US2992100A - Method of separating colour emulsion from acetate back colour transparencies - Google Patents
Method of separating colour emulsion from acetate back colour transparencies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2992100A US2992100A US640611A US64061157A US2992100A US 2992100 A US2992100 A US 2992100A US 640611 A US640611 A US 640611A US 64061157 A US64061157 A US 64061157A US 2992100 A US2992100 A US 2992100A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- colour
- acetate
- backing
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Natural products COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ORWQBKPSGDRPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]-1h-indol-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(CCN(C)CC)=CNC2=C1 ORWQBKPSGDRPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000875 Dissolving pulp Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000005561 Musa balbisiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
- G03C11/12—Stripping or transferring intact photographic layers
Definitions
- the colour emulsion may be removed intact from the cellulose acetate'baoking on which the emulsion is bonded on a colour transparency and remounted upon glass or any other transparent medium.
- colour transparencies consist of a cellulose acetate backing to which there is bonded (on one side) the colour emulsion which forms the actual picture and (on the other side) an anti-halation coating such as gelatin or the like adapted to prevent the reflection of light from the obverse side of the acetate.
- the colour emulsion itself is of laminated construction consisting of successive layers of the 3 primary colours with filters and bonding agents therebetween, the whole colour emulsion being of the order of .002 or .003 inch thick.
- the invention consists broadly in removing the cellulose acetate backing from a colour transparency by (1) Covering the emulsion surface with a layer of a clear, transparent waterproof, plastic coating, which is inert to sodium hypochlorite,
- the transparency is preferably first coated, on the emulsion side, with a clear, waterproof coating which is inert to sodium hypochlorite.
- This preliminary coating is not absolutely necessary, but for reasons which will become apparent hereafter, it constitutes a preferred step in the practice of the invention.
- any coating which meets the requirements of (a) transparency (b) water repellence and (c) inertness to sodium hypochlorite may be used with equally effective results.
- the thus coated emulsion may then be conveniently placed, emulsion side down, on a flat sheet such as glass, and the edges sealed to the glass by cellulose tape, masking tape or any other chemically inert water-proof seal.
- the anti-halation backing may then be removed with sodium hypochlorite or an aqueous solution thereof.
- the anti-halation backing is readily soluble in sodium hypochlorite and the backing may easily be removed merely by application of the sodium hypochlorite followed by a light swabbing with cotton batting or any non-abrasive swab soaked in sodium hypochlorite.
- a sponge soaked in sodium hypochlorite may also be used both to apply the solution and to rub ed the dissolved backing.
- the transparency, still sealed to the glass, with the acetate backing now exposed, is coated with a solvent.
- the solvent must be one capable of dissolving the cellulose acetate but inert to the film emulsion, and many such compounds are well known in the art. Among the more effective is acetone which will readily dissolve the acetate but leave the emulsion unharmed.
- a product marketed under the trade name Methyl Cellosolve Acetate (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate) is also effective. It is understood that this compound is primarily a solution of ether. The choice of such compounds is well within the skill of the art, and when here and elsewhere in this specification and claims we use the term solvent, it is to be understood as meaning a solution capable of dissolving cellulose acetate but inert to the colour emul- $1011.
- the solvent may be applied with a sponge, brush, or by merely flowing it over the now exposed acetate backmg.
- the backing After the backing has been softened by the action of the solvent, it will become tacky and gummy, and may readily be removed from the colour emulsion by scraping with a non-abrasive scraping edge (such as a rubber squeegee or a cardboard scraper) or rubbed off with solvent saturated swabs.
- a non-abrasive scraping edge such as a rubber squeegee or a cardboard scraper
- a clear transparent coating similar to that initially used to coat the emulsion side, may now be applied to the emulsion thus exposed, and, the emulsion is isolated and ready for remounting.
- the use of the transparent coating initially protects the colour emulsion face against the action of sodium hypochlorite which might conceivably seep under the masking tape. Coating both sides of the emulsion renders the isolated emulsion waterrepellent and helps to overcome many of the disadvantages associated with the handling of wet emulsions.
- Remounting of the .isolated emulsion is well within the scope of the competent workmen in the art, many bonding compositionsbeing well known for such purpose.
- a product manufactured and sold by the Eastman- Kodak Company known in the trade as stripping film cement will be found suitable for the purpose.
- the emulsion may be mounted upon glass, or any other flat surface, but for engraving purposes, a glass backing will invariably be used.
