US2890980A - Anti-static medicated animal feedstuffs - Google Patents

Description

-st tcntO" Charles N. Hotchkiss,,Park Ridge, and Irving Klothen, Paramus, NJ., and John Charles Callahan, Blauvelt, N.Y., assignors to American Cyanamid Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Maine I No Drawing. Application December 2, 1953 Serial No. 395,842

8 claims. Cl. 167-53) invention relates to a finely divided medicament for use in an animal feed, an animal feed containing the medicament, and a method of preparation.

Feedstufis for members of the animal kingdom including. chickens, turkeys, sheep, cattle, etc, have become important commercial items. In preparing such feedstulfs, as for example, a poultry feed, 'it is frequently customary to include various medicaments for the prevention or control of disease, or to increase the rate of growth. Such medicaments are frequentlyused in very small quantifies.

In some instances these medicaments can be toxic if administered in too large a quantity and invariably are not sufficiently potent if administered intoo small a quantity. The uniform blending of the medicaments into the feedstuifcan be a very troublesome problem, particularly if a small quantity of a finely divided material is to be added.

Medicaments such as m,m'dinitrodiphenyldisulphide, sulfa-quinoxaline, other sulfa compounds, 3-nit-ro-4-hydroxy-arsanilic acid, S-nitrofurfural semica-rbazone, riboflavin, and antibiotics such as penicillin, and chlortetra- 'cycline, are frequently fed. These are administered in a subdivided state. The more finely divided the materials, the more subject they are to maintaining an electrostatic charge Which renders uniform blending difficult, if not impossible. In blending fcedstuils it is customary to use mechanical equipment, including conveyors, Weighing tanks, blending drums, centrifugal blenders, and mixers. With finely divided materials which are subject to an electro-static charge there is a tendency for the finely divided particles to agglomerate in the equipment. At certain times an unduly low concentration is obtained because the fine material sticks in the equipment. At the end of a run, or some other time, .an agglomerate is released, and a portion of a batch may be obtained with an undesirably high proportion of the medicament.

For proper therapeutic administration it is necessary that the blending beuniformf In many instances a premix is formed by blending the medicament Withjone or more constituents to form a diluent blend which isthen added to the remaining feedstuifs. .For example, man'- dinitrodiphenyldisulphide is mixed with a nutrient blendin; material such as soybean meal to give a premix which is easier to handle than the concentrated medicament itself and which blends more uniformly. Indispersing extremely small quantities of such a material it is frequently customary to blend the medicament with a diluent and then blend the diluted medicament with the final feedstulf constituents so that the amount of mixing of the final product is reduced. t

The cost of mixing, conveying, and blending, is an appreciable part of the cost of the feedstuffs and by using a medicament whichublends. more rapidly and uniformly, production costs are reduced.

The ease of blending is markedly increased by coating the individual particles of the medicament in their r 2,890,980 Patented June 16, 1959 subdivided state with a non-toxic, water-soluble, surfaceactive material possessing humectant and antistatic properties. Such materials include D-sorbitol, polyoxyethylene tall oil ethanolamide, polyhydric alcohol esters of long chain fatty acids and their polyoxyethylene addition products, stearamido propyl dimethyl beta-hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, polyoxyethylene para-tertiaryoctylphenol, polyoxyethylene tall oil, cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, guanidine soaps, such as guanidine laurate, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, and choline chloride.

These materials are frequently most conveniently utilized in an aqueous solution and may be applied to either the medicament itself or to a blend containing the medicament. From 0.5% to 2% by weight, of solids,

, based on the weight of the medicament or blend to which added, is the preferred concentration. Some of these materials, particularly D-sorbitol and choline chloride, are useful nutrients in their own right. As will be seen, the suitable materials include a large class of surfaceacting agents, including non-ionic, anionic and cationic surface-active agents. For use in feedstuffs the materials must be non-toxic. It is preferred to use those which are nutrients in their own right. D-sorbitol is particularly useful because it is readily obtainable commerically at a very loW price and is easy and convenient to use. It is preferred to apply the material in an aqueous solution, as solvents, raise problems of explosion hazards and expense, although under carefully controlled conditions with due regard for these factors, the materials may be applied in non-aqueous solutions. Preferably, the antistatic and humectant material is a liquid or hygroscopic, as, under such conditions, it is more easy to blend with the feedstufi, and generally most efiective.

