US2830333A - Wood casement windows - Google Patents

Description

April 15, 1958 E. L. ANDERSON WOOD CASEMENT WINDOWS 5 Sheets-Shet 1 Filed Dec.

INVENTOR. EPA/E57 L AA/MESO/V A TTOENY5 April 1 1958 E. ANDERSON 2,830,333

woon CASEMENT WINDOWS Filed Dec. 11, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. EPA/55'7" L. All/05250111 A 7' TOP/VEVS April 15, 1958 E. 1.. ANDERSON WOOD CASEMENT WINDOWS Filed D80. 11, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR.

ERA/57 A. A NDEESOA/ pri 1 1953 E. L. ANDERSON 2,830,333

wooD CASEMENT wmbows Filed Dec. 11, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 ,4 T r A/EYS' April 15, 1958 E. L. ANDERSON 2,830,333

WOOD CASEMENT WINDOWS Filed Dec. 11, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Unircdfiws Pat WOOD cAsEMn Twmnowsf Ernest L.- Anderson', Seattle, Wash. Application December 11, 1951, Serial No. 261,032

2 Claims. c1. 20-53 g This invention relates to a construction for Wood venting windows, and more particularly to such. a window construction which is economical to produce in quantity and to install.

It has been proposed heretofore to prefabricate a wood window sash and frame as an assembled unit with such hardware attached asmay be required formovable portions of the window, commonly termed vents but more accurately ventilating sashes, sothat this-window unit'would simply be set in plae and secured about. its edges in an opening formed in a building structure. Various difiiculties have been experienced in the manufacture of such window units, however, one resulting from the large number of diflerent molding shapes required in the fabrication of the window.

Another difi'iiculty in the design and construction of ventilating sashes for such a window unit has been that of obtaining a proper seal around the edges of such a sash to prevent seepage of air and entrance of water about its edges under all conditions of temperature and humidity, which would tend to cause the wooden parts of the window to shrink or swell. An object of the present invention is to provide a construction which will eliminate this difliculty.

Another advantage of the window structure is that precision formation of the opening in a building structure is not required for the window unit to be .fitted properly into the opening, but on the contrary if the window opening is formedin accordance withthe nominal dimensions of a window unit ordered within a reasonable over or under tolerance, the window unit will fit sufficiently well to make an entirely satisfactory construction.

A more specific object of the invention is to provide a window construction of the prefabricated type which is Well adapted to mass production technique and utilizes a minimum of different molding shapes in its construction. Such shapes may be fitted together in different ways and to form different elements of window units, so that a wide variety of window sizes and styles can be fabricated with a few molding shapes.

Generally similar principles of ventilating sash construction may be utilized whether such sash is hinged to swing about its upper edge, its lower edge, or its side edge, and'whether the swinging edge of the Ventilating sash moves inward or outward, the interfitting of the parts in each instance being such as to provide a double sealing engagement at each side of the sash, and where the sash swings about an upper or lower edge a protective flange will project downward over the upper edge of the sash to afford a drip arrangement, thus preventing infiltration of water without the necessity of providing an extra element particularly for this purpose. In accomplishing this object a feature of the window is the special hinge mounting for the ventilating sashes which will enable them to seal firmly against the window frame elements surrounding them when they are closed, yet thehinge structure will be entirely concealed when the ventilating sash is closed. Moreover, such hinge structure may be utilized without 2,830,333 Patented Apr. 15, 1958 z. a modification'whether the ventilating sash swings about its upper or its lower edge, or a side edge, and Whether the swinging edge of the ventilating sash movcsinward. or outward from the general plane of the window.

A further feature of the window construction is to extend the muntin bars uninterruptedly from side to side and from top to bottom of the window, except as such continuity must be interrupted by ventilating sashropenings, and where muntin bars cross to notch such bars complementally for interfitting without breaking either of the intersecting muntin bars at the point 'of intersection. Moreover, the design of the muntin, vent and frame bars is such as to atford a strongand rigid construction for the window to carry high wind loads, although the dimensions of the bars in cross section are small to obstruct the glass space as little as possible and to provide a structure of light weight. l

A window unit incorporating the features of this invention can be installed inopenings indifferent types of wall structure, such as frame, brick veneer, concrete block, poured concrete, or solid brick construction, with minor or no modification being required.

Also, while, because of the small cross section of the molding'elements used in fabricating the window, there is little difference in thickness between the composite framing elements around a ventilating sash and the muntins dividing the fixed lights of the.window,.an almost completely uniform appearance can be'secured in a so called sight line window by utilizing a combination of molding elements useful for other elements of the window also, and .Without requiring special shapes for muntin bars. 1

iFurther'objects, advantages and features of the win dow construction of the present invention will be pointed out in the detailed description of the several representativeforms of window shown in the accompanying drawings, t Figure 1 is an exterior elevation'of one type of window according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a vertical section through such vwindow taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a horizontal section through the ventilating sash taken on line 3-3 of Figure l, and Figure 4 is a fragmentaryperspective view ofmolding elements utilized in the fabrication of this window unit prior to glazing and with parts broken away to illustrate principally the construction of joints between various molding member's. a f I Y Figure 5 is a detail elevation view of a portion of a ventilating'sash and frame of the type utilized in the window of Figure l, for example, with parts broken away to show the hinge installation, and Figure 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the same portion of the window structure with parts broken away to reveal the hinge mechanism with the ventilating sash in closed position.

Figure 7 is a perspective view similar to Figure 6, but with the ventilating sash shown in open position.

