[go: up one dir, main page]

US2832899A - Electric trigger circuits - Google Patents

Electric trigger circuits Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2832899A
US2832899A US495993A US49599355A US2832899A US 2832899 A US2832899 A US 2832899A US 495993 A US495993 A US 495993A US 49599355 A US49599355 A US 49599355A US 2832899 A US2832899 A US 2832899A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
potential
condition
electrode
emitter
crystal triode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US495993A
Inventor
Brewster Arthur Edward
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Standard Electric Corp
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB25326/52A external-priority patent/GB730892A/en
Priority claimed from GB32603/52A external-priority patent/GB730061A/en
Priority claimed from GB3361853A external-priority patent/GB763734A/en
Priority claimed from GB10034/54A external-priority patent/GB740056A/en
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2832899A publication Critical patent/US2832899A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
    • G06F7/50—Adding; Subtracting
    • G06F7/504—Adding; Subtracting in bit-serial fashion, i.e. having a single digit-handling circuit treating all denominations after each other
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/383—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using magnetic or similar elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
    • G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
    • G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
    • G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
    • G11C11/41—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming static cells with positive feedback, i.e. cells not needing refreshing or charge regeneration, e.g. bistable multivibrator or Schmitt trigger
    • G11C11/411—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming static cells with positive feedback, i.e. cells not needing refreshing or charge regeneration, e.g. bistable multivibrator or Schmitt trigger using bipolar transistors only
    • G11C11/4113—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming static cells with positive feedback, i.e. cells not needing refreshing or charge regeneration, e.g. bistable multivibrator or Schmitt trigger using bipolar transistors only with at least one cell access to base or collector of at least one of said transistors, e.g. via access diodes, access transistors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C19/00—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
    • G11C19/28—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using semiconductor elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B19/00—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source
    • H03B19/06—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes
    • H03B19/14—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes by means of a semiconductor device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/64—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors having inductive loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/02—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components
    • H03K19/08—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components using semiconductor devices
    • H03K19/082—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components using semiconductor devices using bipolar transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K23/00—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains
    • H03K23/002—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains using semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
    • H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
    • H03K3/286—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator bistable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/30—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/20—Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
    • H04L25/24—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
    • H04Q1/30—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents
    • H04Q1/32—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using trains of DC pulses
    • H04Q1/36—Pulse-correcting arrangements, e.g. for reducing effects due to interference
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F2207/38—Indexing scheme relating to groups G06F7/38 - G06F7/575
    • G06F2207/48—Indexing scheme relating to groups G06F7/48 - G06F7/575
    • G06F2207/4802—Special implementations
    • G06F2207/4806—Cascode or current mode logic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric trigger circuits such as are used, for example, in electric counting arrangements, and for many other analogous purposes.
  • Such a trigger circuit frequently consists of a device such as a thermionic valve or gas-filled tube arranged to be capable of assuming two difierent current or voltage conditions, with means for triggering or switching the device from one condition to the other.
  • Some trigger circuits are only stable in one condition, and revert automatically to that condition after having been triggered.
  • Crystal triodes Semi-conductor amplifying devices known as crystal triodes have been developed in recent years, and have proved to be particularly suitable for use in trigger circuits, and it has been the usual practice hitherto to apply triggering pulses to the emitter or base electrode for triggering the device from one condition to the other. ever, owing to the very low impedance presented to the triggering pulses by the emitter or base electrode circuits of a crystal triode when in the on or high-current condition, difliculties are sometimes experienced when it is desired to select or gate the triggering pulses, so that only certain desired pulses will have any effect.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide an improved crystal triode trigger circuit which is easily arranged to respond only to certain selected triggering pulses.
  • an electric two-condition trigger circuit comprising a crystal triode having emitter, collector and base electrodes, and associated circuit components so disposed that said crystal triode can assume either a high-current or a low- How- United States Patent accompanying drawing, in which:
  • a first load resistor a second directcurrentsource for polarising said collector electrode negatively to said base electrode, the two sources having a common terminal connected to said base electrode through a first rectifier so directed as to present a low resistance to a current flowing from said base electrode to said common terminal, a second load resistor connecting said base electrode to the first source, a second rectifier connected between said emitter electrode and a delay network consisting of a capacitor shunted by a third resistor, the end of said network remote from said second rectifier being connected to said second source and said second rectifier being so directed as to present a low resistance to a curemitter or base electrode with such sign as to switch the crystal triode to the off condition, the time constant of said delay circuit being greater than the time constant corresponding to the change of potential'of the leading edge of said pulse, and means for applying a control potential in such manner as to block said second rectifier for the purpose of effectively disconnecting said delay circuit from said emitter electrode, thereby preventingthe crystal triode from being switched off by said pulse.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit ment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows graphs used to explain the operation of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of the invention.
  • the two-condition trigger circuit shown in Fig. 1 comprises a crystal triode 1 having an emitter electrode 2, a collector electrode 3, and a base electrode 4, and it will diagram of an embodibe assumed that it employs an N-t'ype semiconductor.
  • I lector electrode 3 is connected through a reistor 7 to the negative terminal of a direct current source 8;
  • the negative terminal of source 6, and the positive terminal of current condition means for applying a control potential to said trigger circuit to switch said crystal triode from a low-current condition to a high-current condition, means for applying further control potential to said trigger circuit to switch said crystal triode from a high-current condition to a low-current condition, and further means for applying a control potential to said trigger circuit to prevent said crystal triode from being switched from a highcurrent condition to a low-current condition when said further potential is applied.
  • an electric two-condition trigger circuit comprising two crystal triodes and associated circuit components coupled together in such a manner that each said crystal triode can assume either a high-current or a low-current condition and when either one of said crystal triodes assumes a high-current (or low-current) condition the other emitter electrode positively to said base electrode through source 3, are connected to ground, and these sources may, for example, provide operating potentials of 150 and 15 volts respectively.
