US2943913A - Ferromagnetic material and process - Google Patents
Ferromagnetic material and process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2943913A US2943913A US684423A US68442357A US2943913A US 2943913 A US2943913 A US 2943913A US 684423 A US684423 A US 684423A US 68442357 A US68442357 A US 68442357A US 2943913 A US2943913 A US 2943913A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ferromagnetic material
- product
- hours
- ferromagnetic
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100030852 Run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710179516 Run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCMHZFHLWGFVCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ba].[Mn] Chemical compound [Ba].[Mn] WCMHZFHLWGFVCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
- C04B35/2608—Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead
- C04B35/2633—Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead containing barium, strontium or calcium
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new ferromagnetic material.
- Ferromagnetic materials might broadly be classified into two groups: those with low coercivities, and those with high coercivities. Materials of the former type are useful in transformers, magnetic amplifiers, memory cores, and microwave devices. The ferromagnetic materials with high coercivities are useful in permanent magnets.
- the ferromagnetic material of this invention possesses an exceptionally high intrinsic coercive force, and it is represented by the empirical formula BaMnFe O
- This material is prepared by heating for from about onehalf hour to two hours at temperatures between 600 C. and 1000 C. Fe O and BaMnO, in a mol ratio of 6:1, thus simultaneously forming a new combination of barium manganese, iron and oxygen with the evolution of /2 mol of oxygen.
- the product obtained from the heating is then cooled, pulverized and compacted under pressure into a unitary mass of desired shape by pressing or extruding. This mass is subjected to firing for from 2 to hours, at temperatures between 1000 C. and 1300 C.
- Example 15.766 g. of BaMnO, and 58.94 g. of Fe O were thoroughly mixed and then passed through a 60-mesh screen.
- the mixture was fired at 1000 C. in air for /1 of an hour in a platinum crucible. After cooling to room temperature in air, the mixture was ball milled with ethyl alcohol, dried, and passed through a ZOO-mesh screen.
- the powder was then hydrostatically pressed at 190,000 p.s.i. into a rod /2" in diameter by 1" in length. This rod was fired at 1150 C. for 4 hours in air, and then it was air quenched.
- the material thus produced was a compact rod which was useful as a magnet.
- the product thus prepared had a density of 5.11 g./cm. This figure was close to the theoretical value for the material.
- the rod was then tested for magnetic properties, using a Sanford-Bennett high field permeammeter from the Rubicon Company. The cylindrical rod was butted between the pole pieces of the permeammeter and subjected to the standard operation for obtaining the demagnetizing curve.
- the magnetic properties and resistivity were found to be as follows:
- the ferromagnetic ma- 11815131 BaMnFe O 2.
- a process for producing a ferromagnetic material which comprises heating at a temperature of about 600 C. to 1000 F. for about /2 hour to 2 hours a powdered mixture of Fe O and BaMnO, in a mol ratio of 6:1, cooling the product thus obtained, grinding the product to a powder, compacting the powder into a unitary mass, and heating said mass at a temperature ranging between 1000 C. and 1300 C. for from 2-5 hours, and recovering a ferromagnetic material.
- a process for producing a ferromagnetic material which comprises heating at a temperature of C. for /4 of an hour a powdered mixture of Fe O and BaMnO in a mol ratio of 6:1, cooling the product thus obtained, grinding the product to a powder, compacting the powder into a unitary mass, and heating said mass at a temperature of 1150 C. for 4 hours, and recovering a ferromagnetic material.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
United States Patent C) FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL AND PROCESS Lothar Heinrich Brixner, Wilmington, Del., assign'or to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, -Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Sept. 17, 1957, Ser. No. 684,423
4 Claims. (CI. 2358) This invention relates to a new ferromagnetic material.
Ferromagnetic materials might broadly be classified into two groups: those with low coercivities, and those with high coercivities. Materials of the former type are useful in transformers, magnetic amplifiers, memory cores, and microwave devices. The ferromagnetic materials with high coercivities are useful in permanent magnets.
The ferromagnetic material of this invention possesses an exceptionally high intrinsic coercive force, and it is represented by the empirical formula BaMnFe O This material is prepared by heating for from about onehalf hour to two hours at temperatures between 600 C. and 1000 C. Fe O and BaMnO, in a mol ratio of 6:1, thus simultaneously forming a new combination of barium manganese, iron and oxygen with the evolution of /2 mol of oxygen. The product obtained from the heating is then cooled, pulverized and compacted under pressure into a unitary mass of desired shape by pressing or extruding. This mass is subjected to firing for from 2 to hours, at temperatures between 1000 C. and 1300 C. In the practice of this invention, it is convenient and preferred to use commercially available reactants of the highest purity. X-ray analysis of the final product fails to indicate the presence of barium oxide, or any known manganese oxide, or other known manganese compounds. The material is crystalline and hexagonal in structure, and it shows pronounced magnetic anisotropy. The crystals are characterized by the following cell constants: a=5.88 A., c=23.02 A.
