US2861935A - Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating - Google Patents
Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating Download PDFInfo
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- US2861935A US2861935A US431272A US43127254A US2861935A US 2861935 A US2861935 A US 2861935A US 431272 A US431272 A US 431272A US 43127254 A US43127254 A US 43127254A US 2861935 A US2861935 A US 2861935A
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 DISULPHIDES Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004772 tellurides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004771 selenides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001652 electrophoretic deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000982035 Sparattosyce Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/02—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with inorganic material
Definitions
- Certain inorganic compounds i. e., the sulphides, disulphides, selenides and tellurides of such metals as molybdenum, tungsten, titaniumand uranium are characterized by a laminated or plate-like crystal structure in which the metallic atoms are attached to each other in a single common plane while the non-metallic atoms are attached to the metallic atoms to form layers on both sides of this plane.
- the non-metallic atoms in each of the several crystals thus formed have very little attraction for each other so that these crystals will slip readily with response to each other under the action of low shearing forces.
- non-metallic atoms have an affinity for adjacent metal surfaces so that the crystals attached to such surfaces will exhibit very strong resistance to the action of forces normal to the direction of shear. Consequently, these compounds have excellent lubricating properties and also have excellent anti-seizing properties.
- laminated metallic lubricating agents has been selected to denotecompoundsof this class.
- the relative proportions of the-reducible compounds and lubricating agents are such that the lubricant adheres uniformly to the structure until the structure is subjected to a metal-working operation. During this operation the coating, while supplying the desired amount of lubricating, is progressively worn away or stripped from the structure.
- the term sacrificial layer has been selected to denote this type of coating.
- These low friction modifying agents include as a subclass all laminated metallic lubricating agents and further include substances, for example, graphite, which have low friction properties and which are not included in this subclass.)
- the low friction coating thus formed is permanent and is not appreciably worn away or stripped from the structure during a metal working operation.
- Still a further object is to provide improved processes of the character indicated wherein particles of the laminated metallic lubricating agent are first coated with metal before the electrophoretic deposition operation is initiated.
- the laminated metallic lubricating agent in comminuted form is first treated in such manner that each particle is completely coated with a thin layer of metal. These coated particles are then mixed with particles of a reducible metallic compound and this mixture is electrophoretically codeposited on the surface of a base metal member. The coated member is then heated in a reducing atmosphere until the metallic compound is reduced to metal and forms a metal matrix which is bonded to the base member and which in turn entraps and bonds the metal coated lubricating agent particles to the member to form a lubricant coating.
- metal coating on the coated particles is so thin that it can be immediately worn away in use or can be readily removed by chemical action so that lubricating or low friction'properties come into immediate effectiveness. In this manner the lubricating agent particles are rendered chemically inactive during the reductionoperation and there is no impairment of the lubricating or low friction properties of the resultant coating.
- the metal coating operation can be carried out by a number of well-known techniques, including, for example, ball milling, electroplating, precipitation and spraying.
- Electrophoretic deposition occurs when an electrostatic field is established between two electrodes immersed within a colloidal or gross dispersion of charged particles, thus causing migration of the suspended particles toward one of the electrodes and producing a deposit of an adherent coating on that electrode. Exceptional uniformity of coating thickness and compactness (with a relatively high coating density) are obtained as compared with dipping, spraying, brush and other more conventional methods of application. Irregularly shaped objects can be coated With excellent uniformity and reproducibility of coating. A complete description of the electrophoretic process will be found in our copending application S. N. 386,882, filed October 19, 1953.
- Example I A coating 1 to 10 mils thick containing 77% by weight of copper oxide and 22% by weight of molybdenum disulphide particles. was electrophore'tically deposited out of organic media onto a stainless steel sheet in the manner outlined in the above-mentioned copending application S. N. 404,796.
- the sheet was then fired in an atmosphere of hydrogen at a sint'ering temperature for a maximum period of 30 seconds.
- Subsequent cross-sectional analysis established that the copper oxide had been reduced to copper in the form of 'a matrix bonded by c'odiffusion to the surface of the sheet.
