US2890620A - Haploscope - Google Patents

Description

June 16, 1959 M. I. WILLIAMS HAPLOSCQPE 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 3, 1956 mbmwmanr uZtmoa 'INVENTOR. MASON WILLIAMS a kawa wag 5 M4 dY I ArrbR/vEYs June 16, 1959 M. 1. WILLIAMS HAPLOSCOPE Filed Jan. 5. 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 2

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' "3 no v. LINE 39 2W2 Fa? I80 ws INVENTOR. MASON WILLIAMS BY lm h 7 ATTORNEYS Unite HAPLOSCOPE Mason I. Wiliiams, San Diego, Calif.

Application January 3, 1956, Serial No. 556,901

16 lClaims. (Ci. 88-20) The present invention relates to a haploscope and particularly to one designed to fulfill the need for a compact, movable haploscope for use in private practice and in the physiologic optics laboratory.

The present haploscope includes the necessary mechanism for the required control of the stimulus to accommodation and the continuous control of the stimulus to convergence, either of which controls may be independent of one another, or the controls may be simultaneous to the stimulus of accommodation and the stimulus to convergence.

The haploscope includes two tubes spaced from one another with ends confronting one another. Each of these tubes includes a lamp, a prism or an angularly disposed mirror having a semi-silvered front surface at the confronting end, a lens interposed between the lamp and the prism or mirror, and a target interposed between the lamp and the lens. The lamp and target are carried by a carriage which moves longitudinally of the tube, for the purpose of stimulating accommodation of the human eye. Each of the tubes is carried by an arm, and the arms are so mounted that the axes of rotation thereof are coincident with the vertical axes of rotation of the two eyes, respectively, of a human. Of course, inter-pupillary distance control is provided, ranging from 55 to 70 mm. for accommodating various distances between the eyes of different people.

The haploscope includes an indicator, and in the preferred form, such indicator includes a lamp and, for example, cross hairs, the shadow of the cross hairs being visible through a translucent chart or graph. This indicator, including the lamp and cross hairs, is carried by a carriage which is movable in all directions in a single plane, and, in the preferred embodiment, the single plane is horizontal. The carriage and the indicator are carried within a supporting structure, for example a housing, which housing is provided with a window adapted to be covered by the chart.

Mechanism is provided for simultaneously moving both carriages in the pairs of tubes and the carriage for the indicator in either of opposite directions, and mechanism is provided for simultaneously rotating the tubes about their axes and moving the indicator carriage at right angles to that to which the carriage is moved, when it is moved simultaneously with the carriages in the tubes. These mechanisms are such that both can be operated simultaneously, whereby the control of the stimulus to accommodation and the control of the stimulus to convergence can be effected simultaneously, and, further, the mechanism is such that the carriage for the indicator moves as the resultant of both movements of the control for the stimulus of accommodation and the control for the stimulus of convergence.

By expression of the patient to the doctor, as to when the image of the target changes, the doctor can observe at the chart the degrees of convergence and divergence when that phase of the examination is being conducted;

he can determine the degree of accommodation when 2,890,620 Patented June 16, 1959 ice that phase of the examination is being conducted; and he can observe and record various types of accommodation and/ or convergence simultaneously. Moreover, through this haploscope, stimulus to accommodation and stimulus to convergence can be conducted independently or simultaneously.

In carrying out the present invention, four tracks are provided for the indicator carriage. Two of these tracks are stationary and are disposed at right angles to one another. These two tracks each carry and guide a separate track, the separate tracks being disposed at right angles to the respective guiding stationary track there for. These movable tracks are, therefore, at right angles to one another. The indicator, including the lens andcross hairs, is slidably mounted on both of the movabletracks. One of the movable tracks, carrying the indicator, is moved along a stationary track when the carriages for the lamp and target are moved longitudinally within the hollow tube, and the other movable track is moved along the other stationary track, when the hollow tubes are moved about their axes.

Further objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front view of the improved haploscope;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view looking in the direction of arrows 33 of Fig. 1, parts thereof being shown in section as indicated by lines 3-3;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view showing the forward part of the haploscope;

Fig. 5 is a view of the chart or graph used in conjunction with the haploscope;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line 6--6' of Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view looking in the direction of arrows 7--7 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the electrical system employed;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line 9-9 of Fig. l; and

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line 10-10 of Fig. 1; the translucent plate 42 is omitted.

