US2810640A - Master alloys containing rare earth metals - Google Patents
Master alloys containing rare earth metals Download PDFInfo
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- US2810640A US2810640A US504653A US50465355A US2810640A US 2810640 A US2810640 A US 2810640A US 504653 A US504653 A US 504653A US 50465355 A US50465355 A US 50465355A US 2810640 A US2810640 A US 2810640A
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- rare earth
- earth metals
- metal
- metals
- titanium
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 57
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 56
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YOJKEQMCJJNSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Si].[Ni] Chemical group [Zr].[Si].[Ni] YOJKEQMCJJNSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
Definitions
- This invention relates to alloys and particularly to an addition alloy for steel and the like metals whereby rare earth metal may be more elfectively incorporated into the matrix metal.
- the use of rare earth metals as an additive to metals matrices has long been known.
- the use of the rare earth metals has, however, been somewhat limited by reason of the relatively low efiicienoy upon addition to the base or matrix material.
- Rare earth metals have generally been added to metal matrices in the form of individual pure rare earth metals or in the form of mixtures such as Misch Metal which is a mixture of rare earth metals in the proportions in which they normally occur in ore bodies.
- the effectiveness of the rare earth metals can be markedly increased by combining them with one or more metals of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium in the form of an addition alloy.
- zirconium, titanium and hafnium may be admixed with the rare earth metals in the following proportions:
- the rare earth metals and one or more members of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium in the above proportions may be and preferably is admixed with a diluent to form an addition alloy which has a high density and other desirable properties set out hereinafter.
- the diluent is a mixture of metals having a high density and a relatively low melting point.
- manganese and nickel in the proportion of about 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part nickel has a high density and a low melting point of about 1750 F.
- the diluent may be iron, manganese, nickel, copper or similar metals either alone or in combination, to which are added a rare earth metal or rare earth metal mixture and one or more of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium.
- the addition alloy of our invention may have the following general composition:
- preferred alloy has the following composition:
- Rare earth metal 10 to 30 Diluent (preferably 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part nickel) Balance ited States Patent Patented Oct. 22, 1957
- the alloy of our invention gives a much greater efficiency than the ordinary miseh metal of commerce, for example, in low alloy steel where the rare earth metals are added for improved impact properties, approximately 1 lb. per ton of ordinary miseh metal was required in order to achieve a minimum of 20 lbs. impact level on a V notch charpy test at minus 40 F. with a Brinell hardness of 500.
- Our new alloy of this invention consisting of 45% manganese, 30% nickel, 20% miseh metal and 5% zirconium, required a total alloy addition of 1 lb. per ton or only 0.2 lb. per ton of rare earth metal. In short, we are able to obtain an identical result with the use of only /5 as much rare earth metal as has been required in the past.
- the titanium, zirconium or hafnium appears to flux out residual dirt which sometimes occurs when rare earth metals are used in steel under unfavorable conditions and which has been a deterrent to the use of rare earth metals.
- Misch metal is the term comm-only used in the industry for a mixture of rare earth metals produced by reduction from naturally occurring rare earth ores and contains an admixture of various rare earth metals in the approximate proportions in which they occur in the ore.
- the most common rare earth metals are cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium and these metals are the principal constituents of misch metal.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of a mixture of about 25% to 93% rare earth metals and about 7% to 75% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium all incorporated in a suflicient amount of metal diluent of high density compatible with the metal bath to form a mixture whose density is greater than the bath.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of a mix- .ture of about 45% to 93% rare earth metals and about 7% to 55% of one or more metals selected from 'the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium allincorporated in a sufiicient amount of metal diluent of high density compatible with the metal bath to form a mixture whose density is greater than the bath.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance a metal diluent of high density compatible with the metal bath.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 10% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance a metal diluent selected from the group manganese, nickel, copper and iron and mixtures thereof.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 25% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance made up of manganese and nickel in the proportions of 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part of nickel.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 12% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance made up of manganese and nickel in the proportions of about 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part of nickel.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 20% misch metal, 5% zirconium, 30% nickel and 45% manganese.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 20% misch metal, 5% titanium, 30% nickel and 45% manganese.
