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US2878110A - Production of fuel gases from granular to pulverulent fuels - Google Patents

Production of fuel gases from granular to pulverulent fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US2878110A
US2878110A US134915A US13491549A US2878110A US 2878110 A US2878110 A US 2878110A US 134915 A US134915 A US 134915A US 13491549 A US13491549 A US 13491549A US 2878110 A US2878110 A US 2878110A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
gasification
centrifugal
gasifying agent
gasification chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US134915A
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Altstaedt Werner
Bartholome Ernst
Lehrer Erwin
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C10J3/487Swirling or cyclonic gasifiers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • C10J2300/0933Coal fines for producing water gas
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/02Slagging producer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/04Powdered fuel injection

Definitions

  • a socalled centrifugal combustion chamber which is operated by introducing the fuels tangentially together with a carrier gas, for which purpose a part of the combustion air itself may be used, and keeping the fuels in rotation by further introducing combustion air tangentially until the solid fuels are practically completely burnt. From a centrally disposed outlet opening gases only with little or no dust content leave the combustion chamber. If the combustion is carried out at so high a temperature that the ashes are in the molten state, the liquid slag may be drawn off at a suitable place at the periphery of the combustion chamber.
  • the difficulty is encountered that the ratio of gaseous 'gasifying agent to solid fuel is considerably less than in the complete combustion.
  • the ratio of gaseous gasifying agents to solid fuel is even considerably less.
  • the fuel would have to be introduced into the centrifugal combustion chamber with the carrier gas at a very high rate of flow.
  • Dust flames as a fact, have but a relatively low extinction speed so that when the fuel and the carrier gas would be introduced at too high a speed, the flame is extinguished.
  • High inlet speeds further result in the solid fuel particles being conveyed very rapidly to the periphery of the chamber where the fuel can be contacted only with a relatively small amount of gasification agent. The result of this is that the degree of gasification of the solid fuel is reduced to an unbearable extent.
  • the said difficulties can be obviated by partially gasifying the solid fuel with a part of the gasifying agent, prior to its entry into the gasification chamber proper (the so-called centrifugal gasification chamber), in a preliminary chamber directly connected with the said gasification chamber proper.
  • the quantity used thereof should amount, preferably, to more than 20%, while with endothermic gasifying agents it should amount, preferably, to more than 50% of the total fuel to be introduced.
  • the dimensional proportions of the preliminary chamber are advantageously chosen with a view to ensuring a safe seat of the flame at the opening of the burner into the preliminary chamber.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are a sectional side and a sectional end view, respectively of one embodiment of the invention.
  • Like reference numerals are used for like parts in all the figures.
  • Solid fuels intimately mixed with a carrier gas, for which purpose part of the gasifying agent may be used, enters through a pipe 1 into a preliminary chamber 3, 4.
  • a gasifying agent preferably one rich in oxygen, enters through a pipe 2, arranged centrally within the pipe 1.
  • the mixture is ignited at the mouth of the pipe 2.
  • the preliminary chamber consists of a cylindrical part 3 and a funnel-shaped part 4.
  • the mixture of fuel and gas leaving the preliminary chamber enters tangentially at 5 into a centrifugal gasification chamber 6.
  • Example 5 metric tons per hour of dried brown coal dust thoroughly mixed with 940 cubic meters of steam (measured at N. T. P.) enter through the pipe 2 into the preliminary chamber 3, 4. 1125 cubic meters of oxygen and 2890 cubic meters of air (measured at N. T. P.) enter through the pipe 1 centrally disposed around pipe 2.
  • the gasifying agents are preheated to 500 C.
  • the mixture is ignited at the mouth of 2.
  • the mixture of combustion gas, ungasified brown coal dust and unspent gasifying agent enters tangentially at 5 at a temperature of 1700 C. into the gasification chamber 6.
  • a mixture preheated to 500 C. of 290 cubic meters of steam, 375 cubic meters of oxygen and 960 cubic meters of air (measured at N. T. P.) is tangentially introduced per hour through the nozzles 7 at the periphery of the chamber. 12,500 cubic meters per hour (measured at N. T. P.) of gas having the composition:
  • a process for the production of fuel gases from granular to pulverulent fuels which consists in introducing the total amount of the aforesaid fuel to be gasified and a considerable part of the gaseous gasifying agent used in the reaction into an antechamber arranged directly at the inlet opening of a centrifugal gasification chamber proper, the axis of said antechamber being disposed at a substantial inclination with respect to the axis of said centrifugal gasification chamber proper, effecting gasification of a substantial portion of the pulverulent fuel in said antechamber by reaction with said gaseous gasifying agent, leading the mixture of non-gasified solid fuel, fuel gas and any gasifying agent leaving the antechamber into the centrifugal gasification chamber tangentially, keeping it in rotation therein by tangentially introducing into said centrifugal gasification chamber further amounts of gasifying agent for a length of time sufiicient to effect substantially complete gasification atthe non-gasified solid fuel and for regulating the temperature in such
  • Process in accordance with claim 1 including increasing continuously the linear velocity of the mixture of u'on-gasified solid fuel, fuel gas and'any gasifying agent flowing through the part of the antech'amber adjacent the gasification chamber proper.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)