- Molybdenum disulphide particles were found to be entrapped within the pores of the copper matrix.
- particles of metallic molybdenum were also found to be entrapped within the pores of the copper matrix. It was therefore concluded that some of the molybdenum disulphide particles had been reduced to metallic molybdenum during the reduction operation.
- Example 11 Comminuted molybdenum disulphide particles were each coated with a thin layer of metallic copper in accordance with a conventional coating process of the type outlined, for example, in circular No. 389 of the U. S. Bureau of Standards. These coated particles were then electrophoretically codeposited with copper(ous) oxide particles on the surface of a stainless steel plate and then heated in a hydrogen atmosphere under the same conditions as outlined in Example 1. Subsequent cross-section'- al analysis established that a copper matrix was formed bonded by codiffusion 'to the surface of the stainless steel plate. The copper coated molybdenum disulphide particles were found to be entrapped within the pores of this matrix and no metallic molybdenum was found to be present.
- Example III coated molybdenum disulphide particles were found to be entrapped within the pores of the nickel matrix. No metallic molybdenum particles were found to be present.
- the coated plate was substantially dipped in a bath of nitric acid to dissolve that portion of the silver coating which was exposed on the outermost surface of the plate.
- the method of applying a lubricant coating to the surface of a metal which comprises the steps of electrophoretically codepositing out of liquid media onto the surface of a metal a coating consisting essentially of a mixture of between 7 0%95% by weight of Comminuted particles of at least one reducible metallic oxide and between 30%5% by weight of metal clad comminuted particles of at least one lubricating agent selected from the group consisting of the sulphides, disulphides, selenides and tellurides of molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium; and heating said coated metal in a reducing atmosphere until said oxide particles are reduced to 'metal in the form of a matrix bonded to said metal, said metal clad particles being entrapped within the pores of said matrix.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
United States Patent C) ELECTROPHDRETIC METHOD OF APPLYING A LUBRICANT COATING Frederick Fahnoe, Morristown, and James J. Shyne, Arlington, N. 1., assignors to Vitro Corporation of America, Verona, N. J.
No Drawing. Application May 20, 1954 Serial No. 431,272
4 Claims. (Cl. 204-181) Our invention relates to lubricated or low friction metal structures and methods for producing the same.
Certain inorganic compounds, i. e., the sulphides, disulphides, selenides and tellurides of such metals as molybdenum, tungsten, titaniumand uranium are characterized by a laminated or plate-like crystal structure in which the metallic atoms are attached to each other in a single common plane while the non-metallic atoms are attached to the metallic atoms to form layers on both sides of this plane. The non-metallic atoms in each of the several crystals thus formed have very little attraction for each other so that these crystals will slip readily with response to each other under the action of low shearing forces. Moreover, the non-metallic atoms have an affinity for adjacent metal surfaces so that the crystals attached to such surfaces will exhibit very strong resistance to the action of forces normal to the direction of shear. Consequently, these compounds have excellent lubricating properties and also have excellent anti-seizing properties. The term laminated metallic lubricating agents has been selected to denotecompoundsof this class.
In our copending application S.,N. 404,796, filed January 18, 1954, now Patent No. 2,830,017, dated April 8, 1958, we disclosed aprocess for depositing a solidlubricant coating on the surfaceof a base member. In this method a mixture of reducible metallic compounds and laminated metallic lubricating agents are electrophoretically codeposited on the surface of a base metallic member and the reducible compound is subsequently reduced to metal to form a metal matrix which is bonded to the base member and which in turn entraps and bonds the lubricating agent or agents .to. the structure to form .a lubricant coating. The relative proportions of the-reducible compounds and lubricating agents are such that the lubricant adheres uniformly to the structure until the structure is subjected to a metal-working operation. During this operation the coating, while supplying the desired amount of lubricating, is progressively worn away or stripped from the structure. The term sacrificial layer has been selected to denote this type of coating.
