US2888347A - High-speed print-out emulsions - Google Patents
High-speed print-out emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2888347A US2888347A US509111A US50911155A US2888347A US 2888347 A US2888347 A US 2888347A US 509111 A US509111 A US 509111A US 50911155 A US50911155 A US 50911155A US 2888347 A US2888347 A US 2888347A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- silver
- speed
- silver nitrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940071575 silver citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisilver;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/49—Print-out and photodevelopable emulsions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/02—Dosimeters
- G01T1/08—Photographic dosimeters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to high-speed, print-out emulsions and, particularly, to such emulsions of sufiiciently high speed to enable them to be used, inter alia, in the indication of and evaluation of the quantity of ionizing radiation present in a particular area.
- the photosensitive elements contemplated herein are prepared by casting on a suitable base, such as paper or the like, an emulsion containing a substantial quantity of silver citrate.
- a suitable base such as paper or the like
- the silver citrate is prepared in situ in the presence of the emulsion or the components thereof.
- a technique which we have found to yield the desired results involves the addition to a solution of potassium bromide and sodium chloride in gelatin of an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate.
- the resulting emulsion is chilled, shredded and washed to remove excess water soluble salts. It is then remelted and there is added to this melt an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver nitrate. This mixture is maintained at about 32 C. and then coated within a period of say about 1% hours. It is found that with such an emulsion, the silver citrate operates to permit development of an image without resorting to the usual developing agents.
- Part II is added to Part I at C. After a period of 20 minutes, the mixture is chilled, shredded and washed for 30 minutes.
- the resulting mixture is held at 32 C. with no agitation and, after a period of say 1% hours, is coated on a base such as paper.
- Such an emulsion when utilized in lieu of the highspeed film presently employed in monitoring badges, permits a direct reading of the intensity of the rays impinging on the photosensitive element.
- a process of making a high-speed, print-out emulsion which comprises precipitating silver chloride and silver bromide by reaction in gelatin of silver nitrate with potassium bromide and sodium chloride chilling the reaction mixture to cause it to jell, washing to remove excess water soluble salts remelting the emulsion and adding thereto an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver nitrate to precipitate silver citrate throughout the emulsion.
- a high-speed, print-out film comprising a base carrying an emulsion prepared as in claim 1.
- a high-speed, print-out film comprising a base carrying an emulsion prepared as in claim 2.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
United States Pater 2,888,347 HIGH-SPEED PRINT-OUT EMULSIONS Thomas R. Thompson, Joseph E. Unity, and Henry T.
Dybvig, Binghamton, N.Y., assignors to General Aniline & Film Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 17, 1955 Serial No. 509,111
4 Claims. (Cl. 96-94) The present invention relates to high-speed, print-out emulsions and, particularly, to such emulsions of sufiiciently high speed to enable them to be used, inter alia, in the indication of and evaluation of the quantity of ionizing radiation present in a particular area.
The development of methods leading to the fission of the atom has made it imperative that persons, subject to radioactive rays encountered with such development, be provided with means for indicating the intensity of the rays encountered. To this end, devices known as radiation monitoring badges operating with high-speed film have been devised. Such devices, however, as is evident, require that the film be processed before the ray dosage can be determined. Delays are thus encountered in arriving at an evaluation of the radioactive rays present.
It has now been discovered that these delays may be avoided by substituting for the high-speed film generally employed a photographic element bearing a high-speed, print-out emulsion permitting a dosage indication on direct inspection. Such photosensitive elements, and the preparation of the emulsions therefor, constitute the purposes and objects of the present invention.
The photosensitive elements contemplated herein are prepared by casting on a suitable base, such as paper or the like, an emulsion containing a substantial quantity of silver citrate. The silver citrate is prepared in situ in the presence of the emulsion or the components thereof.
A technique which we have found to yield the desired results involves the addition to a solution of potassium bromide and sodium chloride in gelatin of an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate. The resulting emulsion is chilled, shredded and washed to remove excess water soluble salts. It is then remelted and there is added to this melt an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver nitrate. This mixture is maintained at about 32 C. and then coated within a period of say about 1% hours. It is found that with such an emulsion, the silver citrate operates to permit development of an image without resorting to the usual developing agents.