Figure 8 is an exterior elevation view of another type of window embodying the principles of the invention, Figure 9 is a vertical sectional View on line 9-9 of Figure .8, and Figure 10 is a horizontal sectional view on line 1010;of Figure 8. Figure 11 is a fragmentary sectional view through a composite muntin taken at line 11-11 of Figure 8. Figure 12 is a bottom perspective view of the frame bar and meeting rail junction at the swinging edge of the'ventilating sash. Figure 13 is a fragmentary sectional view through the window frame of this window, taken on line 1313 of Figure 8. Figure 14 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view showing a bottom frame member end and a complemental sideframe member end, in relationship for assembly and viewed from the exterior of the window. l

Figure is a fragmentary vertical sectional view throngh a win'dow"of'thedype'shown in Figure 1,"for example, taken on a line such as 22 in that figure, but in which the ventilating sash is arranged to have its upper edge swing inwardly instead of its lower. edge swinging outwardly. Figure 16 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view through one side ofthe frame of such. a window comparable to that taken oniline 3-3 ofIFigure 1. Figure 17.is a fragmentary bottom perspective view of a lower corner of 'sucha window with parts broken'away to reveal thehinge structure and showing the window in open position.

Figure 18 is an exterior elevation view of anothertype of window incorporating the principles of the invention, having ventilating'sashes at opposite vertical sides. 'Figure 19 is :a vertical. sectional view through the window of'Figure '18 on'th'elline 19 "1'9 of that figure, and Figure 20.is a horizontal sectional-view through the same window taken 'on'line '20--'-'20 bf'Figure 18.

Figure 21 is an'exterior elevation view of still a further type of window according to the present invention,'having a single ventilating. sash, andFig'ures 22 and 23 respectively are vertical sectional views through such window on lines 2222 and.2323. Figure'24 is a horizontal sectional view through thesame window on line 24-24, illustrating a window of this type set in a concrete block wall'structure. Figure 25 is a-fragmentary "perspective view with parts broken away, illustrating the central junction of the muntin bars utilized in the window of Figure 21. J

In order to indicate the variety of window types in which the various features of my window construction may be incorporated, the drawings illustrate several typical window installations showing variations in the num ber of lights used in the window, the location of the ventilating sash, the size of such sash, the hinge point of such sash, and the type of buildingconstruction in which the window is installed. It will be appreciated, therefore, that these illustrations'aremerely by way of example, and 'the*number,location and arrangement of the lights and, ventilating sashes may be selected in accordance with t-herequirements of a particular. installation, asdesired. Also, theventilating sashes, while all of the swinging type, may be arranged to'swingoutward about top or side edges or inward about bottom or side edges, as may 'be preferred, although ordinarily it will not be desirable for a sash to swing inward about its top edge or outward about its bottom edge. Nevertheless, even these last-mentionedarrangements are possible.

Despite the versatility of window design possible by utilizing the principles of the invention, the. construction is well adapted to production technique because of the utilization of only six basic moldingshapes. "In the window of Figure 1 only five of these shapes are used. This window, which is' representative of the most customarily used type, includes four fixed lights F and two lights V in the ventilating sash'which is hinged so that (its lower edge may swing outward about an axis adjacent to its upper edge, known as an awning typeof ventilating sash;

Turning to the detailed construction of .the window unit shown in Figure "1, its frame 'is formed by 'the wooden frame bar "1,.the shape of-which bar is the .same for all four sides of the window to enable the frame corners'to .be mitered readily. This frame bar includes an inwardly projecting glass flange .portion .10 adjacent to its inner edge, a jamb portion:11, and projectingoutwardly from .such jamb. portion, a molding or trim portion 12. 'Between the jamb portionv and molding-portion is aledge 13, the edge of which serves as.a putty guide where fixed lights areset against the .glass i'flange 10, and the outer-surfaceof =which.isengaged bysa ventilating-sash'bar flange where :a ventilating sashis'adjacent to the 1 frame. This'ledge. may also have titted against -i t another molding in :the ca-se of rather'special-window another-representativetype of window.

Preferably the ledge 13 is disposed at the inner side of and adjacent to a step 14 between it and the molding 12 proper, the height of such step transversely of the window corresponding to the thickness of the vent bar flange overlapping the ledgeas will be explained more fully later. I a

In the face of the framebarforming' the perimeter of the window unit and generally midway between the outer and inner edges of the frame bar is a groove 15 extending longitudinally of the frame bar. 'Into this groove fits the edge 20 of thespline ;2 disposed in a plane parallel to the window unit and constituting a nailing flange. Preferably the edge portion 20 is somewhat thinner than the thickness of the spline 2 over the major portion of its width to form .a shoulder 21 overlapping the; pmtion of the framebar 1 alongone edge of Iits'groove' 15, enabling the spline to be located accurately. If thegroove 15 is slightly wider than'the thickness ofthe spline edge 20, the spline can be .mounted so that its'shoulder 21 will seat on the frame bar alongside groove 15"to limit the'projection of thespline edge into the groove, and by pressing'the stepped side of the spline against the front edge of the groove '15 the splinecan be disposed precisely perpendicular tothe perimetral surface 1610f 'the frame bar. i l

The perimetral surface 17 of theframe bar at theinner sideof groove '15 is stepped inward from the. outer perimetral surface 16, asshown clearly at the top and bottom of Figure 2, and a rib 18 preferably is provided projecting inward from the inner face ofthe frame bar and extendin'g along its perimetral edge. The nominal size of the window unit will be measured to the exterior of the perimetral surfaces 16 at opposite sides of the window, but the window unit will bev inserted into a window opening only up to theinner 'face of the splines 2. .The extent to which the inner perimetral surface 17 is stepped'from the outer perimetral surface '16 represents fitting tolerance between'the edges of a window opening formed to receive the window unit and the adjacent portion of such unit to compensatefor any unevenness in the cripples at opposite sides of'the rough window opening, or in the header H along the top of the window opening, or in the sill plate beneath the window opening. This clearance also allows for errors in measurement of'the carpenters forming the rough window opening.