For a clearer understanding of the invention, the following specific example is given. This example is intended to be merely illustrative of the invention and not in limitation thereof. Unless otherwise specified, all parts are by weight.
Example 15.766 g. of BaMnO, and 58.94 g. of Fe O were thoroughly mixed and then passed through a 60-mesh screen. The mixture was fired at 1000 C. in air for /1 of an hour in a platinum crucible. After cooling to room temperature in air, the mixture Was ball milled with ethyl alcohol, dried, and passed through a ZOO-mesh screen. The powder was then hydrostatically pressed at 190,000 p.s.i. into a rod /2" in diameter by 1" in length. This rod was fired at 1150 C. for 4 hours in air, and then it was air quenched. The material thus produced was a compact rod which was useful as a magnet. The product thus prepared had a density of 5.11 g./cm. This figure was close to the theoretical value for the material. The rod was then tested for magnetic properties, using a Sanford-Bennett high field permeammeter from the Rubicon Company. The cylindrical rod was butted between the pole pieces of the permeammeter and subjected to the standard operation for obtaining the demagnetizing curve. The magnetic properties and resistivity were found to be as follows:
The high resistivity and high coercive force combined with high remanent magnetization make this new compound very valuable as a permanent magnetic material for use in such application as television yokes, refrigerator door latches, mechanical couplings, and electrical motors and generators.
Since it is obvious that many changes and modifications can be made in the above-described details without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to said details except as set forth in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. As a composition of matter, the ferromagnetic ma- 11815131 BaMnFe O 2. As a composition of matter, the ferromagnetic material BaMnFe O with an intrinsic coercive force of about 3350 oersteds, remanence of 1425 gauss, a saturation magnetization of about 1580 gauss, and a resistivity of greater than 10 ohm-cm.
3. A process for producing a ferromagnetic material which comprises heating at a temperature of about 600 C. to 1000 F. for about /2 hour to 2 hours a powdered mixture of Fe O and BaMnO, in a mol ratio of 6:1, cooling the product thus obtained, grinding the product to a powder, compacting the powder into a unitary mass, and heating said mass at a temperature ranging between 1000 C. and 1300 C. for from 2-5 hours, and recovering a ferromagnetic material.
4. A process for producing a ferromagnetic material which comprises heating at a temperature of C. for /4 of an hour a powdered mixture of Fe O and BaMnO in a mol ratio of 6:1, cooling the product thus obtained, grinding the product to a powder, compacting the powder into a unitary mass, and heating said mass at a temperature of 1150 C. for 4 hours, and recovering a ferromagnetic material.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Erchak et al.: American Chemical Society Journal, vol. 68 (1945), pp. 2082-2093.
Ionker et al.: Physica XIX (1953), pp. -130.
Gorter: Proceedings of the I.R.E., vol. 43, No. 12 (1955), pp. 1945-73.
Claims (1)
1. AS A COMPOSITION OF MATTER, THE FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL BAMNFE12O21.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US684423A US2943913A (en) | 1957-09-17 | 1957-09-17 | Ferromagnetic material and process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US684423A US2943913A (en) | 1957-09-17 | 1957-09-17 | Ferromagnetic material and process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2943913A true US2943913A (en) | 1960-07-05 |
Family
ID=24747996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US684423A Expired - Lifetime US2943913A (en) | 1957-09-17 | 1957-09-17 | Ferromagnetic material and process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2943913A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3509057A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | 1970-04-28 | Herbert Hans Greger | Method for thermal synthesis of polyoxide compounds |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE524097A (en) * | ||||
| US2576456A (en) * | 1946-12-31 | 1951-11-27 | Rca Corp | Materials of high magnetic permeability |
| US2579978A (en) * | 1946-03-27 | 1951-12-25 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Soft ferromagnetic material and method of making same |
| US2677663A (en) * | 1949-02-05 | 1954-05-04 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Manganite composition |
| US2847101A (en) * | 1951-11-10 | 1958-08-12 | Basf Ag | Overload releasing magnetic powder-clutch |
-
1957
- 1957-09-17 US US684423A patent/US2943913A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE524097A (en) * | ||||
| US2579978A (en) * | 1946-03-27 | 1951-12-25 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Soft ferromagnetic material and method of making same |
| US2576456A (en) * | 1946-12-31 | 1951-11-27 | Rca Corp | Materials of high magnetic permeability |
| US2677663A (en) * | 1949-02-05 | 1954-05-04 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Manganite composition |
| US2847101A (en) * | 1951-11-10 | 1958-08-12 | Basf Ag | Overload releasing magnetic powder-clutch |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3509057A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | 1970-04-28 | Herbert Hans Greger | Method for thermal synthesis of polyoxide compounds |
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