Referring in detail to the drawings, the haploscope is generally shown at 20. This haploscope includes two similar tubes 21 and 22. Viewed from the front, the tube 21 is on the left side and the tube 22 is on the right side. The axes of these tubes are arranged in the same horizontal plane and, when the tubes are in neutral position, the axes of both tubes are in longitudinal alignment; i.e., the end of one tube confronts the like end of another tube.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 9 and 10, showing tube 21, and it will be understood that tube 22 is the allochiral of tube 21, the outer end 24 of the tube is closed by a cap 25. The inner end 26 of the tube carries a fitting 27, the extreme end of which carries a prism 28. Fitting 27 also carries a lens 3%, which is held in place by a ring 31. A carriage 33 is slidably mounted in the tube 21 and carries, at the outer end, a bracket 35 for a lamp 36. This lamp 36 is fed by wires 38 and 39. The inner end of carriage 33 carries a target retainer 44) held in place by screws 41. A partly opaque, or translucent, white plate 42 is interposed between a target 43 and the lamp 36. The target may be a transparent photograph film simulating cross hairs surrounded by a circular line. The under side of the tube 21 is slotted as at 44 for receiving a pin 45 (see Fig. 1). This. pin 45, in conjunction with the slot 44, prevents the ,HNH AAAA turning of the ca rriage 33 and is also utilized for moving the carriage longitudinally within the tube 21. The patients right eye will confront the surface 47 of the prism 28 of tube 21 and, due to the reflection caused by prism or mirror 28 and lens 30, the patient will see the lighted target 43. Obviously the patients left eye will confront the surface 47 of the prism 28 which forms a part of the haploscope tube 22. Of course, tube 22 also includes a carriage 33, a target 43, a lamp 36 and a prism 30, as was described in connection with haploscope tube 21.

Pulleys 49 are carried on the under side of tubes 21 and 22 by shafts 50. The fronts of fittings 27 carry pulleys 51, and like pulleys 52 are provided on the rears of the fittings 27. A cable 53 is strung over these pulleys 49, 51 and 52 and over other mechanism, to be hereinafter described, and pins 45 of carriages 33 are secured to cable 53. As will be more clearly hereinafter described, the mechanism for actuating the cable is such that both pins 45 of tubes 21 and 22 move outwardly simultaneously or move inwardly simultaneously, whereby the targets 43 and lamps 36 of both tubes are moved inwardly or outwardly simultaneously through their respective carriages 33.

Tube 21 is carried by a vertically extending post 55 and tube 22 is carried by a like post 56. These posts are suitably secured to the under side of fittings 27. Referring particularly to Figs. 2 and 3, it will be observed that post 55 is carried by lever arm 57 of a bellcrank lever 58. Bellcrank lever 58 is pivotally carried on a shaft 59 (see Fig. 6) whose axis is indicated at 60 in Fig. 2. Shaft 59 is carried by a bearing block 61, and this hearing block is carried by a carriage 62. Another arm 64 of the bellcrank lever 58 is connected to a longitudinally adjustable link 65 by a pivot 66. The other end of the link 65 is connected by a pivot 68 to an arm 69.

Arm 69 is fastened to a shaft 70. Shafts 60 and 70 are arranged to rotate about vertical axes. Shaft 70 carries two gears 72 and 73. These gears are fastened to the shaft 70 and are consequently rotatable therewith. Gear 72 is driven by a worm gear 75. Worm gear 75 is carried by a shaft 76, which shaft is journaled in bearings 77 and 78. Shaft 76 carries a wheel 80 which is turned by a handle 81.

Obviously the turning of wheel 80 in one direction will cause clockwise movement of bellcrank lever 58 through worm wheel 72, shaft 70, lever 69 and link 65, and the turning of the wheel 80 in the opposite direction will effect counterclockwise movement of bellcrank 58 through the same elements.

Another bellcrank lever 83, which is the allochiral of lever 58 has an arm 57 which carries the post 56, and lever 83 can be turned about its pivotal axis 60 through its lever arm 64, longitudinally adjustable link 65 and arm 69, link 65 being pivotally connected with arm 64 by pivot 66 and by pivot 68 to arm 69. Arm 69 is fastened to a shaft 85, and shaft 85 is turned by a gear 86 which is also fastened to the shaft 85. Gear 86 meshes with gear 73 and is driven thereby. When gear 73 is moved in a clockwise direction, gear 86, and con-' sequently its shaft 85 and its arm 69 are moved in a counterclockwise direction. Likewise, bellcrank lever 83 will be moved in a counterclockwise direction. And, when gear 73 is moved in a counterclockwise direction, gear 86 will be moved clockwise, and likewise lever 83 will be moved clockwise. Thus it is apparent from the above that, whenever post 55 is rotated by lever 58 in a clockwise direction, post 56 will be rotated by lever 83 in a counterclockwise direction, and vice versa.