- a process for removing a colour emulsion from a film transparency consisting of a cellulose acetate backing having a colour emulsion insoluble in an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate bonded to one side and coated on the other side with a sodium hypochlorite soluble anti-halation coating which comprises (1) placing the emulsion side of the transparency against a flat surface and completely sealing the edges thereof to said flat surface;
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 2,992,100 METHOD OF SEPARATING COLOUR EMUL- SION FROM ACETATE BACK COLOUR TRANSPARENCIES Keay Harold C. Grant, 4 Glen Muir Drive, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada, and James L. Bacon, Main St., Uni'onville, Ontario, Canada No Drawing. Filed Feb. 18, 1957, Ser. No. 640,611
2 Claims. (Cl. 96-2) This invention relates to the colour photography art, 7
and more particularly to an improved method whereby the colour emulsion may be removed intact from the cellulose acetate'baoking on which the emulsion is bonded on a colour transparency and remounted upon glass or any other transparent medium.
As is well known in the art, developed colour transparencies consist of a cellulose acetate backing to which there is bonded (on one side) the colour emulsion which forms the actual picture and (on the other side) an anti-halation coating such as gelatin or the like adapted to prevent the reflection of light from the obverse side of the acetate. The colour emulsion itself is of laminated construction consisting of successive layers of the 3 primary colours with filters and bonding agents therebetween, the whole colour emulsion being of the order of .002 or .003 inch thick.
It is also well known in the art that for many applications, and in particular for photo-engraving of colour slides, it is desirable to mount the colour emulsion upon glass after having removed it from its acetate backing. The shooting of a colour slide through glass by a photoengraving camera is by far the easiest, cheapest and most satisfactory method of making a colour engraving.
So far as is known, there is only one principal method in use today for the removal of the colour emulsion from the. acetate backing. This is a method used by the Eastman-Kodak Company. So far as is known, this method consists in plunging the print into a hot water bath containing chemicals such as an other solution which partially dissolves the acetate backing and loosens the bond between emulsion and backing. After a certain amount of soaking in this bath, the procedure is to peel the emulsion from the backing manually, whereupon the wet emulsion may be applied to any other surface.
There are several notable disadvantages to this process including:
(1) The fact that it is necessary to soak the whole print is in itself a serious disadvantage. The difiiculty of working with wet acetate and emulsion is well known in the photographic art. The emulsion when wet becomes extremely sticky and must be handled with the utmost care to prevent curling, tearing or other damage.
(2) The fact that it is necessary to soak the whole print makes it necessary to stretch the print prior to afiixinent to the backing since the wet emulsion has a tendency to shrink upon drying, and such shrinking would cause distortion of the original image.
(3) The requirement for manual peeling of the emulsion from the acetate is delicate and diflicult. Many prints are lost through tearing, and the process is, even when successful, time consuming and correspondingly expensive.
It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide a method of removing colour film emulsion from the cellulose acetate backing of colour transparencies without the necessity of wetting the entire print, or passing it into or through liquid baths.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a method that will be more reliable than has heretofore been possible.
It is another object of the invention to provide such ice a method as will simplify the former procedure and require no manual peeling of the acetate from the emulslon.
It is a still further obiect of the invention to provide such a method as will materially reduce the cost of stripping and remounting such emulsions.
These and other advantageous objects will become apparent through a consideration of the following detailed description.
The invention consists broadly in removing the cellulose acetate backing from a colour transparency by (1) Covering the emulsion surface with a layer of a clear, transparent waterproof, plastic coating, which is inert to sodium hypochlorite,
(2) Removing the anti-halationcoating by swabbing with sodium hypochlorite or an aqueous solution thereof,
3) Saturating the acetate with a solvent and removing the dissolved acetate'by scraping or swabbing, and
(4) Coating the acetate side of emulsion as in 1).
In greater detail, the method of the invention is as follows:
The transparency is preferably first coated, on the emulsion side, with a clear, waterproof coating which is inert to sodium hypochlorite. This preliminary coating is not absolutely necessary, but for reasons which will become apparent hereafter, it constitutes a preferred step in the practice of the invention.
' A coating which has been used with good results is marked under the trade name Protectocoafiand is manufactured by Sigma Products, Newton, New I ersey, U.S.A.
Any coating which meets the requirements of (a) transparency (b) water repellence and (c) inertness to sodium hypochlorite may be used with equally effective results. Thus, we have used, for example as a substitute for the Protectocoat a coat-ing of substantially equal parts of ether, acetate, and banana oil.