- the method of adding rare earth metals to a metal bath comprising the steps of forming a molten bath of the metal to be treated, adding to the bath an alloy consisting essentially of about 25% to 93% rare earth metals and about 7% to of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium.
- the method of adding rare earth metals to a metal bath comprising the steps of forming a molten bath of thev metal to be treated, adding to the bath an admixture consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 25% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance metal diluent of high density compatible with the metal bath.
- An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 25 of one or more metals seletced from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance iron.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
MASTER ALLOYS CONTAINING RARE EARTH METALS Wilbur T. Bolkcorn, Allison Park, and William E. Knapp, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignors to American Metallurgical Products (30., Pittsburgh, Pa., a partnership No Drawing. Application April 28, 1955, Serial No. 504,653
13 Claims. (Cl. 75-134) This invention relates to alloys and particularly to an addition alloy for steel and the like metals whereby rare earth metal may be more elfectively incorporated into the matrix metal. The use of rare earth metals as an additive to metals matrices has long been known. The use of the rare earth metals has, however, been somewhat limited by reason of the relatively low efiicienoy upon addition to the base or matrix material. Rare earth metals have generally been added to metal matrices in the form of individual pure rare earth metals or in the form of mixtures such as Misch Metal which is a mixture of rare earth metals in the proportions in which they normally occur in ore bodies.
We have found that the effectiveness of the rare earth metals can be markedly increased by combining them with one or more metals of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium in the form of an addition alloy. We have found that zirconium, titanium and hafnium may be admixed with the rare earth metals in the following proportions:
Percent Rare earth metals 25 to 93 One or more of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium 7 to 75 We have found that the rare earth metals and one or more members of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium in the above proportions may be and preferably is admixed with a diluent to form an addition alloy which has a high density and other desirable properties set out hereinafter. Preferably the diluent is a mixture of metals having a high density and a relatively low melting point. We have found, for example, that manganese and nickel in the proportion of about 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part nickel has a high density and a low melting point of about 1750 F. The diluent, however, may be iron, manganese, nickel, copper or similar metals either alone or in combination, to which are added a rare earth metal or rare earth metal mixture and one or more of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium. Broadly, the addition alloy of our invention may have the following general composition:
Percent One or more of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium 2 to 25 Rare earth metal to 30 Diluent (preferably 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part nickel) Balance Preferably, however, we limited the composition of our addition alloy to a somewhat narrower range. The
preferred alloy has the following composition:
Percent One or more of the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium 2 to 12.
Rare earth metal 10 to 30 Diluent (preferably 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part nickel) Balance ited States Patent Patented Oct. 22, 1957 We have found that the alloy of our invention gives a much greater efficiency than the ordinary miseh metal of commerce, for example, in low alloy steel where the rare earth metals are added for improved impact properties, approximately 1 lb. per ton of ordinary miseh metal was required in order to achieve a minimum of 20 lbs. impact level on a V notch charpy test at minus 40 F. with a Brinell hardness of 500. Our new alloy of this invention consisting of 45% manganese, 30% nickel, 20% miseh metal and 5% zirconium, required a total alloy addition of 1 lb. per ton or only 0.2 lb. per ton of rare earth metal. In short, we are able to obtain an identical result with the use of only /5 as much rare earth metal as has been required in the past.
In stainless steel ordinary unprotected miseh metal gives a recovery of only approximately 50% of the rare earth elements, whereas the use of the present alloy permits recovery between to Several stainless steel heats using miseh metal in one series and the alloy of this invention (consisting of 45% manganese, 30% nickel, 20% miseh metal and 5% zirconium) in the other were prepared and the recovery or rare earth metals determined. The results of this study are set out in Table 1 herein below:
the titanium, zirconium or hafnium, as the case may be, appears to flux out residual dirt which sometimes occurs when rare earth metals are used in steel under unfavorable conditions and which has been a deterrent to the use of rare earth metals.