The shaft 60 for lever 83 is carried by a carriage 88, which is similar in construction to carriage 62. Carriages 62 and 88 are drilled as at 89 to receive an upper shaft 90 and a lower shaft 91. These carriages are slidably mounted on shafts 90 and 91. The shafts are hori- 4 zonta'lly disposed and the opposite ends thereof are carried by posts 92. Carriages 62 and 88 are also drilled and threaded as at 94 and 95 respectively. However, the thread 94 is in the reverse of that of 95. These threaded holes 94 and 95 receive a shaft 97 having left and right hand threads 98 and 99 respectively. Shaft 97 is journaled in posts 92 and 93, as shown at 101. Shaft 99 carries a wheel 102 for turning the same. When the wheel 102 is turned in one direction, carriages 62 and 88 will be moved toward one another, and when the wheel 102 is moved in the opposite direction the carriages 62 and 88 will be moved away from one another. Thus by turning the wheel, the horizontal distance between posts 55 and 56, and likewise between tubes 21 and 22 and the prisms 47 carried thereby, can be varied. Thus the interpupillary distance between the prisms 47 of tubes 21 and 22 can be varied. The distance between the axes for shafts 60 should be the same as the interpupillary distance of the patient, and obviously, since the interpupillary distance varies with the individual, the distance between the axes 60 must be varied. The carriage 62 is provided with an indicating arm 104 which moves horizontally with the carriage 62. This arm 104 is provided with a hair line 105 which is disposed opposite indicia 106. The arm 104 and the line 105 thereof can be visible through a slot 107 in the rear casing 108 of the machine and the indicia 106 in millimeters is disposed adjacent to this slot. The doctor measures the interpupil- 1 lary distance of the patient and then turns the wheel 102 bearings 77, 78 and 92 may be formed integrally with the base or may be suitably secured thereto. The shafts 70 and are carried respectively by posts or U-shaped brackets 111 and 112. These brackets are suitably secured to the base 110.

The forward part of the base carries a vertically extending shaft 114. This shaft 114 carries a drum 115. The ends of the cable 53 are attached to the drum in any suitable manner. When this drum is rotated, for example, in a clockwise direction, the section 116 of cable 53 will be moved rearwardly, while the section 117 of the cable will be moved forwardly. Drum is driven by a worm wheel 119, which in turn is driven by a worm gear 120. Worm gear 120 is carried by a shaft 121 which is suitably journaled in a bearing 122, the latter being carried by the base 110. Shaft 120 is fixed to a wheel 123 carrying a handle 124.

As previously stated, the cable 53 is strung over pulleys 49, 51 and 52. This cable is also strung over pulleys 126 and 127 carried on the under side of bellcrank lever 58, pulleys 128 and 129 carried on the under side of bellcrank lever 83, a second set of pulleys 131 and 132 carried on the under side of lever 58, a like set of pulleys 131 and 132 on the under side of lever 83, a set of pulleys 135 and 136 carried by post 62 and a like set of pulleys 137 and 138 carried by post 88, and a centrally disposed pulley 140 carried on the top side of the base 110. Tracing the cable from the pulley 115, the cable including the section 116, pulley 135 of post 62, pulleys 131 and 126 of lever 58, pulley 51 on the left side of the machine, pulley 49 and pulley 52 on the left side of the machine, pulleys 127 and 132 of the lever 58, pulley 136 on post 62, pulley 140, pulley 137 on post 88, pulleys 132 and 128 on lever 83, pulleys 52 and 49 on the right side of the machine, pulley 51 on the right side of the machine, pulleys 132 and 129 on lever 83, pulley 138 on post 88, section 117, the latter being attached to drum 115. The carriages 33, being attached to the cable 53 through pins 45, will be moved inwardly when the wheel 123 is rotated in one direction and will be moved outwardly when the wheel 123 is moved in the opposite direction.