The thus coated emulsion may then be conveniently placed, emulsion side down, on a flat sheet such as glass, and the edges sealed to the glass by cellulose tape, masking tape or any other chemically inert water-proof seal.
The anti-halation backing may then be removed with sodium hypochlorite or an aqueous solution thereof.
It has been found that the anti-halation backing is readily soluble in sodium hypochlorite and the backing may easily be removed merely by application of the sodium hypochlorite followed by a light swabbing with cotton batting or any non-abrasive swab soaked in sodium hypochlorite. A sponge soaked in sodium hypochlorite may also be used both to apply the solution and to rub ed the dissolved backing.
After the anti-halation backing has been removed, the transparency, still sealed to the glass, with the acetate backing now exposed, is coated with a solvent. The solvent must be one capable of dissolving the cellulose acetate but inert to the film emulsion, and many such compounds are well known in the art. Among the more effective is acetone which will readily dissolve the acetate but leave the emulsion unharmed. A product marketed under the trade name Methyl Cellosolve Acetate (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate) is also effective. It is understood that this compound is primarily a solution of ether. The choice of such compounds is well within the skill of the art, and when here and elsewhere in this specification and claims we use the term solvent, it is to be understood as meaning a solution capable of dissolving cellulose acetate but inert to the colour emul- $1011.
The solvent may be applied with a sponge, brush, or by merely flowing it over the now exposed acetate backmg.
After the backing has been softened by the action of the solvent, it will become tacky and gummy, and may readily be removed from the colour emulsion by scraping with a non-abrasive scraping edge (such as a rubber squeegee or a cardboard scraper) or rubbed off with solvent saturated swabs.
A clear transparent coating, similar to that initially used to coat the emulsion side, may now be applied to the emulsion thus exposed, and, the emulsion is isolated and ready for remounting. v
The use of the transparent coating initially protects the colour emulsion face against the action of sodium hypochlorite which might conceivably seep under the masking tape. Coating both sides of the emulsion renders the isolated emulsion waterrepellent and helps to overcome many of the disadvantages associated with the handling of wet emulsions.
Remounting of the .isolated emulsion is well within the scope of the competent workmen in the art, many bonding compositionsbeing well known for such purpose. A product manufactured and sold by the Eastman- Kodak Company known in the trade as stripping film cement will be found suitable for the purpose.
The emulsion may be mounted upon glass, or any other flat surface, but for engraving purposes, a glass backing will invariably be used.
The invention has been described in detail, and all the preferred steps and substances have been set forth. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to these precise details. Obvious variations still the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and such embodiments of the invention as come within the scope and purview of the appended claims are to be considered as part of this invention.
What We claim is:
1. A process for removing a colour emulsion from a film transparency consisting of a cellulose acetate backing having a colour emulsion insoluble in an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate bonded to one side and coated on the other side with a sodium hypochlorite soluble anti-halation coating which comprises (1) placing the emulsion side of the transparency against a flat surface and completely sealing the edges thereof to said flat surface;
(2) removing the anti-halation coating by selectively swabbing said coating with sodium hypochlorite; and
(3) removing the cellulose acetate backing by swabbing the exposed surface thereof with a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the color emulsion is coated with a clear waterproof coating before the transparency is sealed to said flat surface.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,954,337 Stand Apr. 10, 1934 2,059,884 Mannes et a1 Nov. 3, 1936 2,173,480 Jung Sept. 19', 1939 2,251,365 Miller Aug. 5, 1941 2,293,816 Glafkides Aug. 25, 1942 2,357,590 Jatfe Sept. 5, 1944 2,393,027 Duerr et a1. Jan. 15, 1946 2,448,861 Colt Sept. 7, 1948 2,575,970 Nagel Nov. 20, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 19,810 Great Britain 1893 523,058 Great Britain July 4, 1940 OTHER REFERENCES Ranger et al.: Fiat Final Report 721, The Agfacolor Negative-Positive Method for Professional Motion Pictures, January 30, 1946 (copy in