Description

March 17, 1959 w. ALTSTAEDT ET AL 2,878,110
PRODUCTION OF FUEL GASES FROM GRANULAR TO PULVERULENT FUELS Filed Deg. 24. 1949 INVENTOR. WERNER ALSTAEDT, ERNST BARTHOLOME ERWIN LEHRER BY MAJ AJTORNEXS United States Patent F PRODUCTION OF FUEL GASES FROM GRANULAR TO PULVERULENT FUELS Werner Altstaedt and Ernst Bartholom, Ludwigshafen (Rhine), and Erwin Lehrer, Bad Durkheim, Germany, assignors to Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen (Rhine), Germany This invention relates to the production of fuel gases from granular to pulverulent fuels.
It has already been proposed to burn granular to pulverulent fuels in a rotation-symmetrical chamber, a socalled centrifugal combustion chamber, which is operated by introducing the fuels tangentially together with a carrier gas, for which purpose a part of the combustion air itself may be used, and keeping the fuels in rotation by further introducing combustion air tangentially until the solid fuels are practically completely burnt. From a centrally disposed outlet opening gases only with little or no dust content leave the combustion chamber. If the combustion is carried out at so high a temperature that the ashes are in the molten state, the liquid slag may be drawn off at a suitable place at the periphery of the combustion chamber.
When using the said centrifugal combustion chamber for the gasification of granular to pulverulent fuels, the difficulty is encountered that the ratio of gaseous 'gasifying agent to solid fuel is considerably less than in the complete combustion. In the gasification with air, for a given amount of fuel dust only half of the air necessary for complete combustion is consumed, and in the gasification with air and oxygen and endothermic gasifying agents, such as steam and carbon dioxide, the ratio of gaseous gasifying agents to solid fuel is even considerably less. In order to give the solid fuel sufiicient rotary impulse, notwithstanding the smaller amount of gas, the fuel would have to be introduced into the centrifugal combustion chamber with the carrier gas at a very high rate of flow. Dust flames, as a fact, have but a relatively low extinction speed so that when the fuel and the carrier gas would be introduced at too high a speed, the flame is extinguished. High inlet speeds further result in the solid fuel particles being conveyed very rapidly to the periphery of the chamber where the fuel can be contacted only with a relatively small amount of gasification agent. The result of this is that the degree of gasification of the solid fuel is reduced to an unbearable extent.
We have now found that the said difficulties can be obviated by partially gasifying the solid fuel with a part of the gasifying agent, prior to its entry into the gasification chamber proper (the so-called centrifugal gasification chamber), in a preliminary chamber directly connected with the said gasification chamber proper. When the air is used as a gasifying agent, the quantity used thereof should amount, preferably, to more than 20%, while with endothermic gasifying agents it should amount, preferably, to more than 50% of the total fuel to be introduced. The dimensional proportions of the preliminary chamber are advantageously chosen with a view to ensuring a safe seat of the flame at the opening of the burner into the preliminary chamber. By varying the ratio of the amounts of gasifying agent to the amounts of fuel and by varying the length of the preliminary chamber it is possible to achieve the preliminary gasification therein up to the desired degree. At least towards the end of the preliminary chamber, its cross-section may 2,878,110 Patented Mar. 1 7,
"ice
2 have a funnel-shaped constriction so that the mixture of ungasified fuel, produced combustion gas and any gasifying agent enters tangentially into the centrifugal gasification chamber at the desired speed.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figures 1 and 2 are a sectional side and a sectional end view, respectively of one embodiment of the invention. Like reference numerals are used for like parts in all the figures.