  • the base electrode 4 is connected to the positive terminal of the source 6 through a resistor 9,
  • the rectifier 11 is directed so that it will be blocked when the emitter electrode has a negative potential greater than that of the source 12.
  • the emitter electrode 2 is further connected to the negative terminal of source 8 through a rectifier 13 and a reactive circuit oonsisting of a capacitor 14 and resistor 15 in parallel.
  • a conductor 16, to which control potentials may be applied, is connected through a rectifier 17 to the junction point of elements 13, 14 and 15.
  • Rectifiers 13 and 17 are directed in the same way as rectifier 11.
  • An input conductor 18, to which triggering pulses may be applied, is connected to the collector electrode 3.
  • a second input conductor 19 for triggering pulses is connected through a rectifier 20 to the base electrode 4, Rectifier 20 is directed so that it will pass negative pulses to the base electrode.
  • An output conductor 21 is connected to the emitter electrode.
  • the crystal triode 1 should be of the type having a The emitter current .gain greater than 1. Let it be first assumed that the crystal triode is in the off or blocked condition. The emitter current is substantially zero, so that the potential of the emitter electrode 2 will be held at the negative potential of the source '12 on account of 'the unblocking of the rectifier 11 by the currentfrorn source 6 through the resistor 5. The collector current will also be substantially zero, and the base electrode 4 will be held at ground potential owing to the unblocking of the rectifier 10'by the current from source 6 through the resistor 9.
  • the rectifier'13 will be just unblocked when the crystal triode is o because the emitter potential is more positive than the source 8; and the capacitor 14 will be charged substantially to this potential difference.
  • the rectifier 13 will block because the capacitor 14 will not have had time to discharge appreciably through the resistor 15, so the elements 14 and 15 can have substantially no effect on the triggering of the crystal triode from off to on.
  • the capacitor 14 discharges through the resistor 15, and the rectifier 13 will be unblocked again.
  • the elements 14 and 15 are, however, essential for controlling the triggering'in the opposite direction from on to off as will nowbe explained.
  • the crystal triode is triggered off by applying a'posi- 'tive pulse to the collector electrode 3 over conductor 18.
  • This "pulse should be of sufficient amplitude to raise the potential of the collector electrode a little above ground potential. This will cut off the collector current and, because of the reduction in the potential drop through resistor 9, the potential of the base electrode will be raised quickly to ground potential where it will be held by the rectifier 10.
  • the triggering pulse is supposed to begin to be applied Col t at zero time, and curve A represents the resulting change of potential of the base electrode, and also substantially represents the leading edge of the triggering pulse.
  • Curve A Will usually be of logarithmic form, with an equivalent time-constant T; which will generally be very small.
  • the dotted curve B represents the trailing edge of the triggering pulse, which will generally have a rather larger equivalent time constant.
  • Curve C shows the logarithmic change of potential of the emitter electrode 2, the time constant of which is T which is greater than T Curves A and C start at V at zero time, V being slightly less than the potential of the source 8 (Fig. 1).
  • Curve A rises to zero potential and then follows the time axis, on account'of the rectifier 10.
  • Curve B rises to a potential -V which is determined by the source 12, and then follows a line parallel to the time axis. It will be seen that so long as curve C is always below curve A, the crystal triode will be in the off condition because the emitter electrode will then always be negative to the base electrode.
  • the crystal triode When the triggering pulse has disappeared, the crystal triode is left in the or condition with the base electrode held at zero potential and the emitter electrode held at 'V If the circuit 14, 15 (Fig. '1) were disconnected, the emitter potential would substantially follow the leading edge of the pulse and the crystal triode would not be cut off, and would be left in the on condition after the disappearance of the pulse.
  • one or more additional control conductors may be connected through rectifiers (also not shown) corresponding to 17, and a control potential applied to any one of these additional conductors will prevent the triggering of the crystal triode.
  • the crystal triode When the crystal triode has been triggered ofi it can be switched on again by a negative pulse applied over conductor 19. In this case the emitter current will be reestablished as soon as the base potential falls below V and the potential of all the electrodes then falls to -V In the absence of a control potential on conductor 16, the capacitor 14 can now discharge through the resistor 15, and when it is fully discharged, the circuit may be triggered off again, as before.
  • the base electrode 4 presents a high impedance to nega tive pulses applied over conductor 19 until the crystal triode is actually switched. It is therefore quite satisfactory to supply the negative pulses to conductor 19 through a conventional simple gating circuit (not shown) employing rectifiers, if it is desired to select certain of them for triggering the crystal triode on.
  • the changes of the emitter potential which occur when the crystal triode is switched from on to o or from off to on are applied to the output conductor 21 and can be used for some desired operation, Alternatively,
  • the output could be taken from the base electrode or from the collector electrode.
  • Fig. 3 shows a pair of trigger circuits similar to Fig. 1 interconnected to form a double stable multivibrator or flip-flop circuit arranged to be triggered by pulses from one condition to the other, either Way. It comprises two crystal triodes 1A and 13 each of which is provided with circuit elements corresponding to those of Fig. 1, such elements being designated by the same numerals as in Fig. 1, but with the letter A or B added. There are no elements corresponding to 7, 11, 12, 18 or 21 of Fig. l. The rectifiers 20A and 20B correspond to rectifier 20 but are oppositely directed. There are some additional elements which do not correspond to anything in Fig. 1.
  • a single resistor 22 is inserted between the junction point of the resistors A and 5B and the positive terminal of the source 6, and a polar relay 23 has its two equal windings connected respectively between the collector electrodes 3A and 3B and the negative terminal of the source 8. These windings are also respectively shunted by two rectifiers 24A and 24B directed so that the collector electrodes cannot acquire a negative potential greater than that of the source 8.
  • the windings of the relay 23 are so connected to the collector electrodes that the moving contact will be operated to the position shown when the crystal triode 1A is on, and to the opposite position when crystal triode 1B is on.
  • This'relay is provided as aconvenient means for utilising the operations of the circuit, and its contacts may be connected to some other circuit or device (not shown) in any desired manner.