The ends of a second cable 226 are connected to the drum 115 and, like cable 53, one end of cable 226 is wound on to the drum 115 when the drum is rotated in one direction, while the other end is being unwound from the drum, and vice "ersa when the drum 115 is turned in the opposite direction. Cable 226 (see Fig. 3) is wound over a pulley 227 which is carried by a bracket 228, the latter being attached to the base 110. From the pulley 227 the cable extends upwardly and is strung over a pulley 130 carried by bracket 231 on the post 77. From the pulley 130, the cable continues forwardly and is strung over a pulley 232 which is carried by a bracket 133 on the base 110. From pulley 232, the cable continues downwardly over an angularly disposed pulley 235 which is also carried by the bracket 228. From pulley 235 the cable continues and is fast ened to the drum 115.

The bracket 133 carries a non-circular, preferably rectangularly or square-shaped track 236. This track ex tends horizontally and rearwardly and is arranged in the same horizontal plane as the run of the cable between pulleys 130 and 232. Track 236 carries a second track 238. This track 238 is provided with an opening 139 of the same shape as the track 236 is in cross-section, whereby track 238 slides along track 236. Track 238 is arranged at right angles to track 236. Track 238 is secured, as by set screw 141, to the cable 226. Thus, when the upper run of the cable between pulleys 139 and 232 is moved rearwardly, the transversely extending track 238 will be moved rearwardly, and likewise, when said run is moved forwardly, the track 238 will be moved forwardly.

An indicator assembly 143 'is slidably carried on the track 238, and consequently, when the track 238 moves rearwardly or forwardly, indicator 143 will follow the same. This indicator includes a lamp 144 and cross hairs 145, the cross hairs being disposed above the lamp.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that when wheel 123 is turned to rotate drum 115 to in turn shift the carriages 33 longitudinally of the tubes 21 and'22 through cable 53, cable 226, being also connected to the drum 115, will cause forward or rearward movement to be imparted to the carriage 143, depending on the direction of rotation of wheel 123.

A drum 147, having a horizontal axis, is suitably journaled in a bearing block 148, and is rotated when shaft 76, carrying worm gear 75, is rotated. Drum 147 is suitably carried on the base 110 and is rotated by a gear 149 which meshes with a pinion 150 on the shaft 76. The opposite ends of a cable 151 are suitably attached to the drum 147. This cable is strung over a pulley 152, a pulley 153, and a pulley 154. Pulleys 152 and 154 are suitably journaled in the bearing block 148, which latter may be formed integrally with the base 110 or suitably attached thereto; pulley 153 is suitably journaled in the post 77. A track 156, arranged rearwardly of and parallelly with track 238, is suitably secured to post 77 and bearing block 148. This track 156 is preferably rectangular in shape and carries a track 159, the opening therein corresponding in cross-section to that of the track 156. The rear end of track 159 is suitably attached, as by screw 160, to that portion of the cable 151 which extends between pulley 153 and pulley 154. This track 156 is arranged in substantially the same horizontal plane as said run of the cable. As said run of the cable 151 is moved to the right or left, the track 159 will be moved to the right or left, respectively. The track extends forwardly in the form of a rod 161, preferably circular in shape, and extends through a cylindrical opening in an upward extension 163 of the carriage 143. Thus, as the run of the cable.

between pulley 153 and pulley 154 is moved to the right,

the carriage 143 will move to the right along track 238' and when said run is moved in the opposite direction, the carriage 143 will be moved in the opposite direction along said track 238. Due to the sliding movement between the rod 161 and the projection 163, track 159- 161 can be moved sidewis'e while the track 238 is being moved rearwardly or forwardly.

A leaf spring 165 is interposed between track 238 and track 236. This leaf spring is carried by track 238. A leaf spring 169 is interposed between track 161 and track 156, the spring being carried by track 161. These springs are for the purpose of holding these respective tracks in physical contact with one another.

Referring specifically to Fig. 8, wherein the electrical system is shown for lamps 36 and 144, the 110 volt line is shown by mains 171 and 172 which are connected to the primary coil 173 of a transformer 174 through a switch 175. The secondary coil is shown at 177. The circuit is closed through the low voltage (6 volt) lamp 144 by a switch 180. When the switch 180 is closed, a circuit will be established from secondary coil 177 through wire 38, lamp 144, wire 181 and switch 180 to wire 179 on the opposite side of coil 177. Preferably the switches and 188 are of the double-throw type; that. is, when the switch button is operated, 'both switches 175. and 180 are closed. Lamps 36 are also of the low voltage type. The circuit for the left lamp 36 is wire 38, lamp 36, wire 39, switch 184 and wire 179. The circuit for the right lamp 36 includes wire 38, lamp 36, wire 186 and switch 187 to wire 179. The double-throw switch lever for 175 and 180 is indicated at 188. Thus it is apparent that, when switch lever 188 is operated, the transformer is energized and the circuit is completed to the indicator lamp 144. When switch 187 is closed, the. left lamp 36 is lit, and when switch 184 is closed, the lamp 36 is lit. Wires 38 and 39 extend through the hollow post 55, and wires 38 and 186 extend through the hollow post 56.