Solid fuels, intimately mixed with a carrier gas, for which purpose part of the gasifying agent may be used, enters through a pipe 1 into a preliminary chamber 3, 4. A gasifying agent, preferably one rich in oxygen, enters through a pipe 2, arranged centrally within the pipe 1. The mixture is ignited at the mouth of the pipe 2. The preliminary chamber consists of a cylindrical part 3 and a funnel-shaped part 4. The mixture of fuel and gas leaving the preliminary chamber enters tangentially at 5 into a centrifugal gasification chamber 6. Through nozzles 7 arranged at the periphery of chamber 6 more gasifying agent is tangentially introduced. The combustion gases which are practically free from solids leave the centrifugal gasification chamber 6 through a central opening 8, while the liquid slag thrown against the periphery runs to the lowest point of the chamber 6 by this being disposed in a slightly inclined position, and is removed through opening 9.
The following example will further illustrate the invention, but the invention is not restricted thereto. The example is given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 5 metric tons per hour of dried brown coal dust thoroughly mixed with 940 cubic meters of steam (measured at N. T. P.) enter through the pipe 2 into the preliminary chamber 3, 4. 1125 cubic meters of oxygen and 2890 cubic meters of air (measured at N. T. P.) enter through the pipe 1 centrally disposed around pipe 2. The gasifying agents are preheated to 500 C. The mixture is ignited at the mouth of 2. The mixture of combustion gas, ungasified brown coal dust and unspent gasifying agent enters tangentially at 5 at a temperature of 1700 C. into the gasification chamber 6. A mixture preheated to 500 C. of 290 cubic meters of steam, 375 cubic meters of oxygen and 960 cubic meters of air (measured at N. T. P.) is tangentially introduced per hour through the nozzles 7 at the periphery of the chamber. 12,500 cubic meters per hour (measured at N. T. P.) of gas having the composition:
56% of CO and H 20% of C0 and H 0 and Of N3 leave through the central opening 8. The temperature of this gas is 1700 C. 600 kilograms of liquid slag are withdrawn per hour through the opening 9 situated at the lowermost point of the chamber.
What we claim is:
1. A process for the production of fuel gases from granular to pulverulent fuels which consists in introducing the total amount of the aforesaid fuel to be gasified and a considerable part of the gaseous gasifying agent used in the reaction into an antechamber arranged directly at the inlet opening of a centrifugal gasification chamber proper, the axis of said antechamber being disposed at a substantial inclination with respect to the axis of said centrifugal gasification chamber proper, effecting gasification of a substantial portion of the pulverulent fuel in said antechamber by reaction with said gaseous gasifying agent, leading the mixture of non-gasified solid fuel, fuel gas and any gasifying agent leaving the antechamber into the centrifugal gasification chamber tangentially, keeping it in rotation therein by tangentially introducing into said centrifugal gasification chamber further amounts of gasifying agent for a length of time sufiicient to effect substantially complete gasification atthe non-gasified solid fuel and for regulating the temperature in such a manner that there is formed a liquid slag, which slag, separates at the periphery of the gasification chamber so that it can be withdrawn in the liquid phase.
12. Process in accordance with claim 1 including increasing continuously the linear velocity of the mixture of u'on-gasified solid fuel, fuel gas and'any gasifying agent flowing through the part of the antech'amber adjacent the gasification chamber proper.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,344,007 Totzek Mar. 14, 1944 2,357,301 Bailey et a1. Sept. 5, 1944 2,558,746 Gaucher July 3, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 338,108 Great Britain Nov. 3, 1930 OTHER REFERENCES Newman: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry," vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 570-571, April 1948.