  • the rectifiers A and 20B are connected through a resistor 25 to the negative terminal of the source 8, and the triggering conductor 19 (only one is required) is connected to the rectifiers through a blocking capacitor 26.
  • the crystal triode 1A is on and that 113 is ott.
  • the electrodes 2A, 3A and 4A will all be at potentials near V (about l5 volts), and there arrives over conductor 19. It can have no effect on the crystal triode 1B because the base electrode is held at ground potential by the rectifier 103 thus blocking rectifier 2913, the other terminal of which is polarised at about V through resistor 25. Rectifier 20A will, however,
  • the pulse will trigger the crystal triode 1A 0 as a result of the action of the elements 14A, 15A for the reasons already explained with reference to Fig. 1. Since the emitter current is cut off, the potential of the junction point of elements 5A, 5B and 22 suddenly becomes positive and causes the potential of the emitter electrode 2B to rise until the crystal triode 13 becomes unblocked and is accordingly switched on. The rise of the potential of the emitter electrode 2B will,
  • relay 23 has been shown only to give one example of the means whereby the reversal of the circuit may be caused to carry out some operation; and since changes occur in the potentials of all the electrodes when either crystal triode is switched on or off, output can be taken in some suitable way (not shown) from any of the electrodes.
  • crystal triodes employed in the embodiments which have been described are of the type requiring the emitter and collector electrodes to be polarised positively, and negatively, respectively, to the base electrode when operating as an amplifier.
  • the opposite kind of crystal triodes could alternatively be used, in which case the current sources and rectifiers should all be reversed, and triggering pulses of the opposite sign to those specified above should be used.
  • An electric two condition trigger circuit comprising a crystal triode having emitter, collector and base electrodes, and associated circuit components so disposed that said crystal triode can assume either a high-current or a low-current condition, a first input conductor, means connecting said first input conductor to said base electrode, means including a diode rectifier for applying a control pulse to said first input conductor to switch said crystal triode from a low-current condition to a high-current condition, a second input conductor, means connecting said second input conductor to said collector electrode, means for applying further control potential to said second input conductor to switch said crystal triode from a high-current condition to a low-current condition, a third input conductor, means connecting said third input conductor to said emitter electrode and further means for applying a control potential to said third input conductor to prevent said crystal triode from being switched from a highcurrent condition to a low-current condition when said further potential is applied.
  • An electric two-condition trigger circuit comprising a crystal triode having emitter, collector and base electrodes, a first direct current source for polarising said emitter electrode positively to said base electrode through a first load resistor, a second direct current source for polarising said collector electrode negatively to said base electrode, the two sources having a common terminal connected to said base electrode through a first rectifier so directed as to present a low resistance to a current flowing from said base electrode to said common terminal, a second load resistor connecting said base electrode to the first source, a second rectifier connected between said emitter electrode and a delay network consaid emitter withsuch sign as "tosw'itch the crystal trio'de to the off condition, the time constant of said delay circuit being greater than fth'e' time constant corresponding t'othe change of potential "of the leading edge of said pulse, and means for applying a control potential in such manner as to block said second rectifier'for the purpose of effectively disconnecting said delay circuit from said emitter electrode, thereby preventing the crystal triode frombeing switched off by said pulse
  • A'trigger circuit according to claim 2 comprising means for applying a negative restoring pulse to the base electrode for'switching the crystal triode back-to the on condition.
  • a trigger circuit'according to claim 2 comprising a third direct current source of potential less than said second sourceand having its positive terminal connected to said common terminal'and its negative terminal connected to the emitter electrode "through a third rectifier so connected as to prevent the potential of the emitter electrode from rising above that of the third source.
  • a trigger circuit comprising means for deriving an output signal from the emitter electrode in response to the switching of said crystal 'triodeby said trigger or restoring pulse.
  • An electric two-condition flip-flop circuit comprising two trigger circuits according to claim 2 which share in common the said -firstand second direct current sources, in which the said first load resistors of the two trigger circuits are connected to the first direct current source through a fifth resistor through which the emitter currents of both crystal triodes flow, whereby the two trigger circuits arecoupled in such manner that when one crystal tried: is switched otf, the other is switched on, and in changed by a trigger pulse.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Devices For Supply Of Signal Current (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Manipulation Of Pulses (AREA)

Description

Filed March 22, 1955 F/Gl.
Inventor A. E. BREWSTER A Horn e y ELECTRIC TRIGGER CIRCUITS Arthur Edward Brewster, London, England, assignor to International Standard Electric Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application March 22, 1955, Serial No. 495,993
Claims priority, application Great Britain April 6, 1954 7 Claims. (Cl. 367-885) The present invention relates to electric trigger circuits such as are used, for example, in electric counting arrangements, and for many other analogous purposes.
Such a trigger circuit frequently consists of a device such as a thermionic valve or gas-filled tube arranged to be capable of assuming two difierent current or voltage conditions, with means for triggering or switching the device from one condition to the other. Some trigger circuits are only stable in one condition, and revert automatically to that condition after having been triggered.
Semi-conductor amplifying devices known as crystal triodes have been developed in recent years, and have proved to be particularly suitable for use in trigger circuits, and it has been the usual practice hitherto to apply triggering pulses to the emitter or base electrode for triggering the device from one condition to the other. ever, owing to the very low impedance presented to the triggering pulses by the emitter or base electrode circuits of a crystal triode when in the on or high-current condition, difliculties are sometimes experienced when it is desired to select or gate the triggering pulses, so that only certain desired pulses will have any effect.
The principal object of the invention, therefore, is to provide an improved crystal triode trigger circuit which is easily arranged to respond only to certain selected triggering pulses.