The mechanism, directly carried by the base 110, is, covered by a rear cover 188 and a front cover 189; shaft. 97 extending through cover 108 and shafts 76 and 122 extending through cover 189. The covers may be slotted, as shown in dotted lines 190 and 191, for receiving the shafts 76 and 122, respectively. Preferably the switches are carried by the front 192 of cover 189. The top 194 of cover 189 is provided with a window or opening 195. This window is of suflicient size to confront the entire. movable area of the indicator 143. Horizontally extending recesses 196 are provided for receiving the lower edges of a chart or graph 197 for holding the chart in position. This chart is formed of a translucent material such as paper and carries the indicia which is normally utilized by an optometrist in the examination of a patients eyes. Such chart is shown in Fig. 5. The extent of movements of the carriage 33 in the hollow tubes 21 and 22 and the extent of rotating movement of the tubes are computed relative to the movements of the indicator 143, and the size of the chart 197 is sufiicient to coincide with the indicia dimensions on the chart.

A chin rest for the patient is shown at 199. This chin rest can he raised or lowered by any suitable means and. locked in adjusted position. A forehead rest 200 for the patient comprises two buttons which are carried by a tubing or rod 201. These rods can be raised or lowered. and held in position by set screws 203.

Thus it is apparent from the foregoing that I have provided a haploscope that may be used for measuring the degrees of convergence and divergence of the eyes through operation of the handle 81, may be used for stimulating the convergence and divergence of the eyes through the same handle 81, may be used for measuring the accommodation of the eyes and may the used for stimulating the accommodation of the eyes through, handle 124. Also, it is apparent that this same machine provides for independent movement for measuring or stimulating accommodation of the eyes, and also these movements can be effected concurrently by simultaneous movement of the handles 81 and 124.

While the form of embodiment herein shown and described constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms may be adopted falling within the scope of the claims that follow.

I claim:

. 1. A haploscope comprising a supporting structure including a wall adapted to support a chart; an indicator disposed for cooperation with the chart; a carriage for the indicator; means on the supporting structure supporting the carriage for movement in a plurality of directions in a common plane; a pair of similar optical devices, each including an elongated horizontally extending tube with an end of one tube confronting a like end of the other tube, angular light reflecting means in each tube, target means, lens means, and a lamp in each tube, two substantially identical carriages, one carriage in each tube and movably supported thereby, each of said two carriages carrying, respectively, one of the two last mentioned means; means carried by the supporting structure for supporting the optical devices for movements about vertically extending axes, said axes being horizontally spaced from one another; coupling mechanism between the carriages of the optical devices and the indicator carriage; means for actuating the coupling mechanism for moving the carriages of said optical devices and for simultaneously moving the indicator carriage in certain opposite directions; coupling mechanism between the tubes of the optical devices and the indicating carriage for moving the tubes about said axes therefor and simultaneously moving the indicator carriage in opposite directions at right angles to the said certain directions; and means for actuating the second mentioned coupling mechanism.

2. A haploscope as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the targets are carried by the carriages of the optical devices.

3. A haploscope as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the targets and lamps are carried by the carriages of the optical devices.

4. A haploscope as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure is a housing, one wall of the housing having a window, said wall being adapted to support a translucent chart over the window, said indicator being a lamp and being disposed in the supporting structure housing and disposed so as to confront the rear side of the chart.

5. A haploscope comprising a supporting structure including a Wall, adapted to support a chart; an indicator disposed for cooperation with the chart; a straight track; a second straight track disposed at right angles to the first mentioned track; means supporting the first mentioned track on the supporting structure for movement linearly of the second track and for supporting the second mentioned track on the supporting structure for movement linearly of the first mentioned track; an indicator carriage supported by and movable with both of said tracks; a pair of similar optical devices, each including an elongated horizontally extending tube and with an end of one tube confronting a like end of the other tube, angular light reflecting means in each tube, target means, lens means, and a lamp in 'each tube, two substantially identical carriages, one carriage in each tube and supported thereby, each of said two carriages carrying, respectively, one of the two last mentioned means; means carried by the supporting structure for supporting the optical devices for movements about vertically extending axes, said axes being horizontally spaced from one another; coupling mechanism between the carriages of the optical devices and one of the tracks; means for actuating the coupling mechanism for moving the carriages of said optical devices and for simultaneously moving the said one track; coupling mechanism between the tubes of the optical devices and the other of said tracks for moving the tubes about said axes therefor and for simultaneously moving said other track linearly of said one track; and means for actuating the second mentioned coupling mechanism.