While the spline 2 has been illustrated as an element separate from the frame bar 1, these two parts will in effect form an integral'structure because the spline will be secured in the frame groove 15 with waterproof glue of the thermosetting type, such as a phenolformaldehyde resin, which not only will securethepartsfirmly together, but render them absolutely watertight. This glue is of the type used in the manufactureof' waterproof "plywood, for example, which is employed'evenin boat building. Alternatively, the spline and framecelements can beformed as a single piece.

At intervals along the length of the splines or nailing flanges 2 are drilled holes 22 toreceive nails N used to secure the prefabricatedwindow unit to the building structure. Where such a unit is installed in a building or" frame construction, the window opening will be framed with a portion of the structural members, such as the cripples and header, not covered by the sheathing S. Such sheathing is'of the same thickness as the splines or nailing flanges 2, as illustrated at the top and bottom of Figure 2. After the rough opening has been formed and the Window unit-secured in place 'by the nails N, the wall covering W, such as bevel siding, is applied over the sheathing and the nailing flanges. In order to prevent entry of water between "the molding portion 12 of the upper frame element and the lower edge of the wall covering, sheet metal flashing F may be. installed over the upper side ofthc Window frameand behind'the wall eovering as shown at the top of Figure, 2. The interior side of the window opening may then be finished by applying a layer of plaster P to the head and sides of the window opening which may cover the rib 18. The bottom of the window opening may be finished by fitting a piece of window stool St between the rib 18 on the lower frame bar and the inner wall finish.

Sometimes Water is inclined to run from a vertical surface around a corner and along a horizontal surface by capillary attraction, and to prevent such action a small groove 19 may be formed along the under face of the lower frame element adjacent to its outer face, which will form a shape designated a drip to interrupt the capillary flow of water and cause it to drip oif the lower frame member.

Within the borders of the window frame unit formed by the frame bars 1 is the structure for supporting edges of the window lights if the window has more than one pane, and for mounting the ventilating sash or sashes if such are incorporated in the window. Between the fixed panes F in the window of Figure l are the muntin bars 3 which are of T-section, including a rather thick web portion 30 and relatively thin flange portion 31. In the installation of these muntin bars it is desirable for each to extend uninterruptedly from one frame bar 1 to another, or from a frame bar to a main division member, such as the meeting rail 4 extending along the upper edge of the ventilating opening at the bottom of the window in Figure 1. Such continuity of the muntins both insures that the muntins in adjacent sections will be in alignment, so that the various fixed window lights will be coplanar, and improves the strength of the window structure to resist wind loads.

The manner in which the muntin bars are connected with the frame bars and meeting rail and arranged at the intersection of two muntin bars is shown best in Figure 4. The ledge 13 of the frame bar is grooved at 32, and the end of the muntin web is cut to form a tenon 33 to fit endwise into such groove. This groove is cut back only to the outer surface of the glass flange 10, and the muntin flange 31 is then removed back from the tenon 33 sufficiently so that the end of such flange will abut the edge of the frame bar glass flange 10. Any wind load on the panes F exerted against the flange 31 will then tend to press the muntin bar inward, which force will be resisted by the bearing of the inner face of the muntin web on the outer face of the glass flange 10, and the adjacent end of groove 33.

At the intersection of the horizontal and vertical muntin bars 3, the flange of one muntin bar is cut out for a distance equal to the width of the flange of the other muntin bar which passes through such groove, and the web of such other muntin bar is grooved and removed back'to the flange for a distarice equal to the width of the web of the first muntin bar. In the example shown 'in Figure 4 the flange of the vertical muntin bar is removed to the line 34, forming a notch in the back of this muntin of a width equal to the width of the flange of the horizontal muntin. Complementally the web 30 of the horizontal muntin bar is cut out for a distance equal to the width of the vertical muntin bar web, forming a notch opening to the front which will receive the web of the vertical muntin bar as shown. Thus the flange of the horizontal muntin bar extends continuously across the window from one frame bar to the other, whereas the web of the vertical muntin extends uninterruptedly from the upper frame bar to the meeting rail 4. At this meeting rail which incorporates the flange 40 the flange'31 of the vertical muntin bar is cut back to the line 35, and the step 41 extending along the upper side of the meeting rail is grooved to accommodate a tenon 36 cut on the lower end of the vertical muntin bar web.

As in the joint between the muntin bar end and the frame bar, it will be seen that wind loads on the window vertical muntin are resisted at its lowerend by engage- 6 ment of the inner edge of the flange 4G. 7

For uniformity of appearance it will be noted that the thickness of the meeting rail flange 40 is the same as that of the muntin flange 31, and the depth of the muntin web 30 is the same as the width of the meeting rail step 41 and of the frame bar jamb portion 11. Consequently, the outer face of the meeting rail step 41, the ledge 13 of the frame bar, and the outer edges of the muntins are coplanar, and the inner faces of muntin flanges 31 and of the meeting rail flange 40 are coplanar. While the glass flange 10 of the frame bar 1 may be of the same thickness as the muntin flanges, preferably it is thicker for added strength of such flange and of the frame bar generally.

The meeting rail 4 is used only in a horizontal position as a main division bar of a window above a vent, and in such position is disposed with the step 41 on its upper side. The outer edge of this meeting rail projects beyond the step 14 of the frame bar as shown in Figures 2 and 4, and the junction with the frame bar is similar to that of a horizontal muntin in that bearing against the frame bar glass flange 10 is afforded. Thus, as shown in Figure 4, the flange 40 of the meeting rail is cut back so that its end abuts the edge of the frame bar glass flange 10 while the web of the meeting rail projects beyond its flange and is received in a groove in the frame bar jamb in the manner shown in Figure 4 and in Figure 12.