According to the present invention there is provided an electric two-condition trigger circuit comprising a crystal triode having emitter, collector and base electrodes, and associated circuit components so disposed that said crystal triode can assume either a high-current or a low- How- United States Patent accompanying drawing, in which:
a first load resistor, a second directcurrentsource for polarising said collector electrode negatively to said base electrode, the two sources having a common terminal connected to said base electrode through a first rectifier so directed as to present a low resistance to a current flowing from said base electrode to said common terminal, a second load resistor connecting said base electrode to the first source, a second rectifier connected between said emitter electrode and a delay network consisting of a capacitor shunted by a third resistor, the end of said network remote from said second rectifier being connected to said second source and said second rectifier being so directed as to present a low resistance to a curemitter or base electrode with such sign as to switch the crystal triode to the off condition, the time constant of said delay circuit being greater than the time constant corresponding to the change of potential'of the leading edge of said pulse, and means for applying a control potential in such manner as to block said second rectifier for the purpose of effectively disconnecting said delay circuit from said emitter electrode, thereby preventingthe crystal triode from being switched off by said pulse.
The invention will be described with reference to the Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit ment of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows graphs used to explain the operation of Fig. 1; and
Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of the invention.
The two-condition trigger circuit shown in Fig. 1 comprises a crystal triode 1 having an emitter electrode 2, a collector electrode 3, and a base electrode 4, and it will diagram of an embodibe assumed that it employs an N-t'ype semiconductor.
I lector electrode 3 is connected through a reistor 7 to the negative terminal of a direct current source 8; The negative terminal of source 6, and the positive terminal of current condition, means for applying a control potential to said trigger circuit to switch said crystal triode from a low-current condition to a high-current condition, means for applying further control potential to said trigger circuit to switch said crystal triode from a high-current condition to a low-current condition, and further means for applying a control potential to said trigger circuit to prevent said crystal triode from being switched from a highcurrent condition to a low-current condition when said further potential is applied.
According to the present invention there is further provided an electric two-condition trigger circuit comprising two crystal triodes and associated circuit components coupled together in such a manner that each said crystal triode can assume either a high-current or a low-current condition and when either one of said crystal triodes assumes a high-current (or low-current) condition the other emitter electrode positively to said base electrode through source 3, are connected to ground, and these sources may, for example, provide operating potentials of 150 and 15 volts respectively. The base electrode 4 is connected to the positive terminal of the source 6 through a resistor 9,
, 11 to the negative terminal of a grounded direct current source 12 supplying a small potential of the order of 3 volts, for example. The rectifier 11 is directed so that it will be blocked when the emitter electrode has a negative potential greater than that of the source 12. The emitter electrode 2 is further connected to the negative terminal of source 8 through a rectifier 13 and a reactive circuit oonsisting of a capacitor 14 and resistor 15 in parallel. A conductor 16, to which control potentials may be applied, is connected through a rectifier 17 to the junction point of elements 13, 14 and 15. Rectifiers 13 and 17 are directed in the same way as rectifier 11. An input conductor 18, to which triggering pulses may be applied, is connected to the collector electrode 3. A second input conductor 19 for triggering pulses is connected through a rectifier 20 to the base electrode 4, Rectifier 20 is directed so that it will pass negative pulses to the base electrode. An output conductor 21 is connected to the emitter electrode.
The crystal triode 1 should be of the type having a The emitter current .gain greater than 1. Let it be first assumed that the crystal triode is in the off or blocked condition. The emitter current is substantially zero, so that the potential of the emitter electrode 2 will be held at the negative potential of the source '12 on account of 'the unblocking of the rectifier 11 by the currentfrorn source 6 through the resistor 5. The collector current willalso be substantially zero, and the base electrode 4 will be held at ground potential owing to the unblocking of the rectifier 10'by the current from source 6 through the resistor 9. If now a short negative triggering pulse, of amplitude exceeding the potential of'the source 12, be applied to the base electrode '4 over conductor 19 and rectifier 20, the emitter contact is unblocked, and emitter current starts to'flow. This turns on some collector current which flows from source 6 through resistor 9 and the base electrode 4. and through the collector contact and resistor 7 to the source 8. t The. potential drop 'in the resistor 9 causes the potential of the base electrode 4 to fall, thereby increasing the emitter current which in turn increases the collector current still further, and the potential of the emitter electrode 2 also starts to fall owing to the increased potential drop in the resistor 5.'
This effect is cumulative, and the base and emitter potentials continue to fall rapidly owing to the continually increasing potential drops in resistors and 9, until the three electrodes 2, 3 and 4 finally settle downat potentials not differing very much from that of source 8, if the resistor 7 is not very large (say a few hunderd ohms). Thus the crystal triode quickly assumes the on condition. It will be understood, however, that in this fully on condition, the emitter electrode 2 will be slightly positive to the base electrode 4, which will be slightly positive to the collector electrode 3. As soon as the potentials of the emitter and base electrodes 2 and 4 begin to fall immediately after triggering, boththe rectifiers 11 and will be blocked and willremain so while the crystal triode is in the on condition.
Assuming that no potential is applied to the conductor 16, the rectifier'13 will be just unblocked when the crystal triode is o because the emitter potential is more positive than the source 8; and the capacitor 14 will be charged substantially to this potential difference. As soon as the potential of the emitter electrode begins to fall after the triggering pulse is applied to the base 'electrode 4, the rectifier 13 will block because the capacitor 14 will not have had time to discharge appreciably through the resistor 15, so the elements 14 and 15 can have substantially no effect on the triggering of the crystal triode from off to on. When the crystal triode has finally assumed the on condition, the capacitor 14 discharges through the resistor 15, and the rectifier 13 will be unblocked again. The elements 14 and 15 are, however, essential for controlling the triggering'in the opposite direction from on to off as will nowbe explained.
The crystal triode is triggered off by applying a'posi- 'tive pulse to the collector electrode 3 over conductor 18. This "pulse should be of sufficient amplitude to raise the potential of the collector electrode a little above ground potential. This will cut off the collector current and, because of the reduction in the potential drop through resistor 9, the potential of the base electrode will be raised quickly to ground potential where it will be held by the rectifier 10. At the same time, because the emitter current is also cut off, the potential of the emitter electrode will be drawn towards ground potential, but the potential rise will be retarded by the charging of the capacitor 14 through the resistor 5 and unblocked rectifier 13, so that this potential rise will lag behind the potential rise of the leading edge of the triggering pulse, assuming that no control potential is applied to conductor 16 This effeet will be understood from Fig. 2 in which the abscissae represent times and the ordinates represent voltages.