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR REMOVING A COLOUR EMULSION FROM A FILM TRANSPARENCY CONSISTING OF A CELLULOSE ACETATE BACKING HAVING A COLOUR EMULSION INSOLUBLE IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ACETONE AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE BONDED TO ONE SIDE AND COATED ON THE OTHER SIDE WITH A SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUBLE ANTI-HALATION COATING WHICH COMPRISES (1) PLACING THE EMULSION SIDE OF THE TRANSPARENCY AGAINST A FLAT SURFACE AND COMPLETELY SEALING THE EDGES THEREOF TO SAID FLAT SURFACE; (2) REMOVING THE ANTI-HALATION COATING BY SELECTIVELY SWABBING SAID COATING WITH SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE; AND (3) REMOVING THE CELLULOSE ACETATE BACKING BY SWABBING THE EXPOSED SURFACE THEREOF WITH A SOLVENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ACETONE AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US640611A US2992100A (en) | 1957-02-18 | 1957-02-18 | Method of separating colour emulsion from acetate back colour transparencies |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US640611A US2992100A (en) | 1957-02-18 | 1957-02-18 | Method of separating colour emulsion from acetate back colour transparencies |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2992100A true US2992100A (en) | 1961-07-11 |
Family
ID=24568958
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US640611A Expired - Lifetime US2992100A (en) | 1957-02-18 | 1957-02-18 | Method of separating colour emulsion from acetate back colour transparencies |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2992100A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3520682A (en) * | 1966-06-21 | 1970-07-14 | William Gross | Photographic mounting process and product |
| US5213943A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1993-05-25 | Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. | Lithographic aluminum offset printing plate made according to the DTR-process |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB189319810A (en) * | 1893-10-20 | 1894-09-08 | Alfred Allen Barratt | A New or Improved Process for Separating Photographic Gelatine Films from Celluloid Supports or Bases. |
| US1954337A (en) * | 1932-10-01 | 1934-04-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Superficial coating for photographic elements |
| US2059884A (en) * | 1932-09-21 | 1936-11-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Color photography |
| US2173480A (en) * | 1935-08-22 | 1939-09-19 | Agfa Ansco Corp | Manufacture of photographic materials |
| GB523058A (en) * | 1938-12-22 | 1940-07-04 | Kevin William Caton Webb | Improvements relating to photography |
| US2251365A (en) * | 1937-07-28 | 1941-08-05 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic sensitive material |
| US2293816A (en) * | 1938-07-27 | 1942-08-25 | Glafkides Pierre | Method of making color separation negatives |
| US2357590A (en) * | 1938-07-29 | 1944-09-05 | Chromogen Inc | Photographic layers and process of manufacture thereof |
| US2393027A (en) * | 1942-11-06 | 1946-01-15 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Multilayer reversal color film and a method of processing the same |
| US2448861A (en) * | 1945-08-23 | 1948-09-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Cellulose ester lithographic printing process |
| US2575970A (en) * | 1947-02-19 | 1951-11-20 | William J Nagel | Method of physically enlarging a photographic color transparency |
-
1957
- 1957-02-18 US US640611A patent/US2992100A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB189319810A (en) * | 1893-10-20 | 1894-09-08 | Alfred Allen Barratt | A New or Improved Process for Separating Photographic Gelatine Films from Celluloid Supports or Bases. |
| US2059884A (en) * | 1932-09-21 | 1936-11-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Color photography |
| US1954337A (en) * | 1932-10-01 | 1934-04-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Superficial coating for photographic elements |
| US2173480A (en) * | 1935-08-22 | 1939-09-19 | Agfa Ansco Corp | Manufacture of photographic materials |
| US2251365A (en) * | 1937-07-28 | 1941-08-05 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic sensitive material |
| US2293816A (en) * | 1938-07-27 | 1942-08-25 | Glafkides Pierre | Method of making color separation negatives |
| US2357590A (en) * | 1938-07-29 | 1944-09-05 | Chromogen Inc | Photographic layers and process of manufacture thereof |
| GB523058A (en) * | 1938-12-22 | 1940-07-04 | Kevin William Caton Webb | Improvements relating to photography |
| US2393027A (en) * | 1942-11-06 | 1946-01-15 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Multilayer reversal color film and a method of processing the same |
| US2448861A (en) * | 1945-08-23 | 1948-09-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Cellulose ester lithographic printing process |
| US2575970A (en) * | 1947-02-19 | 1951-11-20 | William J Nagel | Method of physically enlarging a photographic color transparency |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3520682A (en) * | 1966-06-21 | 1970-07-14 | William Gross | Photographic mounting process and product |
| US5213943A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1993-05-25 | Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. | Lithographic aluminum offset printing plate made according to the DTR-process |
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