The front edge of the meeting rail has a rib 42 projecting downwardly to form a drip above the vent. At the base of the meeting rail web and alongside its flange 40 on the underside of the rail is a groove 43 of a width slightly greater than the thickness of the meeting rail flange, and between this groove and the rib 42 is a surface preferably flush with the corresponding edge of the meeting rail flange 40. 7

An advantage of the present type of window construction is that the same T-shaped element as used for the muntin bars may be used for at least one marginal element of each ventilating sash as well as for any division elements which may be required. In describing the ventilating sashes, therefore, the T-shaped element will be designated by the same reference numerals as when used as a muntin, even though in that instance it serves the purpose of a vent bar. In a ventilating sash hinged so that its swinging edge moves outward, whether such swinging edge be at the bottom or at either side of the ventilating opening, the marginal member of the sash opposite the swinging edge will be formed by a T-shaped element 3. The other three vent bars 5 will be of Z-section, in which the outer flange 50 will forma projecting perimetral rib, and the other flange 51 at the inner side of the ventilating sash will form a glass flange. The T- shaped vent bar 3 is disposed with its web 30 projecting outwardly and one edge of its flange 31will form the glass flange along this edge of the sash. The thickness of the Z-shaped vent bars 5 is the same as the thickness of the T-shaped vent bar 3, and the flange 31 of this bar is the same thickness as the flanges 51 of the Z-shaped vent bar s. All these glass flange elements are therefore disposed in the same plane. e

The adjacent vent bars of Z-shape are joined together at the corners by mitered joints, and the Z-shaped vent bars adjacent to opposite ends of the T-shaped vent bar are joined to such T-shaped vent bar by butt pinned or tenoned joints. Since it is desirable for sealing purposes web'zwith the meeting rail to have the flange of the T-shaped vent bar 3 extend along,

the full length of its vent side, the ends of the adjacent Z-shaped vent bars will abut the adjacent side of the T- shaped vent bar. At this junction the ends of the adjacent Z-bar members will he stepped to accommodate the full width of the flange 31 on the T-shaped vent bar 3 crossing the ends of such Z-shaped vent bars.

ltwill be evident from Figures 2 and 3 that the thickness of the Z-shaped vent bar flanges 50 preferably is equalto the width of -the step, but many event it is important that the width of the jamb 11, the width of the meeting rail. "surface 44, the depthv of. theT-shaped vent bar web-30, and the thickness of the Z-shapedframe'bar minus the thickness of the flange 50, all be equal. With these proportions, 'when 'the ventilatingsash is in closed positionlthelouter :surface of the T-shaped vent bar 3 willengage the inner surface. of the :meeting rail drip rib 42, and .at the perimetral side of such vent bar the outer surface. of vits flangefil will abut the outer side of. the meeting'ra'il=groovef43, whereas at the other three sides of the ventilatingrsash the inner surface of. the Z-shaped vent :sbariflanges 50 will abut the frame bar ledges or shoulders '13,. and: the inner sides of such. Z-shaped vent bars will abut the outer faces of the frame bar (glass flanges 16. :Thus ta double .seal "willbe effected on all four sides of the sash. Moreover, as shown in Figure 2, the'width of the flanges willbelsuch that despite shrinkage and swelling of thevent frame such double sealing contact willrbe "effected at a'llsides of the ventilating opening, while space is left betweenthe marginal elements of the ventilating sash and. the adjacent members of the opening to allow for such shrinkageand swelling without the sash sticking.

;In* order to insure such double sealing action along the edge of the ventilating sash opposite its swinging edge under all moisture content conditions of the wood, the manner in which the sash is hinged is very important. Thus the axis of sash swing should be in the plane of the window, .and, as shown in Figure 3,v preferably somewhat nearer the inner surface than the outer surface of the vent bar along the sash edge opposite its swinging edge. In addition, the axis should be preferably somewhat beyond theperirnetral surface of the adjacent side of the sash, and certainly not appreciably inwardly of the perimetral surface of such sash side. Such sash pivot axis location canbe formedby hinge mechanism which will be completely concealed when the sash is closed.

The details of the hinge'structure, its mounting in the window, and its operation are shown principally in Figures 3,-5, 6-and 7. The hinge structure is composed of three-principal elements, first a strap. 6 which is secured tothe sash itself and extends along its edge, second a strap 60 which is secured'to the window structure forming the-ventilating opening, and third, a link 61 bridging betweenthe two straps 6 and 60. Strap 60 has in it a slot 62 extending lengthwise of it in which is slidabiy engaged a headed pivot pin 63 carried by and secured in'the end of-strap'6 preferably projecting slightly beyond the T- shaped vent 'bar 3. The gpivot carrying end 64of this strap may be offset from the remainder of the strap toward strap 60 to providebetween such straps a space wide enough to accommodate link 61. Instead of thus offsetting the strap end 64, however, the pivot pin 63 may be made longer and provided with a shoulder to engage the side of strap 60 opposite the head of this pin.

Theendsof link 61 are connected bypivots 65 and 66, respectively, to the straps 66 and 6 at locations such that when the two straps and the link are all in overlying registry the pivotpin 63 will be near the end of strapdfl remote from link pivot 65, and link pivot 66 will be approximatelymidway between the pin 63 and pivot 65, although there maybe considerable'leeway in such location of pivot 66. As the swinging edge of the ventilating sash moves away from closed position the pin 63 will appreach pivot 65 along slot 62, and the two str- aps 6 and 60 and the link 61 will assume the triangular relationship illustrated in Figure 7. The longer link 61 is, and the closer pivot 66 is to thepivot pin 63, the greater will be the angle of swing of the sash for a. given movement of pivot pin 63 along slot 62 toward pivot 65. Conversely, the shorter such link, and the farther pivot 66 is located from the pivot pin 63, the smaller will be the angle throughwhich the sash swings for a given displacement of pivot pin 63 toward pivot 65.

seal.