The triggering pulse is supposed to begin to be applied Col t at zero time, and curve A represents the resulting change of potential of the base electrode, and also substantially represents the leading edge of the triggering pulse. Curve A Will usually be of logarithmic form, with an equivalent time-constant T; which will generally be very small.
The dotted curve B represents the trailing edge of the triggering pulse, which will generally have a rather larger equivalent time constant. Curve C shows the logarithmic change of potential of the emitter electrode 2, the time constant of which is T which is greater than T Curves A and C start at V at zero time, V being slightly less than the potential of the source 8 (Fig. 1). Curve A rises to zero potential and then follows the time axis, on account'of the rectifier 10. Curve B rises to a potential -V which is determined by the source 12, and then follows a line parallel to the time axis. It will be seen that so long as curve C is always below curve A, the crystal triode will be in the off condition because the emitter electrode will then always be negative to the base electrode. When the triggering pulse has disappeared, the crystal triode is left in the or condition with the base electrode held at zero potential and the emitter electrode held at 'V If the circuit 14, 15 (Fig. '1) were disconnected, the emitter potential would substantially follow the leading edge of the pulse and the crystal triode would not be cut off, and would be left in the on condition after the disappearance of the pulse.
Thus if it is desired to prevent the crystal triode from being triggered off by one or more of the pulses arriving over conductor 18, a zero or small positive control potential is applied to conductor 16. This causes rectifier 17 to conduct and so blocks the rectifier 13, thus effectively disconnecting the elements 14, 15 from the emitter electrode 2. The potential of the emitter electrode can now rise as quickly as the leading edge of the triggering pulse (curve A, Fig. 2) and the crystal triode is thus prevented from being switched ofl by any triggering pulse which arrives during the period when the control potential is applied to conductor 16.
Evidently one or more additional control conductors (not shown) may be connected through rectifiers (also not shown) corresponding to 17, and a control potential applied to any one of these additional conductors will prevent the triggering of the crystal triode.
When the crystal triode has been triggered ofi it can be switched on again by a negative pulse applied over conductor 19. In this case the emitter current will be reestablished as soon as the base potential falls below V and the potential of all the electrodes then falls to -V In the absence of a control potential on conductor 16, the capacitor 14 can now discharge through the resistor 15, and when it is fully discharged, the circuit may be triggered off again, as before.
It will be noted that when the crystal triode 1 is 011?, the base electrode 4 presents a high impedance to nega tive pulses applied over conductor 19 until the crystal triode is actually switched. It is therefore quite satisfactory to supply the negative pulses to conductor 19 through a conventional simple gating circuit (not shown) employing rectifiers, if it is desired to select certain of them for triggering the crystal triode on.
It should be pointed out that if the rectifier 20 be reversed, it is possible to apply positive triggering pulses over conductor 19 to switch the crystal triode from on to off. Since in the on condition the base electrode presents a low impedance to the positive pulses, it is not very satisfactory to supply them through a gating circuit, but the triggering pulses can be selected by means of a control potential supplied over conductor 16 as already described.
The changes of the emitter potential which occur when the crystal triode is switched from on to o or from off to on are applied to the output conductor 21 and can be used for some desired operation, Alternatively,
the output could be taken from the base electrode or from the collector electrode.
Fig. 3 shows a pair of trigger circuits similar to Fig. 1 interconnected to form a double stable multivibrator or flip-flop circuit arranged to be triggered by pulses from one condition to the other, either Way. It comprises two crystal triodes 1A and 13 each of which is provided with circuit elements corresponding to those of Fig. 1, such elements being designated by the same numerals as in Fig. 1, but with the letter A or B added. There are no elements corresponding to 7, 11, 12, 18 or 21 of Fig. l. The rectifiers 20A and 20B correspond to rectifier 20 but are oppositely directed. There are some additional elements which do not correspond to anything in Fig. 1. A single resistor 22 is inserted between the junction point of the resistors A and 5B and the positive terminal of the source 6, and a polar relay 23 has its two equal windings connected respectively between the collector electrodes 3A and 3B and the negative terminal of the source 8. These windings are also respectively shunted by two rectifiers 24A and 24B directed so that the collector electrodes cannot acquire a negative potential greater than that of the source 8. The windings of the relay 23 are so connected to the collector electrodes that the moving contact will be operated to the position shown when the crystal triode 1A is on, and to the opposite position when crystal triode 1B is on. This'relay is provided as aconvenient means for utilising the operations of the circuit, and its contacts may be connected to some other circuit or device (not shown) in any desired manner.
The rectifiers A and 20B are connected through a resistor 25 to the negative terminal of the source 8, and the triggering conductor 19 (only one is required) is connected to the rectifiers through a blocking capacitor 26.
Let it be assumed that the crystal triode 1A is on and that 113 is ott. As already explained with reference to Fig. 1, the electrodes 2A, 3A and 4A will all be at potentials near V (about l5 volts), and there arrives over conductor 19. It can have no effect on the crystal triode 1B because the base electrode is held at ground potential by the rectifier 103 thus blocking rectifier 2913, the other terminal of which is polarised at about V through resistor 25. Rectifier 20A will, however,
be unblocked and so the pulse will trigger the crystal triode 1A 0 as a result of the action of the elements 14A, 15A for the reasons already explained with reference to Fig. 1. Since the emitter current is cut off, the potential of the junction point of elements 5A, 5B and 22 suddenly becomes positive and causes the potential of the emitter electrode 2B to rise until the crystal triode 13 becomes unblocked and is accordingly switched on. The rise of the potential of the emitter electrode 2B will,
of course, be delayed by the elements 143 and 15B since the rectifier 1313 will be unblocked. When the crystal triode 1B is unblocked, the potentials of all its electrodes will fall practically to V as already explained. The emitter electrode 2A of crystal triode 1A (which is o will now be at a potential of V Thus the condition of the circuit has been reversed by the triggering pulse, and the relay 23 will be changed over.