6. A haploscope as defined in claim 5, characterized in that the targets are carried by the carriages of the optical devices.

7. A haploscope as defined in claim 5, characterized in that the targets and lamps are carried by the carriages of the optical devices.

8. A haploscope as defined in claim 5, characterized in that the supporting structure is a housing, one wall of the housing having a window, said Wall being adapted to support a translucent chart over the window, said indicator being a lamp and being disposed in the supporting structure housing and disposed so as to confront the rear side of the chart.

9. A haploscope comprising a supporting structure including a wall adapted to support a chart; an indicator disposed for cooperation with the chart; a carriage for the indicator; means on the supporting structure supporting the carriage for movement in a plurality of directions in a common plane; a pair of similar optical devices, each including an elongated horizontally extending tube, target means, lens means, and a lamp in each tube, two substantially identical carriages, one carriage in each tube and supported thereby, each of said two carriages carrying, respectively, one of the two last mentioned means; means carried by the supporting structure for supporting the optical devices for movements about vertically extending axes, said axes being horizontally spaced from one another; coupling mechanism between the carriages of the optical devices and the indicator carriage; means for actuating the coupling mechanism for moving the carriages of said optical devices and for simultaneously moving the indicator carriage in certain opposite directions; coupling mechanism between the tubes of the optical devices and the indicating carriage for moving the tubes about said axes therefor and simultaneously moving the indicator carriage in opposite directions at right angles to the said certain directions; and means for actuating the second mentioned coupling mechanism.

10. A haploscope as defined in claim 9, characterized in that the targets are carried by the carriages of the optical devices.

11. A haploscope as defined in claim 9, characterized in that the targets and lamps are carried by the carriages of the optical devices.

12. A haploscope as defined in claim 9, characterized in that the supporting structure is a housing, one wall of the housing having a window, said wall being adapted to support a translucent chart over the Window, said indicator being a lamp and being disposed in the supporting structure housing and disposed so as to confront the rear side of the chart.

13. A haploscope comprising a supporting structure including a wall adapted to support a chart; an indicator disposed for cooperation with the chart; a straight track; a second straight track disposed at right angles to the first mentioned track; means supporting the first mentioned track on the supporting structure for movement linearly of the second track and for supporting the second mentioned track on the supporting structure for movement linearly of the first mentioned track; an indicator carriage supported by and movable with both of said tracks; a pair of similar optical devices, each including an elongated horizontally extending tube, target means, lens means, and a lamp in each tube, two substantially identical carriages, one carriage in each tube and supported thereby, each of said two carriages carrying, respectively, one of the two last mentioned means; means carried by the supporting structure for supporting the optical devices for movements about vertically extending axes, said axes being horizontally spaced from one another; coupling mechanism between the carriages of the optical devices and one of the tracks; means for actuating the coupling mechanism for moving the carriages of the optical devices and for simultaneously moving the said one track; coupling mechanism between the tubes of the optical devices and the other of said tracks for moving the tubes about said axes therefor and for simultaneously moving said other track linearly of said one track; and means for actuating the second mentioned coupling mechanism.

14. A haploscope as defined in claim 13, characterized in that the targets are carried by the carriages of the optical devices.

15. A haploscope as defined in claim 13, characterized in that the targets and lamps are carried by the carriages of the optical devices.

16. A haploscope as defined in claim 13, characterized in that the supporting structure is a housing, one wall of the housing having a window, said Wall being adapted to support a translucent chart over the window, said indicator being a lamp and being disposed in the supporting structure housing and disposed so as to confront the rear side of the chart.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,686,962 Deninson Oct. 9, 1928 1,780,291 Cameron Nov. 4, 1930 1,948,901 Brombach Feb. 27, 1934 2,063,015 Ames Dec. 8, 1936 2,091,173 Wottring Aug. 24, 1937 2,153,718 Kitroser Apr. 11, 1939 2,316,139 Wottring Apr. 6, 1943 FOREIGN PATENTS 711,326 Great Britain June 30, 1954

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