YAs seen in Figure 6, when the ventilating sash is closed all threeof the hinge elernents ,6, 60 and 61'are disposed inoverlying'registry and in registry with the frame bar 1 and the side vent bar. Each of these elements is grooved sufficiently to accommodate a portion ofthe-hinge, so that together a suflicient cavity is formed to house the hinge completely. It will be noted that the underside of the meeting rail 4 near its end is grooved to form the recess into which the upper end of the hinge projects. With the ventilating sash in its outwardly swung position or Figure7, the two straps 6 and may be attached readily by screws to the vent and frame bars respectively.

The axis about which .the ventilating sash swings is defined'bytheline joining the pivots 63 at opposite sides of the sash, and because these pivot pins slide alongslots 62 as de cribed, it will be appreciated that the axis .of swing shifts continuously and only momentarily assumes any given location with respect to thewindow unit. Such pivot axis, however, maintains a fixed relationship with respect to the ventilating sash. because the pivot pins 63 are carried by the straps 6 secured to this element. The movement of the sash between closed position and a slightly open position is represented by the solid and broken line illustrations in Figure 2. It will be noted that the upper edge of flange 31 of the upper vent bar moves downward and slightly outward from the notch 43. If the center of pivot pins 63 defining the hinge axis lies precisely in the same horizontal plane as the upper edge of this flange, such flange will not move inward at all and will move outward only a negligible amount. The only appreciable movement of the upper edge of flange 43, therefore, is a downward and tilting movement as the sash is swung open. On the contrary, as the sash is closed this entire flange will tilt back into a plane parallel to the plane of the window unit, and the upper edge of this flange will he slid upwardly into the notch 43 to abut its outer side. Simultaneously the front face of the upper vent bar will slide upward behind the drip rib 42 to effect a seal against it. Meanwhile, of course, at the other three sides of the sash the spaced inner surfaces of the vent bars and their flanges are moving into double sealing engagement with the outer surface of the glass flange and with the ledge or shoulder 13, respectively.

It may be noted that if the hinge axis of the ventilating sash were appreciably lower, the first swinging movement of the sash not only would swing the swinging edge of the sash outward, but would swing the upper flange of the upper vent bar inward so that it would come into conflict with the lower edge of the meeting rail flange 40. Conversely, if the pivot axis were located a substantial distance above the upper sash bar, swinging of the sash would cause interference between both the outer surface of the upper portion of flange 31 and the outer side of groove'43, and between the outer surface of the upper vent bar and the inner surface of the drip rib 42. If suflicient clearance were allowed to avoid either type of interference, it would be difiicult to effect a tight double Moreover, if the upper edge of the sash swung inward appreciably because of the axis of pivot pin 63 being too low, the flanges of the side Z-shaped vent bars would conflict with the ledges 13 against which they are intended toseat. The location of pivot pins 63 is therefore quite critical.

In Figure 8 a somewhat different style of window unit is illustrated, 'but this 'window, like that of Figure l, incorporates a ventilating sash the lower edge of which swings outward. In this instance, however, the sash does not extend from side to side of the window, but has a fixed light F at each side of it, as well as above it. The junction between the vertical muntin 3 and the upper frame bar of the window, and between such muntin and the meeting rail are the same as in Figure l, and consequently no further description of them should be required. To accommodate the lower fixed lights, however, a molding shape in addition to the five discussed in connection 9 withthe window of Figure l is required. This additional shape is the filler strip-7 shown particularly in Figures 11 and 12.

The filler strip is of greater over-all depththan the muntin bars and vent bars. The upper side of this filler strip has a rib 70 spaced from its inner surface equal to the spacing of the meeting rail groove 43 from the inner surface of the meeting rail 4. Consequently, this rib will fit in and fill such groove and the outer surface of the filler strip will fit behind the drip rib 42 of the meeting rail 4.

The shape of the lower side of the filler strip includes a downwardly projecting glass flange 71 and astep 72 from the extreme outer face of the filler strip, forming a surface flush with the lower edge of the meeting rail drip rib 42. Between the base of this step and the inner surface of the filler strip the depth of such strip is equal to the depth of a muntin bar or a vent bar.

While filler strips 7 secured by pins 73 to the underside of the meeting rail 4 between the frame bars and the muntin bars alongside the vertical sides of the ventilating sash, the outer surface of the glass flange 71 of the filler strip is disposed in the same plane as the outer surface of the frame bar glass flange and the muntin bar glass flange 31, as shown in Figure 10. The small fixed lights F may therefore be secured in place with putty in the conventional fashion against these glass flanges. V I

The addition of the filter strip 7 somewhat complicates the junction between the combination meeting rail 4 and filler strip 7 and the window frame. Figure 12 is a perspective view of this junction showing how the flange 40 of the meeting rail and the flange 71 of the filler strip are cut back so that their ends butt against the edge of the frame bar glass flange 10. As in the joint between the meeting rail and frame bar previously described, a groove is formed in the jamb of the frame bar to receive a tenon 45 formed on the endof the meeting rail. The remainder of the meeting rail end and of the filler strip end to a depth equal to the width of the frame bar jainb are cut back to abut against the jamb surface. Outwardly of this portion the meeting rail and-filler strip project farther to extend across the ledge 13 to abut the step 14. The extreme outer portion of the meeting rail, including the drip rib 42, then extends past this step to abut the side ofthe molding 12. The horizontal sectional view of Figure 13 shows this joint in plan.

