US2818337A - Titanium alloys - Google Patents
Titanium alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2818337A US2818337A US644433A US64443357A US2818337A US 2818337 A US2818337 A US 2818337A US 644433 A US644433 A US 644433A US 64443357 A US64443357 A US 64443357A US 2818337 A US2818337 A US 2818337A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- alloys
- carbon
- silicon
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031070 response to heat Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to alloys of titanium and has particular reference to alloys consisting of titanium, carbon and silicon, alone, or in combination with another element, to form a quaternary alloy with titanium predominating.
- This application is a divisional application of Serial No. 382,183, filed September 4, 1953, now Patent No. 2,786,756, dated March 26, 1957, which in turn is a division of application Ser. No. 138,516, filed January 13, 1950, now Patent No. 2,661,286, dated December 1, 1953.
- An object of the present invention is to provide wrought, ductile alloys of titanium.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a wrought, ductile alloy of titanium, carbon and silicon.
- Still another object of the invention is to provide quaternary alloys of titanium.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide alloys of titanium consisting of titanium, carbon and silicon having greater resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures than pure titanium and exhibiting good hardness characteristics thereof.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an alloy of titanium consisting of titanium, carbon and silicon and any one of the following elements: aluminum, copper, vanadium, chromium, boron, tungsten and iron.
- Yet another object of the invention contemplates a method of preparing quaternary alloys of titanium consisting of the ternary alloys of carbon, silicon and titanium, to which is added an element from the group; aluminum, copper, chromium, vanadium, boron, tungsten or iron.
- the invention in another of its aspects, relates to the novel features and principles teaching the objects of the invention and to the novel principles employed herein whether or not these features and principles may be used in said object or in said field.
- alloys of titanium, silicon and carbon with titanium predominating as a ternary alloy, or as an alloy to which may be added another element such as aluminum, chromium, copper, vanadium, boron, tungsten or iron provides a resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures greater than that of pure titanium.
- Such alloys provide ductile, strong alloys of titanium and exhibit good corrosion resistance and high hardness characteristics at elevated temperatures.
- These alloys are usually manufactured by melting and casting in a graphite retort under an inert or neutral atmosphere; for example, argon, or in a vacuum. Further, the alloys may also be prepared by powder metallurgy methods.
- alloys containing .1% to 10% silicon, .2% to 2% carbon with the balance titanium, as compared to pure titanium are characterized by having a higher tensile strength, equivalent ductility, slightly higher electrical resistivity, much .992% S111- .477% Car: con-.47% bon-B al- Carbonlance Tita- Balance nium Titanium Ultimate Tensile Strength 105, 000 121, 500 Elongation in 2-.. 12. 5 12. 5 Resistivity X1O- 76.5 10-
- alloys, such as above are characterized by a unique response to heat treatment.
- the ternary alloys formed of titanium, silicon and carbon may be combined with one of the elements: aluminum, copper, chromium, vanadium, boron or tungsten to form quaternary alloys.
- an alloy consisting of titanium, copper, silicon and carbon exhibits the characteristics recited previously for the above alloys; i. e., ductility, high resistance to oxidation, better corrosion resistance, higher hardness, etc.
- alloys titanium, copper, silicon and carbon
- the alloys may be manufactured by melting and casting under an inert or neutral atmosphere (for example, argon) er in a vacuum.
- the alloys may also be prepared by powder metallurgy methods. A preferred method would thus consist in mixing copper and silicon, in massive or powder form, with titanium in sponge or powder form and melting and casting in graphite.
- the source of the carbon is the crucible and the amount is easily controlled by varying the time that the charge is molten.
- the alloys are preferably forged in air at temperatures between 300 C. and 900 C. but may be hot or cold worked by the usual methods known to the art.
- the quaternary alloys of titanium, copper, silicon and carbon, herein described, may be made containing small but significant amounts of copper, silicon and carbon: for example, up to 10% copper; up to 10% silicon; and up to 2% carbon with the balance being titanium.
- the lower limit for these alloys is 0.1% copper; 0.1% silicon; 0.1% carbon and the balance titanium.
- a practical range of composition may be 1% to 5% copper; 0.5% to 3% silicon; 0.3% to 0.7% carbon and the balance titanium.
