valley Authority Fertilizers containing micro- and macronutrients
FR2782075A1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-11 Hydro Agri France PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE PRODUCTS WITH REINFORCED THERMAL STABILITY AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED
EP1597200A4 (en) * 2003-01-30 2009-10-21 Autoliv Asp Inc Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate
DE10332730A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-02-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ammonium nitrate (AN) and / or ammonium dinitramide (ADN) particles and process for their preparation
DE10332730B4 (en) * 2003-07-17 2008-11-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ammonium nitrate (AN) particles and process for their preparation
DE10332729A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-02-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Particles of ammonium nitrate supplemented with additives and process for their preparation
US20120036908A1 (en) * 2010-08-11 2012-02-16 Honeywell International Inc. Compositions and methods to deter illicit uses of fertilizers
US20120067093A1 (en) * 2010-08-11 2012-03-22 Honeywell International Inc. Compositions and methods to detect illicit uses of fertilizers
US8858673B2 (en) * 2010-08-11 2014-10-14 Honeywell International Inc. Compositions and methods to deter illicit uses of fertilizers
US8858672B2 (en) * 2010-08-11 2014-10-14 Honeywell International Inc. Compositions and methods to detect illicit uses of fertilizers
EP2603477A4 (en) * 2010-08-11 2017-11-01 AdvanSix Resins & Chemicals LLC Compositions and methods to deter illicit uses of fertilizers
RU2714427C2 (en) * 2015-02-10 2020-02-14 Максамкорп Холдинг, С.Л. Ammonium nitrate product and method for production thereof, explosive containing said product

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