In our copending application S. N. 402,402, filed January 5, 1954, now Patent No. 2,828,254, dated March 25, 1958, we disclosed a process for depositing a low friction coating on the surface of a base member. This process is similar to that of S. N. 404,796 in that a mixture of reducible metal compounds and friction modifying agents having low co-efiicients of friction are electrophoretically codeposited on the surface of a base metal member and the reducible compound is subsequently reduced to metal to bond the friction modifying agents to the base member. (These low friction modifying agents include as a subclass all laminated metallic lubricating agents and further include substances, for example, graphite, which have low friction properties and which are not included in this subclass.) In this process, however, the low friction coating thus formed is permanent and is not appreciably worn away or stripped from the structure during a metal working operation.
In order to form a sacrificial layer the percentage content by weight of reducible metal compound must fall within the range %80%; in order to form a permanent coating this percentage content must fall within the range %95%.
In our work on both of these processes, we have discovered that when electrophoretically deposited coatings composed of reducible metallic oxides and laminated metallic lubricating agents are formed on a metal base member, and when the subsequent reduction operation is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere at high temperatures, a portion of the laminated metallic lubricating agent used is also reduced to metal and the lubricating or low friction properties of the resultant coating, while still evident, are reduced in effectiveness.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide improved processes and coatings of the character indicated in which the lubricating properties are not impaired under the above conditions.
It is a further object to provide improved processes of the character indicated wherein the laminated metallic lubricating agent is rendered chemically inactive before the reducing operation is initiated.
Still a further object is to provide improved processes of the character indicated wherein particles of the laminated metallic lubricating agent are first coated with metal before the electrophoretic deposition operation is initiated.
In our invention the laminated metallic lubricating agent in comminuted form is first treated in such manner that each particle is completely coated with a thin layer of metal. These coated particles are then mixed with particles of a reducible metallic compound and this mixture is electrophoretically codeposited on the surface of a base metal member. The coated member is then heated in a reducing atmosphere until the metallic compound is reduced to metal and forms a metal matrix which is bonded to the base member and which in turn entraps and bonds the metal coated lubricating agent particles to the member to form a lubricant coating. The
metal coating on the coated particles is so thin that it can be immediately worn away in use or can be readily removed by chemical action so that lubricating or low friction'properties come into immediate effectiveness. In this manner the lubricating agent particles are rendered chemically inactive during the reductionoperation and there is no impairment of the lubricating or low friction properties of the resultant coating.
The metal coating operation can be carried out bya number of well-known techniques, including, for example, ball milling, electroplating, precipitation and spraying.
Electrophoretic deposition occurs when an electrostatic field is established between two electrodes immersed within a colloidal or gross dispersion of charged particles, thus causing migration of the suspended particles toward one of the electrodes and producing a deposit of an adherent coating on that electrode. Exceptional uniformity of coating thickness and compactness (with a relatively high coating density) are obtained as compared with dipping, spraying, brush and other more conventional methods of application. Irregularly shaped objects can be coated With excellent uniformity and reproducibility of coating. A complete description of the electrophoretic process will be found in our copending application S. N. 386,882, filed October 19, 1953.
The following examples set forth certain well-defined instances of the application of this invention. They are, however, not to be considered as limitations thereof since many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
3 Example I A coating 1 to 10 mils thick containing 77% by weight of copper oxide and 22% by weight of molybdenum disulphide particles. was electrophore'tically deposited out of organic media onto a stainless steel sheet in the manner outlined in the above-mentioned copending application S. N. 404,796.
The sheet was then fired in an atmosphere of hydrogen at a sint'ering temperature for a maximum period of 30 seconds. Subsequent cross-sectional analysis established that the copper oxide had been reduced to copper in the form of 'a matrix bonded by c'odiffusion to the surface of the sheet. Molybdenum disulphide particles were found to be entrapped within the pores of the copper matrix. However, particles of metallic molybdenum were also found to be entrapped within the pores of the copper matrix. It was therefore concluded that some of the molybdenum disulphide particles had been reduced to metallic molybdenum during the reduction operation.