- Such alloys prepared by this invention have the following minimum properties:
- The-following chart is useful in depicting the constituents of theabove described alloys.
- a basic ternary alloy consists of from .1% to 10% 4. Alloys as described in claim 3 characterized by hardsilicon; from .2% to 2% carbon with the remainder being nose at elevated temperatures up to 600 C. in excess of substantially all titanium.
- an alloy, according to this invention may be fabricated of titanium, silicon, carbon and copper. In such an alloy, silicon and copper each may be present in amounts up to 10%; carbon up to 2%; with the remainder thereof being titanium.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
United States Patent TITANIUM ALLOYS Earl F. Swazy, Richard H. Freyer, and Lee S. Busch, Indianapolis, Ind., assignors, by mesne assignments, to Mallory-Sharon Titanium Corporation, Indianapolis, Ind., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application September 4, 1953, Serial No. 382,183, now Patent No. 2,786,756, dated March 26, 1957, which is a division of application Serial No. 138,516, January 13, 1950, now Patent No. 2,661,286, dated December 1, 1953. Divided and this application February 15, 1957, Serial No. 644,433 g 4 Claims. (Cl. 7 175.5)
This invention relates generally to alloys of titanium and has particular reference to alloys consisting of titanium, carbon and silicon, alone, or in combination with another element, to form a quaternary alloy with titanium predominating. This application is a divisional application of Serial No. 382,183, filed September 4, 1953, now Patent No. 2,786,756, dated March 26, 1957, which in turn is a division of application Ser. No. 138,516, filed January 13, 1950, now Patent No. 2,661,286, dated December 1, 1953. I
An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide wrought, ductile alloys of titanium.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a wrought, ductile alloy of titanium, carbon and silicon.
Still another object of the invention is to provide quaternary alloys of titanium.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide alloys of titanium consisting of titanium, carbon and silicon having greater resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures than pure titanium and exhibiting good hardness characteristics thereof.
Another object of the invention is to provide an alloy of titanium consisting of titanium, carbon and silicon and any one of the following elements: aluminum, copper, vanadium, chromium, boron, tungsten and iron.
Yet another object of the invention contemplates a method of preparing quaternary alloys of titanium consisting of the ternary alloys of carbon, silicon and titanium, to which is added an element from the group; aluminum, copper, chromium, vanadium, boron, tungsten or iron.
The invention, in another of its aspects, relates to the novel features and principles teaching the objects of the invention and to the novel principles employed herein whether or not these features and principles may be used in said object or in said field.
It is found that alloys of titanium, silicon and carbon with titanium predominating as a ternary alloy, or as an alloy to which may be added another element such as aluminum, chromium, copper, vanadium, boron, tungsten or iron provides a resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures greater than that of pure titanium. Such alloys provide ductile, strong alloys of titanium and exhibit good corrosion resistance and high hardness characteristics at elevated temperatures. These alloys are usually manufactured by melting and casting in a graphite retort under an inert or neutral atmosphere; for example, argon, or in a vacuum. Further, the alloys may also be prepared by powder metallurgy methods. Thus, as an example, alloys containing .1% to 10% silicon, .2% to 2% carbon with the balance titanium, as compared to pure titanium, are characterized by having a higher tensile strength, equivalent ductility, slightly higher electrical resistivity, much .992% S111- .477% Car: con-.47% bon-B al- Carbonlance Tita- Balance nium Titanium Ultimate Tensile Strength 105, 000 121, 500 Elongation in 2-.. 12. 5 12. 5 Resistivity X1O- 76.5 10- Moreover, alloys, such as above, are characterized by a unique response to heat treatment. Upon quenching from 1000" C., these alloys do not harden appreciably (most alloys of titanium which contain metals forming stable carbides do harden on quenching). However, as the tensile strength is lowered to 113,500 p. s. i., the elongationincreases to 16.5%. In the as forged condition, the hardness at 600 C. increases from 0 Rockwell A to 32 Rockwell A when quenched. These changes are apparently caused by the presence of large amount of B titanium (body centered cubic) which is not transformed to a on fast cooling from 1000 C.
Again, in resistance to scaling tests at 900 C., an alloy containing 992% silicon was three times as effective as that for titanium containing .47% carbon. The results revealed a .536% increase in weight for the silicon alloy and 1.89% for the titanium alloy containing carbon only.