From about 0.5% to 2% of the humectant and antistatic material on the surface of the medicament, or material to Which added, is generally sufiicient to prevent static charges accumulating. It is preferred to add the material to the medicament only, as when the humectant and antistatic material is added to a partially mixed premix, larger quantities are required to additionally coat the other materials which are present.

The more finely divided the medicaments, the more apt they are to be susceptible to electrostatic charges, and the purer the materials the more apt they are to be the subject of electrostatic charges. In the subsieve sizes, i.e., those which pass a 360 mesh screen and particularly those in which the size is predominately below microns, the electrostatic charges present a problem.

A glass container of the finely divided medicament may be shaken and by observation it can be seen that the medicament will adhere to the container. A clean, steel spatula can be placed into the material and the static charge will cause the material to adhere to the spatula. Various commercial devices such as the Baldwin-D-unlop Statigun may be used to detect and measure the electrostatic charge.

After blending with the humectant and antistatic material the same test will show the medicament to be entirely free from such charges or to possess such charges to a markedly reduced extent. Additionally, antistatic material coated medicaments are frequently less corrosive than the untreated medicaments. In the ordinary feed mill the problem of corrosion can be quite troublesome, and it is far more economical to use noncorrosive materials than to attempt to use corrosion'resistant materials of construction.

. Example 1 i I 3% by weight of a 50% solution of polyoxyethylene tall oil ethanolamide in water were sprayed upon a 25% mixture of m,mdinitrodipheny1disulphide with soy bean meal in a ribbon mixer. Within a few minutes the mix- Example 2 700' pounds of m,m-'dinitrodiphenyldisulphide were placed in a ribbon type blender and thereto was added 16 pounds of a 50% aqueous D-sorbitol solution 'by spraying fromoverhead nozzles onto the agitated medicament. in approximately 20 minutes the mixture appeared to be homogeneous and uniformly blendedand free from static charges. The coated m,mdinitrodiphenyldisulphide was placediin a cone blender with 1,900 pounds of soy bean meal and found to rapidly and uniformly mix, thereby giving a 25% premix of the m,mdinitrodipheny'ldisulphide ready for blending into animal feeds. Characteristics of a poultry feed containing m,m'dinitrodiphenyldisulphide are described and claimed in US. Patent 2,510,486, to Emanuel Waletzky, entitled Composition for the Control of Coccidiosis.

Example 3 A cone blender had fitted therein a spray nozzle about 6 from the top opening and along the center line of the blender. Into the cone mixer was added, in alternate portions, 650 pounds of m,mdinitrodiphenyldisulphide and 1,850 pounds of soy bean meal. During the loading process 57 pounds of a 50% aqueous solution of D-sorbitol was sprayed into the nozzle. The nozzle was removed, the blender closed, and rotated for 30 minutes. 'It was opened and a uniform dry blend obtained which could be placed in a glass jar and shaken. The mix did not adhere to the glass jar, nor did it adhere to a steel spatula placed therein.

A similar mixture was prepared without D-sorbitol. When placed in a glass jar and shaken it was found to adhere to the glass surface and also to adhere to the surface of a steel spatula.

Example 4 700 pounds of coarse sulfaquinoxaline were placed in a hammermill, and the mill operated to grind it. As it was being ground, 14 pounds of a 50% aqueous D-sorbitol solution was sprayed thereonto. A coated micron ized powder resulted. The ground, coated sulfaquinoxaline was then placed in a cone blender with 1,900 pounds of soy bean meal, tumbled for 10 minutes, and the mixture run through a centrifugal'blender to form a homogeneouspremix.

The exact proportions of the humectant and antistatic material, the blending ratios, and the order of operation may vary over wide limitation, depending upon the equipment and the state of subdivision of the medicament being used in a particular plant. Such variations will be obvious to those skilled in the feed mixing industry.