Example 11 Comminuted molybdenum disulphide particles were each coated with a thin layer of metallic copper in accordance with a conventional coating process of the type outlined, for example, in circular No. 389 of the U. S. Bureau of Standards. These coated particles were then electrophoretically codeposited with copper(ous) oxide particles on the surface of a stainless steel plate and then heated in a hydrogen atmosphere under the same conditions as outlined in Example 1. Subsequent cross-section'- al analysis established that a copper matrix was formed bonded by codiffusion 'to the surface of the stainless steel plate. The copper coated molybdenum disulphide particles were found to be entrapped within the pores of this matrix and no metallic molybdenum was found to be present.
Example III coated molybdenum disulphide particles were found to be entrapped within the pores of the nickel matrix. No metallic molybdenum particles were found to be present.
The coated plate was substantially dipped in a bath of nitric acid to dissolve that portion of the silver coating which was exposed on the outermost surface of the plate.
As many apparent different embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and it is to be understood that we do not intend to limit ourselves to the specific embodiments shown, but are limited only to the invention as defined in the claims which follow.
We claim:
1. The method of applying a lubricant coating to the surface of a metal which comprises the steps of electrophoretically codepositing out of liquid media onto the surface of a metal a coating consisting essentially of a mixture of between 7 0%95% by weight of Comminuted particles of at least one reducible metallic oxide and between 30%5% by weight of metal clad comminuted particles of at least one lubricating agent selected from the group consisting of the sulphides, disulphides, selenides and tellurides of molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium; and heating said coated metal in a reducing atmosphere until said oxide particles are reduced to 'metal in the form of a matrix bonded to said metal, said metal clad particles being entrapped within the pores of said matrix.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said liquid media is an organic media.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said reducing atmosphere is a hydrogen atmosphere.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1 including the further step of chemically removing the metal cladding from the surface exposed portions of the entrapped metal clad particles.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,922,221 Steenbecketal Aug. 15, 1933 2,202,054 Hensel et al May 28, 1940 2,488,731 Lambert et al Nov. 22, 1949 2,530,546 Snyder Nov. 21, 1950 2,576,362 Rimbach Nov. 27, 1951 2,640,024 Palmateer May 26, 1953 2,650,975 Dorst Sept. 1, 1953 2,708,726 Atherton May 17, 1955 2,711,980 DeSantis etal June 28, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,044,212 France June 17, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,861,935 November 25, 1958 Frederick Fahnoe et a1.
or appears in the printed specification It is hereby certified that err 11 and that the said Letters of the above numbered patent requiring correctio Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 4, line 1, for "substantially" read subsequently Signed and sealed this 3rd day of March 1959.
(SEAL) Attest:
KARL H. AXLINE Attesting Oflicer ROBERT C. WATSON Commissioner of Patents
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF APPLYING A LUBRICANT COATING TO THE SURFACE OF A METAL WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF ELECTROPHORETICALLY CODEPOSITING OUT OF LIQUID MEDIA ONTO THE SURFACE OF A METAL A COATING CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MIXTURE OF BETWEEN 70%-95% BY WEIGHT OF COMMINUTED PARTICLES OF AT LEAST ONE REDUCIBLE METALLIC OXIDE AND BETWEEN 30%-5% BY WEIGHT OF METAL CLAD COMMINUTED PARTICLES OF AT LEAST ONE LUBRICATING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE SULPHIDES, DISULPHIDES, SELENIDES AND TELLURIDES OF MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN, AND TITANIUM; AND HEATING SAID COATED METAL IN A REDUCING ATMOSPHERE UNTIL SAID OXIDE PARTICLES ARE REDUCED TO METAL IN THE FORM OF A MATRIX BONDED TO SAID METAL, SAID METAL CLAD PARTICLES BEING ENTRAPPED WITHIN THE PORES OF SAID MATRIX.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US431272A US2861935A (en) | 1954-05-20 | 1954-05-20 | Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US431272A US2861935A (en) | 1954-05-20 | 1954-05-20 | Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| US2861935A true US2861935A (en) | 1958-11-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US431272A Expired - Lifetime US2861935A (en) | 1954-05-20 | 1954-05-20 | Electrophoretic method of applying a lubricant coating |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US2861935A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2900320A (en) * | 1956-07-09 | 1959-08-18 | Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald | Solid separation by electrophoretic means |