As stated, the ternary alloys formed of titanium, silicon and carbon may be combined with one of the elements: aluminum, copper, chromium, vanadium, boron or tungsten to form quaternary alloys. Thus, such an alloy consisting of titanium, copper, silicon and carbon exhibits the characteristics recited previously for the above alloys; i. e., ductility, high resistance to oxidation, better corrosion resistance, higher hardness, etc.
These alloys (titanium, copper, silicon and carbon) may be manufactured by melting and casting under an inert or neutral atmosphere (for example, argon) er in a vacuum. The alloys may also be prepared by powder metallurgy methods. A preferred method would thus consist in mixing copper and silicon, in massive or powder form, with titanium in sponge or powder form and melting and casting in graphite. The source of the carbon is the crucible and the amount is easily controlled by varying the time that the charge is molten. The alloys are preferably forged in air at temperatures between 300 C. and 900 C. but may be hot or cold worked by the usual methods known to the art.
The quaternary alloys of titanium, copper, silicon and carbon, herein described, may be made containing small but significant amounts of copper, silicon and carbon: for example, up to 10% copper; up to 10% silicon; and up to 2% carbon with the balance being titanium. The lower limit for these alloys is 0.1% copper; 0.1% silicon; 0.1% carbon and the balance titanium. A practical range of composition may be 1% to 5% copper; 0.5% to 3% silicon; 0.3% to 0.7% carbon and the balance titanium.
Such alloys prepared by this invention have the following minimum properties:
The-following chart is useful in depicting the constituents of theabove described alloys.
A'lloy table While the present invention as to its objects is merely illustrative and not exhaustive in scope and since many widely difierent embodiments of the invention may be made Without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
1. Alloys containing from 0.1% to 10% copper, from 0.1% to 5% silicon, from 0.1% to 2% carbon, and the balance being substantially all titanium.
2. Alloys containing from 0.1% to 10% copper, from 0.1% to 5% silicon; from 0.1% to 2% carbon and the balance being substantially all titanium, said alloys being quench hardenable and susceptible to precipitation heat treatment.
Anny Ti Si C, 3. Alloys of titauiumas in claim 2 having the followpercent percent percent 111g minimum propert1es:
(1) Ti, Si, o 99. 7-88 .110 .2-2 AS (3) Ti, S1, O on 99. 7-78 1-10 1-2 1- 10%Cl1 Quenchgd As Hot tromtiQO Forged C. to Thus, it is seen that by the present invention primary, 1,100- 0. ductile, ternary alloys of titanium, silicon and carbon may be formed presenting characteristics substantially Ultimate Tensile Strength .p. s. 1-. 125,000 150,009 f t t Elongation in 2 peroent 8 3 supeilorto pure t1tar1ium 1n matters 0 resis ance o OX1 a- Modulus f Elasmltynfl mp, in m lsxmt tion, resistance to corrosion and high hardness. In add1- Electrical Reslstlvity X tion, these ternary alloys may be combined with copper. Thus, a basic ternary alloy consists of from .1% to 10% 4. Alloys as described in claim 3 characterized by hardsilicon; from .2% to 2% carbon with the remainder being nose at elevated temperatures up to 600 C. in excess of substantially all titanium. Again, an alloy, according to this invention may be fabricated of titanium, silicon, carbon and copper. In such an alloy, silicon and copper each may be present in amounts up to 10%; carbon up to 2%; with the remainder thereof being titanium.
those of titanium containing carbon only or of pure tita nium.
No references cited.
Claims (1)
1. ALLOYS CONTAINING FROM 0.1% TO COPPER, FROM 0.1% TO 5% SILICON, FROM 0.1% TO 2% CARBON, AND THE BALANCE BEING SUBSTANTIALLY ALL TITANIUM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US644433A US2818337A (en) | 1957-02-15 | 1957-02-15 | Titanium alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US644433A US2818337A (en) | 1957-02-15 | 1957-02-15 | Titanium alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2818337A true US2818337A (en) | 1957-12-31 |
Family
ID=24584879
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US644433A Expired - Lifetime US2818337A (en) | 1957-02-15 | 1957-02-15 | Titanium alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2818337A (en) |
-
1957
- 1957-02-15 US US644433A patent/US2818337A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
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