US2856133A - Continuous crusher with fracturing disc obliquely overlying a material filled container - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 14, 1958 v R, NI ETAL 2,856,133

' CONTINUOUS CRUSHER WITH FRACTURING DISC OBLIQUELY OVERLAYING A MATERIAL FILLED CONTAINER Filed Feb. 27, 1956 25 36 @010 A v "I I v f ll I Z? J ROBERT D. DEN/NG- 6 50 LESLIE H- GARL/NGHOUSE,

INVENTORS.

H UEBNER, BEEHLER,

WORREL C9 HERZIG,

ATTORNEYS.

B UM @M a United States Patent M CONTINUOUS CRUSHER WITH FRACTURING DISC OBLIQUELY OVERLYING A MATERIAL FILLED CONTAINER Robert D. Dening, Montebello, and Leslie H. Garlinghouse, Pasadena, Calif., assignors, by direct and mesne assignments, to Garlinghouse Brothers, Los Angeles, Calif., a co-partnership Application February 27, 1956, Serial No. 567,994

3 Claims. (Cl. 241-90) The invention relates to crushing apparatus and has particular reference to a high-power apparatus particularly well adapted to pulverizing substances such as stone and gravel.

' The crushing of rock, gravel and similar substances economically and at a dependable rapid rate has prompted a variety of developments in crusher design. Because of the highly resistant character of materials such as rock, crushing operations have a very great wearing eflect upon machinery. The trend in'development for that reason has been to a large extent directed to so designing wheels and hammers and so selecting and compounding the metals from which they are made that they will be capable of resisting abrasion and wear.

In many types of machinery heretofore employed the designing has had to take into consideration many shocks and strains of which the crushing operation is productive and which have a very marked tendency to shorten the lifetime of crushing machinery.

Moreover, with crushing machinery heretofore available it has been difiicult and costly because of the weight involved to fabricate such machinery in small units of sufiicient capacity and strength to do an effective crushing job. Hence crushers and crusher plants become relatively costly installations and become economically feasible only where there is a relatively heavy demand for the crushed material.

It is therefore among the objects of the invention to provide a new and improved crushing device which is continuous in its operation and which is of such design that it can be constructed economically in relatively L small units when needed.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved crusher for hard and brittle materials which by reason of its action is adapted to make use of the material itself as a crushing medium whereby in effect harder particles to a large extent crush softer particles, thereby minimizing the direct work required of the crushing elements of the machinery itself.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved crushing device which is capable of producing a high-powered crushing motion, the components of which act in a direction most favorable to produce effective crushing and which is sufiiciently efficient as to be capable of being operated by high speed, low power motor sources.

Still further among the objects of the invention is to provide a new and improved high power crushing device which can be built in a small package capable of a high degree of pulverization in a continuous operation and wherein the speed can be readily controlled as might be needed to accommodate different kinds of material fed to the device for pulverization.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of the device whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter set forth,

2,856,133 Patented Oct. 14, 1958 lCe pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a form of the device showing-a bowl-shaped crushing hopper.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the same crushing components mounted for operation on material carried by a sloping conveyor.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the effect of crushing action on a mixture of brittle aggregate.

In an embodiment chosen for the purpose of illustration there is shown a stationary supporting frame comprising columns 10 mounted on a base 11 and supporting a hanger 12 of such size and dimension as is capable of accommodating a crushing bowl 13. The bowl is semi-spherical in form to accommodate the natural action of a mass of hard material 14 as the material undergoes the crushing operation. Throughout the lower arcuate portion of the bowl is a multiplicity of perforations 15 through which the material after it is crushed passes outwardly.

A feed hopper 16 is supported by suitable means on the frame and feeds through asloping trough 17 into the upper portion of the bowl 13. A tray 18 is hung on the columns below the bowl and may be slopedl as indicated so that the crushed material may be dumped into a transfer bucket 19 wihch can be removed when filled for replacement with another similar bucket.

Mounted on some stationary support such as the frame is a beam in which is rotatably mounted a shaft 26. The shaft in turn is connected by means of a train of gears 27, 28 and 29 to a gear 30 on a drive shaft 31 of a motor 32. The motor in turn is shown as supported by a motor bracket 33 on the frame.

At the lower or free end of the shaft 26 is a head 34 on the lower side of which is a thrust face 35. Ex-

tending outwardly and downwardly from the thrust face is a stub shaft 36, an axis 37 of which is inclined obliquely with respect to an axis 38 of the shaft 26.

On the stub shaft is a set of combined rotation and thrust bearings 39 and 40, these being contained within a hub 41 and a working disc 42. There is also illustrated a thrust collar 43 upon which is positioned a flange 44 by means of which load is transferred between the head and the working disc.

On the working disc is a shoe 45 of wear-resistant material attached by means of screws 46.