The effectiveness of rare earth metal additions to a base steel is perhaps most strikingly illustrated by a comparison of V notch charpy tests. A series of samples of a steel having 1.48% manganese, 28% carbon, 35% silicon, .0l5% sulphur, .Oll% phosphorus, .63% chromium, 58% molybdenum, .11% nickel and 002% boron were tested both with the addition of our new alloy, standard rare earth miseh metal, and without the addition of any We have found that the addition alloy of the present invention can be made most successfully by incorporating the titanium, zirconium or hafnium in the form of relatively pure metal such as sponge metal or scrap rather than in the form of their ferro alloys. We have found that the usual ferro titanium, ferro zirconium or nickelsilicon-titanium or nickel-silicon-zirconium form high melting intermetallic components when added to the rare earth metals, so that the recovery is relatively low and is extremely variable. For this reason and other reasons which are apparent from the foregoing disclosure the separate addition of rare earth metals and alloys of zirconium,'titanium or hafnium to the molten bath will not produce the unusual advantages characteristic of the addition alloy of our invention.
When we speak of rare earth metals in this application we have reference to that group of metals having atomic members between 58 and 71 of the periodic table. Misch metal is the term comm-only used in the industry for a mixture of rare earth metals produced by reduction from naturally occurring rare earth ores and contains an admixture of various rare earth metals in the approximate proportions in which they occur in the ore. The most common rare earth metals are cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium and these metals are the principal constituents of misch metal.
We have set out certain preferred compositions of our alloy and have described a preferred method of making the same. It will be understood, however, that the alloy of this invention may be otherwise made and embodied within the scope of the following claims.
We claim:
1. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of a mixture of about 25% to 93% rare earth metals and about 7% to 75% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium all incorporated in a suflicient amount of metal diluent of high density compatible with the metal bath to form a mixture whose density is greater than the bath. 2. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of a mix- .ture of about 45% to 93% rare earth metals and about 7% to 55% of one or more metals selected from 'the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium allincorporated in a sufiicient amount of metal diluent of high density compatible with the metal bath to form a mixture whose density is greater than the bath.
3. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance a metal diluent of high density compatible with the metal bath.
4. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 10% of one or w into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 25 of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance a metal diluent selected from the group manganese, nickel, copper and iron and mixtures thereof.
6. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 10% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance a metal diluent selected from the group manganese, nickel, copper and iron and mixtures thereof.
7. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 25% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance made up of manganese and nickel in the proportions of 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part of nickel.
8. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 12% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance made up of manganese and nickel in the proportions of about 1 /2 parts of manganese to 1 part of nickel.
9. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 20% misch metal, 5% zirconium, 30% nickel and 45% manganese.
10. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 20% misch metal, 5% titanium, 30% nickel and 45% manganese.
11. The method of adding rare earth metals to a metal bath comprising the steps of forming a molten bath of the metal to be treated, adding to the bath an alloy consisting essentially of about 25% to 93% rare earth metals and about 7% to of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium.
12. The method of adding rare earth metals to a metal bath comprising the steps of forming a molten bath of thev metal to be treated, adding to the bath an admixture consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 25% of one or more metals selected from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance metal diluent of high density compatible with the metal bath.