Since all the frame bars of this window unit are alike, as in the window unit of Figure 1, all adjacent bars are mitered at the corners, and in Figure 14 the corner joint for the frame bars, as used both in the window unit of Figure 8 and of Figure l, is illustrated in an exploded view seen from the outer side of the window. Preferably a complemental stepped tongue-and-groove construction is used to locate the adjoining frame bar ends so that their inner and outer surfaces will be in perfect planar registry. Thus a tongue 23 formed on one mitered end of a frame bar will fit in the groove 24 in the end 'of the abutting frame bar. Conversely, the end of the spline secured to the first frame bar has a groove 25 to receive the tongue 26 formed on the end of the spline secured to the frame bar having in its end the groove 24.

When the mitered ends of the frame bar and spline assemblies are moved directly together, the tongue 23 will be inserted into the groove 24, and the spline tongue 26 simultaneously will be inserted into the spline groove 25. To insure movement of these miter ends toward each other inadirection perpendicular to the mitered surfaces, the metal pins 27 and 28 are fixed in one of the frame bar ends projecting from it perpendicular to its mitered surface. In the other frame bar end are holes 27and 28 extending perpendicular to the mitered end surface of its end to receive the pins 27 and 28, respectively.' These pins serve thetriple function of guide pins during assembly, of locating means supplementing the 10 tongue-and-groove structure described and of seeming and strengthening means interconnecting the frame ends to form a strong joint.

While the window unit shown in Figure 8 can be installed in building structures of various types, suchas the frame construction shown in Figure 2, Figure 9 shows this window unit in a brick veneer type of construction. In this instance the sheathing S extendsto the margins of the window opening, covering the header H, the cripples at the side of the window, and the sill plate beneath the window. The splines 2 integral with the frame bars are then secured to the exterior of the sheathing by the nails, after which the brick veneer B is applied around the window, and against the splines or nailing strip or nailing flange 2, so that such brick veneer will be spaced from the sheathing S, in the usual fashion.

While in both the window of Figure 1 and that of Figure 8 the ventilating sashes have been shown hinged to enable their lower edges to swing outward, such sashes may alternatively be designed and hinged to enable their upper edges to swing inwardly. Such a ventilating sash is illustrated in Figures 15, 16 and 17. In this instance the top vent bar 3 again will be of T section, and the bottom vent bar will be of 2 section. In this instance, however, the side vent bars will be of T-shaped section instead of Z -shape as in the outwardly opening sashes of Figures 3 and 10. V

While the upper vent bar seals against the meeting rail 4 as shown in Figure 15 in the same manner as previously described, except that the lower edge of the flange 40 is removed to enable the upper edge of the window to swing inward, and while the lower Z-shaped vent bar will seal against the glass flange and the ledge 13 as before, special provision must be made for seating of the vent bars along the sides of the sash. Because the sash swings inward provision must be made for inwardly facing ledges which the outer surfaces of the vent bar, and its flange at each side of the sash may abut. Such surfaces may be afforded by applying to the frame bar along the ventilating opening frame sides a filler strip 7 of the type previously'described in connection with Figures 11 and 12 as being applied to the under side of themeeting rail 4. The rib 70 of this filler strip, as shown in Figure 16, overlaps the ledge 13, and its outer face lies flush with the step 14. Its step 72 affords a space for reception of the vent bar flange 31 and the flange 71 of the filler strip, in the'previously described type of installation serving as a glassflange, constitutes a flange for abutment of the outer surface of the vent bar 3. This filler strip may be secured to the frame bar with waterproof glue, such as phenolformaldehyde, in the manner previously described in connection with securing the splines to the frame bars 1, so that the filler strip form integral parts of the frame bars.

As shown in Figures 16 and 17, the'hinge again is installed between the window frame as supplemented by the filler strip 7 and the adjacent vent bar. The hinge used is of the same type as that previously described in connection with the outwardly swinging ventilating sashes of the window units shown in Figures 1 and 8, and may be identical in' construction, but in this application a somewhat modified hinge structureis disclosed.

Instead of the strap 6 secured to the edge of the ventilating sash in a groove, a short plate 6' is applied in a recess in the side face of the ventilating sash, so that the link 61 may swing alongside this face and close to it. Such link is pivotally connected to the plate 6' by the pivot 66 as before. The opposite end of this link is connected by the pivot 65 to a strap 60' which differs from the strap 60 of the previously described hinge construction by being ofchannel shape. This entire channel element is then received in a groove in the filler strip 7, as shown in Figure 16. The pivot 63,'which slides in slot 62 of this strap, is carried by a separate plate 67 recessed the lower edge of the vent instead of this pivot:

1 1 support and the-support for pivot 66 being on the same element. The fia'nges of the channel strap '60" are wide enough to provide a recess for accommodating the head of pivot pin 63, as shown in Figure 16.

Whichever :type of binge structure is used, the pins 63 defining the axis about which the ventilating sash swings again should be substantially along the edge of the sash opposite its swinging edge and may be spaced slightly from the sash, but such spacing should be small. With the-hinge axis thus located the sash -will swing from its closedposition shown in full linesin. Figure 15 to the inwardly swung position shown-in broken lines, during which movement the lower edge of the sash has not moved either inward -or outward appreciably. Such loweredge cannot-move outward because the side vent bars, as shown in -Figurelo, abut the filler strip 7 at two locations and cannot move outwardly. Moreover, the lower vent bar-cannot move inwardappreciably because of its abutment with the ledge .13 and glass flange 10 of the frame bar. tiallyat the lower edge of the sash, therefore, the lower vent bar will primarily t-ilt about the lower sash edge and rise to avoid conflicting-engagement with the lowerframe bar.