We claim:

1. A medicated animal feedstuff comprising particles of an animal feed in uniform mixture with particles of a finely divided medicament, said particles of medicament having a particle size which will pass through a 360 mesh screen and being capable of retaining an electrostatic charge, said particles having a thin coating of a non-toxic, water soluble, surface active material possessing humectant and anti-static properties, dispersed as a thin coating on the surface of said particles whereby the development of electrostatic charges on said medicament particles and agglomeration thereof due to said electrostatic charges is avoided.

2. A medicated animal feedstuif comprising particles of an animal feed in uniform mixture with particles of r 4 a finely divided medicament, said particles of medicament having a particle size which will pass through a 360 mesh screen and being capable of retaining an electrostatic charge, said particles having a thin coating of 0.5% to 2.0% of a non-toxic, water soluble, surface active material possessing humectant and antistatic properties dispersed as a thin coating on the surface of said particles whereby the development of electrostatic charges on said medicament particles'and agglomeration thereof due to said electrostatic charges is avoided.

3. A medicated animal feedstuff comprising particles of an animal feed in uniform.mixture with particles of a finely divided medicamenhsaid particles of medicament having a particle size which will pass through a 360 mesh screen and being capable of retaining an electrostatic charge, said particles having a thin coating of a non-toxic, water soluble, surface active material possessing humectant .and anti-static properties selected from the group consisting of D-sorbitol, polyoxyethylene tall oil ethanolamide, polyhydrice alcohol esters of long chain fatty acids and their polyoxyethylene addition products, stearamido propyl dimethyl beta-hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, polyoxyethylene para-tertiary-octylphenol, polyoxyethylene tall oil cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, guanidine soaps and choline chloride.

4. A medicated animal feedstutf comprising particles of an animal feed in uniform mixture with particles of a finely divided medicament selected from the group consisting of m,m'-dinitrodiphenyldisulphide, sulfaquinoxaline, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyarsani1ic acid, 5-nitrofura1 semicarbazone, penicillin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline, said particles of medicament having a particle size which will pass through a 360 mesh screen and being capable of retaining an electrostatic charge, saidparticles having a thin coating of a non-toxic, water soluble, surface active material possessing humectant and anti-static properties dispersed as a thin coating on the surface of said particles whereby the development of electrostatic charges on said medicament particles and agglomeration thereof due to said electrostatic charges is avoided.

5. A medicated animal feedstuif according to claim 1 in which the medicament is m,m'-dinitrodiphenyldisulphide.

6. A medicated animal foodstuff according to claim 5 in which the non-toxic, water soluble, surface active material is D-sorbitol.

7. A medicated animal feedstufi according to claim 1 in which the non-toxic, water soluble, surface active material is polyoxyethylene tall oil ethanolamide.

8. A medicated animal feedstuif according to claim 1 in which the medicament is sulfaquinoxaline.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,455,054 Geiger et a1 Nov. 30, 1948 2,495,270 Littler Jan. 24, 1950 2,540,131 Littler Feb. 6, 1951 2,547,144 Whiting Apr. 3, 1951 2,696,455 Blair Dec. 7, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 655,519 Great Britain July 25, .1951

OTHER REFERENCES Romoser: Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. and Med., vol. 83, May 1953, pp. 17-21.

Siedler: Poultry Science, vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 449453.

Atlas Surface Active Agents, 1948, pp. 67 and 69.

Stern et al.: Poultry Science, vol. 32, No. 1, pp. -26-'-28.

Claims (1)

1. A MEDICATED ANIMAL FEEDSTUFF COMPRISING PARTICLES OF AN ANIMAL FEED IN UNIFORM MIXTURE WITH PARTICLES OF A FINELY DIVIDED MEDICAMENT, SAID PARTICLES OF MEDICAMENT HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE WHICH WILL PASS THROUGH A 360 MESH SCREEN AND BEING CAPABLE OF RETAINING AN ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE, SAID PARTICLES HAVING A THIN COATING OF A NON-TOXIC, WATER SOLUBLE, SURFACE ACTIVE MATERIAL POSSESSING HUMECTANT AND ANTI-STATIC PROPERTIES, DISPERSED AS A THIN COATING ON THE SURFACE OF SAID PARTICLES WHEREBY THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROSTATIC CHARGES ON SAID MEDICAMENT PARTICLES AND AGGLOMERATION THEREOF DUE TO SAID ELECTROSTATIC CHARGES IS AVOIDED.