| US2994654A (en) * | 1958-02-04 | 1961-08-01 | Vitro Corp Of America | Method of forming a lubricating element by electrophoresis |
| US2999798A (en) * | 1955-12-09 | 1961-09-12 | Daimler Benz Ag | Method of producing a wear-resisting surface on a metal element |
| US3434942A (en) * | 1963-12-04 | 1969-03-25 | Vandervell Products Ltd | Electrodeposition of lead and polytetrafluoroethylene |
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| US1922221A (en) * | 1929-07-20 | 1933-08-15 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Resistance material |
| US2202054A (en) * | 1939-05-02 | 1940-05-28 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact element |
| US2488731A (en) * | 1942-03-21 | 1949-11-22 | Gen Electric | Electron-emitting electrode for electric discharge tubes |
| US2530546A (en) * | 1946-06-08 | 1950-11-21 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrophoretic deposition of insulating coating |
| US2576362A (en) * | 1947-10-08 | 1951-11-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrophoretic method of coating wire with graphite |
| US2640024A (en) * | 1948-11-02 | 1953-05-26 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Electrophoretic borating of copper wire |
| US2650975A (en) * | 1950-03-15 | 1953-09-01 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrically insulated conductor and production thereof |
| FR1044212A (en) * | 1950-10-28 | 1953-11-16 | Loewe Opta Ag | Method for manufacturing oxide cathodes with indirect heating |
| US2708726A (en) * | 1948-12-04 | 1955-05-17 | Emi Ltd | Electron discharge device employing secondary electron emission and method of making same |
| US2711980A (en) * | 1951-05-11 | 1955-06-28 | Itt | Method of forming protective coatings for metallic surfaces |
-
1954
- 1954-05-20 US US431272A patent/US2861935A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1922221A (en) * | 1929-07-20 | 1933-08-15 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Resistance material |
| US2202054A (en) * | 1939-05-02 | 1940-05-28 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact element |
| US2488731A (en) * | 1942-03-21 | 1949-11-22 | Gen Electric | Electron-emitting electrode for electric discharge tubes |
| US2530546A (en) * | 1946-06-08 | 1950-11-21 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrophoretic deposition of insulating coating |
| US2576362A (en) * | 1947-10-08 | 1951-11-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrophoretic method of coating wire with graphite |
| US2640024A (en) * | 1948-11-02 | 1953-05-26 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Electrophoretic borating of copper wire |
| US2708726A (en) * | 1948-12-04 | 1955-05-17 | Emi Ltd | Electron discharge device employing secondary electron emission and method of making same |
| US2650975A (en) * | 1950-03-15 | 1953-09-01 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrically insulated conductor and production thereof |
| FR1044212A (en) * | 1950-10-28 | 1953-11-16 | Loewe Opta Ag | Method for manufacturing oxide cathodes with indirect heating |
| US2711980A (en) * | 1951-05-11 | 1955-06-28 | Itt | Method of forming protective coatings for metallic surfaces |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2999798A (en) * | 1955-12-09 | 1961-09-12 | Daimler Benz Ag | Method of producing a wear-resisting surface on a metal element |
| US2900320A (en) * | 1956-07-09 | 1959-08-18 | Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald | Solid separation by electrophoretic means |
| US2994654A (en) * | 1958-02-04 | 1961-08-01 | Vitro Corp Of America | Method of forming a lubricating element by electrophoresis |
| US3434942A (en) * | 1963-12-04 | 1969-03-25 | Vandervell Products Ltd | Electrodeposition of lead and polytetrafluoroethylene |
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