If now another positive triggering pulse be applied over conductor 19, the circuit will be triggered back again to the original condition in which crystal triode 1A is on and 1B is o Every successive triggering or 13 off, and thus from reversing the condition of the circuit by applying a positive or zero control potential to conductor 16A or 16B, respectively.
It will be understood that the relay 23 has been shown only to give one example of the means whereby the reversal of the circuit may be caused to carry out some operation; and since changes occur in the potentials of all the electrodes when either crystal triode is switched on or off, output can be taken in some suitable way (not shown) from any of the electrodes.
It has been assumed above that the. crystal triodes employed in the embodiments which have been described are of the type requiring the emitter and collector electrodes to be polarised positively, and negatively, respectively, to the base electrode when operating as an amplifier. The opposite kind of crystal triodes could alternatively be used, in which case the current sources and rectifiers should all be reversed, and triggering pulses of the opposite sign to those specified above should be used.
While the principles of the invention have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, and particular modifications thereof, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the scope of the invention.
What I claim is:
1. An electric two condition trigger circuit comprising a crystal triode having emitter, collector and base electrodes, and associated circuit components so disposed that said crystal triode can assume either a high-current or a low-current condition, a first input conductor, means connecting said first input conductor to said base electrode, means including a diode rectifier for applying a control pulse to said first input conductor to switch said crystal triode from a low-current condition to a high-current condition, a second input conductor, means connecting said second input conductor to said collector electrode, means for applying further control potential to said second input conductor to switch said crystal triode from a high-current condition to a low-current condition, a third input conductor, means connecting said third input conductor to said emitter electrode and further means for applying a control potential to said third input conductor to prevent said crystal triode from being switched from a highcurrent condition to a low-current condition when said further potential is applied.
2. An electric two-condition trigger circuit comprising a crystal triode having emitter, collector and base electrodes, a first direct current source for polarising said emitter electrode positively to said base electrode through a first load resistor, a second direct current source for polarising said collector electrode negatively to said base electrode, the two sources having a common terminal connected to said base electrode through a first rectifier so directed as to present a low resistance to a current flowing from said base electrode to said common terminal, a second load resistor connecting said base electrode to the first source, a second rectifier connected between said emitter electrode and a delay network consaid emitter withsuch sign as "tosw'itch the crystal trio'de to the off condition, the time constant of said delay circuit being greater than fth'e' time constant corresponding t'othe change of potential "of the leading edge of said pulse, and means for applying a control potential in such manner as to block said second rectifier'for the purpose of effectively disconnecting said delay circuit from said emitter electrode, thereby preventing the crystal triode frombeing switched off by said pulse.
3. A'trigger circuit according to claim 2 comprising means for applying a negative restoring pulse to the base electrode for'switching the crystal triode back-to the on condition.
4. A trigger circuit'according to claim 2 comprising a third direct current source of potential less than said second sourceand having its positive terminal connected to said common terminal'and its negative terminal connected to the emitter electrode "through a third rectifier so connected as to prevent the potential of the emitter electrode from rising above that of the third source.
5. A trigger circuit according to claim 2, comprising means for deriving an output signal from the emitter electrode in response to the switching of said crystal 'triodeby said trigger or restoring pulse.
6. A trigger circuit as claimed in claim 4 and wherein a fourth resistor is inserted between said collector electrode and said second source and means are provided for 8 applying a positive triggering pulse to said collector electrode to switch said crystal triode to its on condition.
7. An electric two-condition flip-flop circuit comprising two trigger circuits according to claim 2 which share in common the said -firstand second direct current sources, in which the said first load resistors of the two trigger circuits are connected to the first direct current source through a fifth resistor through which the emitter currents of both crystal triodes flow, whereby the two trigger circuits arecoupled in such manner that when one crystal tried: is switched otf, the other is switched on, and in changed by a trigger pulse.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,476,323 Rack July 19, 1949 2,538,515 Hanchett Jan. 16, 1951 2,622,211 Trent Dec. 16, 1952 2,714,705 Volz Aug. 2, 1955
US495993A 1952-10-09 1955-03-22 Electric trigger circuits Expired - Lifetime US2832899A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB25326/52A GB730892A (en) 1952-12-23 1952-10-09 Improvements in or relating to electrical bistable circuits
GB32603/52A GB730061A (en) 1952-10-09 1952-12-23 Improvements in or relating to electric trigger circuits
GB3271252A GB730907A (en) 1952-10-09 1952-12-24
GB3361853A GB763734A (en) 1953-12-03 1953-12-03 Improvements in or relating to electrical circuits employing transistors
GB10034/54A GB740056A (en) 1952-10-09 1954-04-06 Improvements in or relating to electric trigger circuits employing crystal triodes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2832899A true US2832899A (en) 1958-04-29