Claims (1)

1. A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL GASES FROM GRANULAR TO PULVERULENT FUELS WHICH CONSISTS IN INTRODUCING THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF THE AFORESAID FUEL TO BE GASIFIED AND A CONSIDERABLE PART OF THE GASEOUS GASIFYING AGENT USED IN THE REACTION INTO AN ANTECHAMBER ARRANGED DIRECTLY AT THE INLET OPENING OF A CENTRIFUGAL GASIFICATION CHAMBER PROPER, THE AXIS OF SAID ANTECHAMBER BEING DISPOSED AT A SUBSTANTIAL INCLINATION WITH RESPECT TO THE AXIS OF SAID CENTRIFUGAL GASIFICATION CHAMBER PROPER, EFFECTING GASIFICATION OF A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF THE PULVERULENT FUEL IN SAID ANTECHAMBER BY REACTION WITH SAID GASEOUS GASIFYING AGENT, LEADING THE MIXTURE OF NON-GASIFIED SOLID FUEL, FUEL GAS AND ANY GASIFYING AGENT LEAVING THE ANTECHAMBER INTO THE CENTRIFUGAL GASIFICATION CHAMBER TANGENTIALLY, KEEPING IT IN ROTATION THEREIN BY TANGENTIALLY INTRODUCING INTO SAID CENTRIFUGAL GASIFICATION CHAMBER FURTHER AMOUNTS OF GASIFYING AGENT FOR A LENGTH OF TIME SUFFICENT TO EFFECT SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETE GASIFICATION AT THE NON-GASIFIED SOLID FUEL AND FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THERE IS FORMED A LIQUID SLAG, WHICH SLAG, SEPARATES AT THE PERIPHERY OF THE GASIFICATION CHAMBER SO THAT IT CAN BE WITHDRAWN IN THE LIQUID PHASE.
US134915A 1949-02-12 1949-12-24 Production of fuel gases from granular to pulverulent fuels Expired - Lifetime US2878110A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2920945A (en) * 1951-07-14 1960-01-12 Koppers Co Inc Processes for the production of combustible gases
US3273320A (en) * 1963-07-15 1966-09-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Cyclone separator for high temperature operations
US3989477A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-11-02 Wilson Stanley C Gas enriching apparatus
DE2617897A1 (en) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-03 Babcock Ag Coal gasification under pressure - in pressure-tight cyclone and precombustion chamber with refractory embedded cooling tubes
US4957527A (en) * 1989-03-08 1990-09-18 Hnat James G Method and apparatus for heat processing glass batch materials
EP0436056A1 (en) * 1990-01-04 1991-07-10 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for partial combustion of coal
US5979191A (en) * 1997-06-02 1999-11-09 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for melting of glass batch materials
US20120055089A1 (en) * 2010-09-01 2012-03-08 Starlight Energy Holdings LLC System and process for gasifying biomass products

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB338108A (en) * 1929-05-03 1930-11-03 Cecil Howard Lander Improvements in and relating to carrying out chemical and physical processes
US2344007A (en) * 1939-04-18 1944-03-14 Koppers Co Inc Apparatus for the production of efficient fuel gases
US2357301A (en) * 1941-03-07 1944-09-05 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fuel burning method and apparatus
US2558746A (en) * 1948-02-10 1951-07-03 Texas Co Production of carbon monoxide and other gases from carbonaceous materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB338108A (en) * 1929-05-03 1930-11-03 Cecil Howard Lander Improvements in and relating to carrying out chemical and physical processes
US2344007A (en) * 1939-04-18 1944-03-14 Koppers Co Inc Apparatus for the production of efficient fuel gases
US2357301A (en) * 1941-03-07 1944-09-05 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fuel burning method and apparatus
US2558746A (en) * 1948-02-10 1951-07-03 Texas Co Production of carbon monoxide and other gases from carbonaceous materials

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2920945A (en) * 1951-07-14 1960-01-12 Koppers Co Inc Processes for the production of combustible gases
US3273320A (en) * 1963-07-15 1966-09-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Cyclone separator for high temperature operations
US3989477A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-11-02 Wilson Stanley C Gas enriching apparatus
DE2617897A1 (en) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-03 Babcock Ag Coal gasification under pressure - in pressure-tight cyclone and precombustion chamber with refractory embedded cooling tubes
US4957527A (en) * 1989-03-08 1990-09-18 Hnat James G Method and apparatus for heat processing glass batch materials
EP0436056A1 (en) * 1990-01-04 1991-07-10 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for partial combustion of coal
US5979191A (en) * 1997-06-02 1999-11-09 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for melting of glass batch materials
US6209355B1 (en) 1997-06-02 2001-04-03 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Method for melting of glass batch materials
US20120055089A1 (en) * 2010-09-01 2012-03-08 Starlight Energy Holdings LLC System and process for gasifying biomass products
US9296962B2 (en) * 2010-09-01 2016-03-29 Starlight Energy Holdings LLC System and process for gasifying biomass products

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