In the window of-Figures 18, 1'9 and 20, illustrating a somewhat diiferent type of window unit in which the principles of the present invention maybe used, filler strips 7 again areused in conjunction with the frame bars 1 along the vertical sides of the window in the manner describedin connection withFig. 16, even though in this instance theNentiIating sashes do not swing inwardly. In this instance the central pane of the window is fixed, while the smallerpane at each side is hinged to swing By locating the pivot axis substanabout its-edge-adjacent to the vertical frame bar, so that in Figure 1 and a vent bar of'Z-shape as in that figure in each instance. The only difference, therefore, is that in the window of Figure 18 the T-shaped vent bar at the'hinged side of the window will cooperate with the filler strip 7 instead of with the meeting rail 4 as shown in Figure-2. The'portions'of the elements 4 and 7 engaged by the outer side of the T section vent bar and by its flange, however, arecomparable, so that again thesash is sealed at two spaced locations on all four sides. Moreover, the action of the easement type ventilating sashes in Figure 18 and Figure 20-Will be the same 'a's that of theawning type'window of Figure 1, the pivot axis of such casement sashes being located substantially coincident with the sash edge.

I-n' the window of Figure 18 the joints between the frame-bars and between the muntins and frame bars are the-same as described in connection with the window units of Figures l-and8, and consequently no further description of these details should be necessary. Also, the assembly of the frame bars and the splines and the installation of the window unit in a rough opening for different types of building structure is the same as in the'other windows'discussed and need not be explained in detail.

In Figures 21 to 25, inclusive, still another type of window unit is shown;incorporating the generalfeatures of the invention. Again the frame bars on all foursides of the "wind-ow are alike and are mitered at'thecorners with a jointlike that shown in Figure-14. -In this instance, however, as illustrated in Figure 24, the window unit is shown installed in a concrete block'wi'ndow openings #For that reason the-splines 2" secured in the grooves 15 ofthe frame b'a'rs :1 are "both thinner and narrower than the splines 2 utilized in the windows described above, so that these splines can be received in the grooves G of the concrete blocks 0, as shown in Figure 24. Thus these 'splinesw'ould be one-half inch thick instead of three-quarters of an inch, for example, and would be three-quarters of' an inch .or an inch wide instead of being two in'chesor two and one-quarter inches wide. Consequently, when the splines "are fitted into the concrete block grooves, ample clearance is'afforded'to set the window squarely in place despite inaccuracies in the laying of concrete blocks, and grout can then be filled in the spacebetween the splines and concrete blocks.

"Preferably these special dimension splines are set in the frame bar grooves 15 during the manufacture of the window uni't,-so that such unit will be adapted specially for concrete wall or concreteblock wallconstruction. It is possible, however, to trim a window-unit of the type shown in Figures 1, 8 or 18, for installation in a concrete block wall-or a concrete wall by trimming the spline 2 both in width and thickness'like the spline 2 of Figures 22,23 and 24.

It will'be noted that the frame'bar 1 need not be made specially to receive the smaller spline because this groove is narrower than'the portion of the spline 2 projecting beyond the frame barinthewindows of Figures 1 and 8 for example. "Particularly in a window to be set in a concrete'or concrete block wall, however, it 'is frequently desirable to have a more 'sturdyor massive appearance than to obtain a pleasing architectural effect in a window for a frame building wall. Thus the window shown in Figure 21 is what may be called a sight-line window.

The massiveness of the window frame and muntin construction couldyof course, be secured by using special heavy-section frame-and muntin bar stock. The same effect can, however, be obtained by utilizing the same molding shapes as discussed previously in connection with the other windows. Moreover, in such a sight-line window the appearance of the ventilating sash or sashes V will be substantially the same as the fixed lights F by reason of the special fraine and muntin assembly structure.

In the four-light Window of Figure 21 the horizontal division bar of the window utilizes the meeting rail 4 wherea ventilating sash is provided in the lower portion of the window. The upper two fixed lights F are of like construction, but instead of theglass pane beingset directly against the glass flanges of the frame bar, meeting rail and muntin, as described previously, the bordering structure of these windows is made more massive-by fitting the window glass in a subordinate frame formed of z-section elements -5. Since these elements are all of the same shape, the corners of this subordinate frame may be mitered. The'outer margins of the inner face of these frame elements will then seat against the glass flanges of the frame bar, meeting rail and upright muntin. The perimetral flange of this subordinate frame-then seats against the ledge 13 of the frame bar 1 on two sides, the outer surface of the step 41 of the meeting railand the outer surface of the T-shaped muntin 3.- The latter engagement is'shown in the upper portion of the perspective view,Figure 25. These subordinate frames for the fixed lights may be secured to the members which they engage with waterproofglue, such as thermosetting phenolformaldehyde to make a permanent, weatherproof bond.

Not only does this special construction described afford a more massive appearance to the window structure, but the glass pane is set outward by the thickness of the Z- bar flange 51'. Consequently, the glass panes in the fixed lights are in precisely the same plane as the glass in the vent V, which further contributes to the uniformity of appearance. 1

Beneath the meeting rail 4 the subordinate frames have side and bottom elements of z shaped section, but the top lemCIltS'lI1"-8.Ch instance are formed of a T-shaped gara es element 3, as shown in Figures 22 and 23. The lower fixed light at the right of Figure 21 will be slightly larger than the ventilating sash at the lower left of this figure, as will be seen by a comparison of Figures 22 and 23. The subordinate frame for the fixed sash will be of a size to fit snugly between the vertical muntin and the vertical frame side at the right, and between the meeting rail at the top and the frame at the bottom. The elements of this subordinate frame may be secured to the main frame members in permanent waterproof fashion like the upper fixed lights by the use of waterproof thermosetting phenolformaldehyde glue, for example.