Family

ID=32330108

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US383614A Expired - Lifetime US2906888A (en) 1952-10-09 1953-10-01 Electrical counting circuits
US398383A Expired - Lifetime US2806153A (en) 1952-10-09 1953-12-15 Electric trigger circuits
US398364A Expired - Lifetime US2764688A (en) 1952-10-09 1953-12-15 Electric trigger circuits
US471458A Expired - Lifetime US2860259A (en) 1952-10-09 1954-11-26 Electrical circuits employing transistors
US495993A Expired - Lifetime US2832899A (en) 1952-10-09 1955-03-22 Electric trigger circuits

Family Applications Before (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US383614A Expired - Lifetime US2906888A (en) 1952-10-09 1953-10-01 Electrical counting circuits
US398383A Expired - Lifetime US2806153A (en) 1952-10-09 1953-12-15 Electric trigger circuits
US398364A Expired - Lifetime US2764688A (en) 1952-10-09 1953-12-15 Electric trigger circuits
US471458A Expired - Lifetime US2860259A (en) 1952-10-09 1954-11-26 Electrical circuits employing transistors

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (5) US2906888A (en)
BE (6) BE523378A (en)
CH (4) CH328585A (en)
DE (4) DE1023081B (en)
FR (7) FR1090165A (en)
GB (3) GB733638A (en)
NL (2) NL192868A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2944166A (en) * 1956-10-09 1960-07-05 Philips Corp Bistable trigger circuit
US3172095A (en) * 1959-03-27 1965-03-02 Beckman Instruments Inc Transistor controlled digital count indicator

Families Citing this family (59)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE532053A (en) * 1953-09-24
NL112272C (en) * 1954-12-31
US2967951A (en) * 1955-01-17 1961-01-10 Philco Corp Direct-coupled transistor circuit
NL203732A (en) * 1955-01-18
US2896170A (en) * 1955-01-20 1959-07-21 Int Standard Electric Corp Oscillator circuit for transistors
US2888560A (en) * 1955-03-07 1959-05-26 Sperry Rand Corp Modulator binary counter circuit
US2872596A (en) * 1955-03-31 1959-02-03 Hughes Aircraft Co Transistor voltage comparator
BE553183A (en) * 1955-12-07
US2956176A (en) * 1956-01-25 1960-10-11 Int Standard Electric Corp Pulse producing device
US2908829A (en) * 1956-03-08 1959-10-13 Barber Colman Co Control system with stepped output transistor amplifier
DE1035274B (en) * 1956-03-17 1958-07-31 Pintsch Electro Gmbh Relay circuit for monitoring a signal voltage
US2946897A (en) * 1956-03-29 1960-07-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Direct coupled transistor logic circuits
US2906893A (en) * 1956-07-06 1959-09-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor blocking oscillator
US2952772A (en) * 1956-08-20 1960-09-13 Honeywell Regulator Co Electrical pulse shaping and amplifying circuit
US2885573A (en) * 1956-09-04 1959-05-05 Ibm Transistor delay circuit
US3038658A (en) * 1956-09-11 1962-06-12 Robotomics Entpr Inc Electronic counter
US2920216A (en) * 1956-09-18 1960-01-05 Philco Corp Transistor multivibrator
US2967953A (en) * 1956-09-24 1961-01-10 Bendix Corp Inductance controlled multivibrator
US2947879A (en) * 1956-10-30 1960-08-02 Ibm Transistor power inverter circuit
US2945964A (en) * 1956-10-31 1960-07-19 Hughes Aircraft Co Pulsed output transistor flip-flop
US2920215A (en) * 1956-10-31 1960-01-05 Rca Corp Switching circuit
NL106421C (en) * 1956-11-27
BE562896A (en) * 1956-12-03
US3132303A (en) * 1956-12-11 1964-05-05 Telefunken Gmbh Bistable trigger circuit with feedback amplifier
CA844122A (en) * 1957-02-14 1970-06-09 Honeywell Inc. Excitation control for electric generators
US2916670A (en) * 1957-03-15 1959-12-08 Bill Jack Scient Instr Co Electronic flasher system
US3067336A (en) * 1957-05-03 1962-12-04 Honeywell Regulator Co Bistable electronic switching circuitry for manipulating digital data
US3067410A (en) * 1957-06-05 1962-12-04 Alsacienne De Reglage Thermiqu Automatically controlling electric regulator system of temperature, pressure or moisture
US2957137A (en) * 1957-06-24 1960-10-18 Jr Aaron Z Robinson Polarity coincidence correlator
US2982276A (en) * 1957-08-28 1961-05-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Pulse generating system for electronic fuel injection control devices and the like
US2988651A (en) * 1957-08-30 1961-06-13 Richard K Richards Regenerative pulse amplifier
US3001087A (en) * 1957-10-04 1961-09-19 Siemens Ag Impulse timing chains
DE1145523B (en) * 1957-12-07 1963-03-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Signal system
US2999172A (en) * 1957-12-20 1961-09-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor trigger circuit
US2996685A (en) * 1958-01-31 1961-08-15 Baskin R Lawrence Electronic tone signal generators
US3045127A (en) * 1958-03-28 1962-07-17 Honeywell Regulator Co Electrical counter circuitry
US3066231A (en) * 1958-07-30 1962-11-27 Ibm Flip-flop circuit having pulse-forming networks in the cross-coupling paths
US2977485A (en) * 1958-11-28 1961-03-28 Digital Equipment Corp Diode-transformer gating circuit
US3080486A (en) * 1958-12-22 1963-03-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Bistable amplifier circuit
USRE29475E (en) * 1959-01-19 1977-11-15 Honeywell Inc. Battery charging circuit responsive to generator output voltage and current
US3149238A (en) * 1959-02-27 1964-09-15 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Ring-counter circuit system
US3193706A (en) * 1959-12-02 1965-07-06 Philco Corp Signal responsive load energization system
GB929796A (en) * 1960-02-10
US3106647A (en) * 1960-02-19 1963-10-08 Int Resistance Co Bistable semiconductor circuit responsive to sensing device
US3162790A (en) * 1960-03-10 1964-12-22 Wakamatsu Hisato Transistor relay circuit
US3253261A (en) * 1960-03-24 1966-05-24 Ibm Ring control circuits
US3120618A (en) * 1961-02-06 1964-02-04 Gen Precision Inc Error signal storage system
US3238310A (en) * 1961-02-13 1966-03-01 Rca Corp Bidirectional amplifiers
US3188529A (en) * 1961-07-27 1965-06-08 Cutler Hammer Inc System for controlling electroresponsive means
US3201773A (en) * 1961-08-30 1965-08-17 Leeds & Northrup Co Visual indicator for bistate units
US3233116A (en) * 1961-11-28 1966-02-01 Gen Electric Control rectifiers having timing means energized in response to load effecting commutation