The following example will further illustrate the invention, although it is to be understood that the invention is not to be restricted thereto.
Water to make 37.5 cc.
Part II is added to Part I at C. After a period of 20 minutes, the mixture is chilled, shredded and washed for 30 minutes.
The product thus obtained is remelted and there is then added to 313 grams of the above product the following solutions in the indicated order:
(1) 6.25 grams of citric acid dissolved in water to make 20 cc.;
(2) 25 cc. of silver nitrate (50%).
The resulting mixture is held at 32 C. with no agitation and, after a period of say 1% hours, is coated on a base such as paper.
Such an emulsion, when utilized in lieu of the highspeed film presently employed in monitoring badges, permits a direct reading of the intensity of the rays impinging on the photosensitive element.
We claim:
1. A process of making a high-speed, print-out emulsion which comprises precipitating silver chloride and silver bromide by reaction in gelatin of silver nitrate with potassium bromide and sodium chloride chilling the reaction mixture to cause it to jell, washing to remove excess water soluble salts remelting the emulsion and adding thereto an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver nitrate to precipitate silver citrate throughout the emulsion.
2. The process as defined in claim 1, wherein the reaction designed to precipitate the silver halide is effected with an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate.
3. A high-speed, print-out film comprising a base carrying an emulsion prepared as in claim 1.
4. A high-speed, print-out film comprising a base carrying an emulsion prepared as in claim 2.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 50,544 Smith Oct. 17, 1865 240,262 Lutz Apr. 19, 1881 FOREIGN PATENTS 471,366 Great Britain Sept. 2, 1937
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS OF MAKING A HIGH-SPEED, PINT-OUT EMULSION WHICH COMPRISES PRECIPITATING SILVER CHLORIDE AND SILVER BROMIDE BY REACTION IN GELATIN OF SILVER NITRATE WITH POTASSIUM BROMIDE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE CHILLING THE REACTION MIXTURE TO CAUSE IT TO JELL, WASHING TO REMOVE AXCESS WATER SOLUBLE SALTS, REMELTING THE EMULSION AND ADDING THERETO AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CRITIC ACID AND SILVER NITRATE TO PRECIPITATE SILVER CITRATE THROUGHOUT THE EMULSION.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US509111A US2888347A (en) | 1955-05-17 | 1955-05-17 | High-speed print-out emulsions |
| GB12154/56A GB795042A (en) | 1955-05-17 | 1956-04-20 | High speed, print-out emulsions |
| DEG19640A DE1036637B (en) | 1955-05-17 | 1956-05-16 | Process for the production of highly sensitive emulsions for the copying process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US509111A US2888347A (en) | 1955-05-17 | 1955-05-17 | High-speed print-out emulsions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2888347A true US2888347A (en) | 1959-05-26 |
Family
ID=24025305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US509111A Expired - Lifetime US2888347A (en) | 1955-05-17 | 1955-05-17 | High-speed print-out emulsions |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2888347A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1036637B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB795042A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3409436A (en) * | 1965-04-01 | 1968-11-05 | Gaf Corp | Light-sensitive silver halide print-out emulsions |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3143419A (en) * | 1960-06-02 | 1964-08-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | High-speed printout emulsions containing silver iodide and silver oxalate |
| DE1804289C2 (en) * | 1967-10-23 | 1985-01-10 | Fuji Shashin Film K.K., Minami-ashigara, Kanagawa | Process for the preparation of crystals of a slightly soluble inorganic salt |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB471366A (en) * | ||||
| US50544A (en) * | 1865-10-17 | Improvement in photography | ||
| US240262A (en) * | 1881-04-19 | Phototypography |
-
1955
- 1955-05-17 US US509111A patent/US2888347A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1956
- 1956-04-20 GB GB12154/56A patent/GB795042A/en not_active Expired
- 1956-05-16 DE DEG19640A patent/DE1036637B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB471366A (en) * | ||||
| US50544A (en) * | 1865-10-17 | Improvement in photography | ||
| US240262A (en) * | 1881-04-19 | Phototypography |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3409436A (en) * | 1965-04-01 | 1968-11-05 | Gaf Corp | Light-sensitive silver halide print-out emulsions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB795042A (en) | 1958-05-14 |
| DE1036637B (en) | 1958-08-14 |
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