13. An addition alloy for incorporating rare earth metals into a metal bath consisting essentially of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals, about 2% to 25 of one or more metals seletced from the group zirconium, titanium and hafnium and the balance iron.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,023,208 Lesmuller Apr. 16, 1912 2,642,358 Kent June 16, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 488,322 Great Britain July 5, 1938 498,599 Belgium Feb. 1, 1951
Claims (1)
- 4. AN ADDITION ALLOY FOR INCORPORATING RARE EARTH METALS INTO A METAL BATH CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 10% TO 30% RARE EARTH METALS, ABOUT 2% TO 10% OF ONE OR MORE METALS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP ZIRCONIUM. TITANIUM AND HAFNIUM AND THE BALANCE A METAL DILUENT OF HIGH DENSITY COMPATIBLE WITH THE METAL BATH
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US504653A US2810640A (en) | 1955-04-28 | 1955-04-28 | Master alloys containing rare earth metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US504653A US2810640A (en) | 1955-04-28 | 1955-04-28 | Master alloys containing rare earth metals |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2810640A true US2810640A (en) | 1957-10-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US504653A Expired - Lifetime US2810640A (en) | 1955-04-28 | 1955-04-28 | Master alloys containing rare earth metals |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3163744A (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1964-12-29 | United Aircraft Corp | Non-consumable arc-melting and arc-welding electrodes |
| DE1242986B (en) * | 1960-12-26 | 1967-06-22 | Kazuji Kusaka | Additional alloy for use in welding and steel manufacture |
| US3446615A (en) * | 1967-05-11 | 1969-05-27 | Iit Res Inst | Hafnium base alloys |
| US3505064A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1970-04-07 | Atomic Energy Commission | Hafnium alloy |
| US3515543A (en) * | 1965-12-02 | 1970-06-02 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Hafnium alloys |
| US3515544A (en) * | 1965-12-02 | 1970-06-02 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Hafnium alloys |
| FR2364972A1 (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1978-04-14 | Inco Europ Ltd | ALLOYS FOR THE PROCESSING OF MELTED METAL |
| US4221613A (en) * | 1978-02-03 | 1980-09-09 | Namiki Precision Jewel Co., Ltd. | Rare earth-cobalt system permanent magnetic alloys and method of preparing same |
| US5200004A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-04-06 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | High strength, light weight Ti-Y composites and method of making same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE498599A (en) * | ||||
| US1023208A (en) * | 1908-12-30 | 1912-04-16 | Ludwig Weiss | Process for the production of pyrophorous substances for ignition and illumination. |
| GB488322A (en) * | 1937-04-29 | 1938-07-05 | Leonard Bessemer Pfeil | Improvements in the alloying of metals |
| US2642358A (en) * | 1949-09-20 | 1953-06-16 | Kent Paula | Cerium base alloy |
-
1955
- 1955-04-28 US US504653A patent/US2810640A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE498599A (en) * | ||||
| US1023208A (en) * | 1908-12-30 | 1912-04-16 | Ludwig Weiss | Process for the production of pyrophorous substances for ignition and illumination. |
| GB488322A (en) * | 1937-04-29 | 1938-07-05 | Leonard Bessemer Pfeil | Improvements in the alloying of metals |
| US2642358A (en) * | 1949-09-20 | 1953-06-16 | Kent Paula | Cerium base alloy |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1242986B (en) * | 1960-12-26 | 1967-06-22 | Kazuji Kusaka | Additional alloy for use in welding and steel manufacture |
| US3163744A (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1964-12-29 | United Aircraft Corp | Non-consumable arc-melting and arc-welding electrodes |
| US3505064A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1970-04-07 | Atomic Energy Commission | Hafnium alloy |
| US3515543A (en) * | 1965-12-02 | 1970-06-02 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Hafnium alloys |
| US3515544A (en) * | 1965-12-02 | 1970-06-02 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Hafnium alloys |
| US3446615A (en) * | 1967-05-11 | 1969-05-27 | Iit Res Inst | Hafnium base alloys |
| FR2364972A1 (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1978-04-14 | Inco Europ Ltd | ALLOYS FOR THE PROCESSING OF MELTED METAL |
| US4121924A (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1978-10-24 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Alloy for rare earth treatment of molten metals and method |
| US4221613A (en) * | 1978-02-03 | 1980-09-09 | Namiki Precision Jewel Co., Ltd. | Rare earth-cobalt system permanent magnetic alloys and method of preparing same |
| USRE31317E (en) * | 1978-02-03 | 1983-07-19 | Namiki Precision Jewel Co., Ltd. | Rare earth-cobalt system permanent magnetic alloys and method of preparing same |
| US5200004A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-04-06 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | High strength, light weight Ti-Y composites and method of making same |
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