The ventilating sash V at the lower left of Figure 21 will, as shown best in Figure 22, have reasonable clearance between its perimeter and the adjacent window frame, meeting rail and muntin elements to prevent sticking of the sash under all humidity conditions. This sash may be supported for outward swinging of its lower edge by hinges mounted one at each vertical side of the ventilating opening frame, as described in connection with the window of Figure 1.

Figure 25 shows in detail the junction between the vertical muntins and the meeting rail. As in the construction of the Figure 1 window shown in Figure 4, the step 41 of the meeting rail is grooved to received a tenon 36 on the lower end of the muntin 3, and the underside of the meeting rail is grooved transversely from its longitudinal groove 43 outward to receive a tongue 36' on the upper end of the lower muntin 3. Again, as in the construction shown in Figure 4, the flange 40 of the meeting rail extends continuously from side to side of the window frame, the flanges 31 of the muntins being cut back so that their ends abut the sides of the meeting rail flange 40.

After the window has been set in place and the grooves G around the splines 2' filled with grout, the plaster P may be applied to cover the wall and finish against the inner face of the window frame rib 18. Other details of construction of this window unit are similar to those utilized in the window units previously described, so that it should not be necessary to repeat that description.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a wooden window structure, the combination of a window frame defining a rectangular ventilating opening and a swinging rectangular ventilating sash adapted to close such opening, said ventilating sash having planar opposite faces and comprising three similar sash edge members each having two sealing surfaces spaced apart transversely of the ventilating sash and both facing in one direction transversely of the ventilating sash, such sealing surfaces of said three similar sash edge members being disposed respectively coplanar in first parallel planes one of which is one face plane of said ventilating sash, and said ventilating sash further comprising a fourth sash edge member parallel to and adjacent to the axis of swing of r the ventilating sash, having two sealing surfaces spaced apart transversely of the ventilating sash, facing in the direction transversely of the ventilating sash opposite the direction in which said sealing surfaces of said three similar sash edge members face and disposed respectively in second parallel planes one of which is the opposite face plane of said ventilating sash, and said window frame comprising three members, each having two sealing surfaces spaced apart transversely of the windowframe a distance equal to the spacing of said sealing surfaces of said three similar sash edge members, facing in the direction transversely of the window frame opposite that in which said sealing surfaces of said three similar sash edge members face, disposed respectively coplanar in planes parallel to the window frame and coinciding respectively and adjacent to the axis of swing of the ventilating sash, having two sealing surfaces spaced apart transversely of the window frame a distance equal to the spacing of said sealing surfaces of said fourth sash edge member, facing in the direction transversely of the window frame opposite that in which said sealing surfaces of said fourth sash edge member face when the ventilating sash is closed, disposed respectively in planes parallel to the window frame and coinciding respectively with said second parallel planes when the ventilating sash is closed, and sealingly engageable respectively by said sealing surfaces of said fourth sash edge member when said ventilating sash is .closed.

2. In a wooden window structure, the combination of a window frame defining a rectangular ventilating opening and a swinging rectangular ventilating sash adapted to close such opening, said ventilating sash having planar opposite faces and comprising three similar sash edge members each having two sealing surfaces spaced apart transversely of the ventilating sash and both facing in one direction transversely of the ventilating sash, such sealing surfaces of said three similar sash edge members being disposed respectively coplanar in first parallel planes one of which is one face plane of said ventilating sash, and said ventilating sash further comprising a fourth sash edge member parallel to and adjacent to the axis of swing of the ventilating sash, having a sealing surface facing in the direction transversely of the ventilating sash opposite the direction in which said sealing surfaces of said three similar sash'edge members face and disposed in the opposite face plane of said ventilating sash, and said window frame comprising three members, each having two sealing surfaces spaced apart transversely of the window frame a distance equal to the spacing of said sealing surfaces of said three similar sash edge members, facing in the direction transversely of the window frame opposite that in which said sealing surfaces of said three similar sash edge members face, disposed respectively coplanar in planes parallel to the window frame and coinciding respectively with said first parallel planes when the ventilating sash is closed, and sealingly engageable respectively by said sealing surfaces of said three similar sash edge members when said ventilating sash is closed, and said window frame further comprising a fourth member parallel to and adjacent to the axis of swing of the ventilating sash, having a sealing surface facing in the direction transversely of the window frame opposite that in which said sealing surface of said fourth sash edge member faces when the ventilating sash is closed, disposed in a plane parallel to the window frame and coinciding with said opposite face plane of said ventilating sash when the ventilating sash is closed, and sealingly engageable by said sealing sur face of said fourth sash edge member when said ventilating sash is closed.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 828,513 Schaetzke Aug. 14, 1906 1,444,223 Tuomi Feb. 6, 1923 1,538,025 Comerford et al May 19, 1925 1,648,584 Gaudard Nov. 8, 1927 1,735,048 Lasker Nov. 12, 1929 1,745,016 Jorss Jan. 28, 1930 1,749,666 Fennessy Mar. 4, 1930 1,922,741 Miller Aug. 15, 1933 1,935,037 Madsen Nov. 14, 1933 1,948,152 Zimmerman Feb. 20, 1934 1,959,941 Wiley May 22, 1934 2,361,375 Adams Oct. 31, 1944 2,400,009 Kuyper May 7, 1946 2,403,565 Triller July 9, 1946 2,642,967 Somerstein June 23, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 82,975 Sweden Mar. 26, 1935

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