US3185911A (en) * 1961-12-07 1965-05-25 Omnitronics Inc Control circuit for tape drive mechanism
US3205372A (en) * 1962-08-02 1965-09-07 Sperry Rand Corp Schmitt trigger circuit characterized by noise insensitivity
US3214644A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-10-26 Bunker Ramo Trigger circuit
US3325645A (en) * 1964-08-11 1967-06-13 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg X-ray tube system with voltage and current control means
DE1562287B1 (en) * 1966-06-07 1970-04-02 Patelhold Patentverwertung Circuit arrangement for the selective switching through of a carrier alternating voltage modulated with an information signal to one of several output channels
US3593034A (en) * 1968-12-24 1971-07-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Electrical ring counter circuit
US4414602A (en) * 1981-12-18 1983-11-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. Current director and interface circuit for a transformer relay
US9962622B2 (en) 2013-07-01 2018-05-08 Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. Evaporator and fuel cell system using the evaporator

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2476323A (en) * 1948-05-19 1949-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multielectrode modulator
US2538515A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-01-16 Rca Corp Electronic interval timer
US2622211A (en) * 1951-04-28 1952-12-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Stabilized transistor trigger circuit
US2714705A (en) * 1953-03-05 1955-08-02 Rca Corp Electronic phase shifting system

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL152683C (en) * 1949-03-31
US2533001A (en) * 1949-04-30 1950-12-05 Rca Corp Flip-flop counter circuit
US2605306A (en) * 1949-10-15 1952-07-29 Rca Corp Semiconductor multivibrator circuit
US2620400A (en) * 1949-10-17 1952-12-02 Snijders Antonie Arrangement for comparing voltages
US2531076A (en) * 1949-10-22 1950-11-21 Rca Corp Bistable semiconductor multivibrator circuit
US2569345A (en) * 1950-03-28 1951-09-25 Gen Electric Transistor multivibrator circuit
US2614141A (en) * 1950-05-26 1952-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Counting circuit
US2627039A (en) * 1950-05-29 1953-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Gating circuits
US2620448A (en) * 1950-09-12 1952-12-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor trigger circuits
US2594336A (en) * 1950-10-17 1952-04-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrical counter circuit
NL222686A (en) * 1950-11-28
US2594449A (en) * 1950-12-30 1952-04-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor switching device
USB164000I5 (en) * 1951-09-15
BE515155A (en) * 1951-10-30
US2676271A (en) * 1952-01-25 1954-04-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor gate
US2644897A (en) * 1952-08-09 1953-07-07 Rca Corp Transistor ring counter
NL180361B (en) * 1952-09-17 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd CASSETTE FOR A MAGNETIC BAND.
BE524024A (en) * 1952-11-07

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2538515A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-01-16 Rca Corp Electronic interval timer
US2476323A (en) * 1948-05-19 1949-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multielectrode modulator
US2622211A (en) * 1951-04-28 1952-12-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Stabilized transistor trigger circuit
US2714705A (en) * 1953-03-05 1955-08-02 Rca Corp Electronic phase shifting system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2944166A (en) * 1956-10-09 1960-07-05 Philips Corp Bistable trigger circuit
US3172095A (en) * 1959-03-27 1965-03-02 Beckman Instruments Inc Transistor controlled digital count indicator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE523377A (en) 1956-01-06
CH323960A (en) 1957-08-31
BE523376A (en) 1956-01-09
GB730907A (en)
FR71313E (en) 1959-12-22
DE1007809B (en) 1957-05-09
FR1090165A (en) 1955-03-28
US2806153A (en) 1957-09-10
GB794656A (en) 1958-05-07
DE1068486B (en) 1959-11-05
FR66065E (en) 1956-05-03
US2764688A (en) 1956-09-25
BE525314A (en) 1956-05-05
CH331346A (en) 1958-07-15
GB733638A (en) 1955-07-13
FR66169E (en) 1956-05-17
FR66170E (en) 1956-05-17
DE1023081B (en) 1958-01-23
NL192868A (en)
BE550798A (en) 1959-12-18
BE523378A (en) 1956-01-09
DE1018460B (en) 1957-10-31
CH339948A (en) 1959-07-31
US2860259A (en) 1958-11-11
BE533839A (en) 1958-06-08
CH328585A (en) 1958-03-15
FR64712E (en) 1955-12-01
NL191850A (en)
US2906888A (en) 1959-09-29
FR69860E (en) 1959-01-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2832899A (en) Electric trigger circuits
US2845548A (en) Static time delay circuit
US2287926A (en) Signal actuated alarm circuit
US2644896A (en) Transistor bistable circuit
US2279007A (en) Time delay circuit and relaxation oscillator
US3160766A (en) Switching circuit with a capacitor directly connected between the bases of opposite conductivity transistors
US3597633A (en) Diode bridge type electronic switch
US2782303A (en) Switching system
US2970227A (en) Voltage transfer switch
US3433978A (en) Low output impedance majority logic inverting circuit
US3181005A (en) Counter employing tunnel diode chain and reset means
US2691728A (en) Electrical storage apparatus
US3544808A (en) High speed saturation mode switching circuit for a capacitive load
US3007061A (en) Transistor switching circuit
US2972060A (en) Logical elements
US2770740A (en) Electric counting devices and circuits employing semi-conductors
US3040189A (en) Monostable multivibrator controlling a threshold circuit
US3008088A (en) Synchronized multivibrator with selectable clamping means for rendering it inoperative
US2946898A (en) Bistable transistor circuit
US3109945A (en) Tunnel diode flip flop circuit for providing complementary and symmetrical outputs
US2955211A (en) Bistable circuit
US3214606A (en) Retentive memory bistable multivibrator circuit with preferred starting means
US2809304A (en) Transistor circuits
US3217180A (en) Output-follows-input pulse amplifier employing a tunnel diode bistable circuit having an inductor
US3660690A (en) Electrical adjustment of time-constant apparatus