In operation the material 14 is fed into the feed hopper 16 and falls by gravity along the sloping trough 17 into the upper end of the bowl 13. When the bowl is full or nearly full, the motor may be started, action of which rotates the shaft 26 and causes the stub shaft to rotate about the shaft 26. Simultaneously the working disc 42 is carried around by motion of the stub-shaft and the working disc being rotatable upon the stub shaft is permitted to rotate when its motion is resisted by frictional contact with the material being crushed. Motion of the shoe 45 on the disc 42 is in a generally vertical reciprocating direction. More particularly the force transmitted from the rotating shaft 26 to the disc 42 is generally in the direction of the axis 37 of the stub shaft which results in components in a vertical direction and in a horizontal direction. The power initially supplied by the motor is translated through the gear train, and what may be described as a wobble train, to the shoe of the working disc. Speed will be reduced appreciably and thrust correspondingly increased. The action of the working disc moreover is something of a kneading action which tends to circulate particles of the material about in the bowl at the same time that a crushing pressure is applied to them. The crushing pressure is effective both vertically and horizontally. As a result,

- due to the resistance of" the bottom of the bowl, harder particles 50 tend to be forced against softer particles-51, the eifect of which is to fracture the softer particles first. Action of. the working disc, however, is sufficiently strong to cause a crushing of all of the particles either by action against each other, wherein most of the pulverization takes place, or by action directly of the shoe against the particles or the particles against the bottom of the bowl T3.

In practice it has been found that the more finely pulverized material tends to be worked toward the bottom of the bowl. Intermediately crushed and fine aggregate material begins to be created in the mass of material in the bowl and gradually finds its way downwardly during a continuous crushing operation so that by the time the particles reach the surface at the inside of. the bowl at the bottom they are usually very finely pulverized. The pulverized particles in the form of dust '52 falls to the tray 18 and ultimately into the bucket 19. The degree of pulverization can be controlled by the size of the perforations 15 in the form of device illustrated in Figure, 1. Because of the constant action and pressure exerted by one particle against another, all of the material in the bowl will ultimately be crushed to the degree of fineness determined by the sizeof the perforations 15.

In the form of device illustrated in Figure 2 material to be crushed may be carried past the working disc by a conveyor 55. As shown the conveyor may be provided with sides 56 and a bottom 57, the bottom being formed with a multiplicity of perforations 58 of a selected diameter. The conveyor is shown mounted upon rollers 59 and 60 carried by shafts 61 which in turn are supported on a suitable framework 62. The same framework by suitable conventional means may, if desired, be employed to support the shaft 26 of the working disc 42.

By reason of the fact that the resultant efifect of power applied by the working disc can be made to assume a desired direction depending upon the degree of tilt between the axes of the shaft 26 and stub shaft 36, this factor can be taken advantage of in determining the slope of the conveyor'55 and the other relationships built into this particular arrangement of parts. The relationship chosen will depend to a degree upon the amount of crushing desired as material 63 travels under the crushing disc moved by the conveyor. Should a greater amount of crushing be desired, the amount of tilt of the conveyor can be lessened. Other adjustments are of course comparable in the particular working disc chosen fora specific operation, its diameter and its tilted relationship with respect to the rotating shaft 26. Pulverized material may be taken off as shown through the perforations 58 or if need be the conveyor can be arranged to carry the mass of material in its newly crushed condition without separation taking place. Although not shown, this embodiment of the invention permits arrangement of the working discs in series to progressively crush the material one after another as it is passed along by the conveyor.

There has been described in the details heretofore presented a crushing medium of very high power sufficiently efficient so that it is capable of being made in virtually any workable size whether for very small operations or very large operations. The structure lends itself to operation individually and in series depending upon the result desired. By reason of the action possible in the working disc, very great advantage can be taken of the crushing action of particles of material against each other, thereby to make an effective machine which will stand up under long periods of wear.

While we have herein shown and described our invention in what we have conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is recognized that departures may be made therefrom within the scope of our invention, which is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein but is to be accorded the full scope of the claims so as to embrace any and all equivalent devices.

Having described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A crushing unit for fracturing materials comprising a frame, a shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, a source of power on the frame having a rotating connec tion to the shaft, a fracturing disc rotatably mounted on the shaft with the axis of rotation at an oblique angle relative to the axis of the shaft, said shaft and the disc being rotatably mounted at a fixed position on said frame, a container for material to be fractured having all material holding portions spaced from the disc at all positionsof the latter, a feed trough directed into the container and a collecting tray below said hopper for reception of fractured material.

2. A crushing unit for fracturing materials comprising a frame, a shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, a source of poweron the frame having a rotating connection to the shaft, a fracturing disc rotatably mounted on the shaft with the axis of rotation at an oblique angle relative to the axis of the shaft, said shaft and said disc being rotatably mounted at a fixed position on said frame, a bowl-shaped container having a circumference exceeding the circumference of the disc and having a location adjacent to and spaced from the disc, said container having perforations 'therethrough, a feed trough directed into the hopper and a collecting tray below the hopper for fractured material.

3. The crusher unit as claimed in claim 2 in which the bowl has a spherical contour.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 4,478 Ostrander Apr. 25, 1846 350,225 Wanneveich Oct. 5, 1886 521,810 Perky June 26, 1894 559,980 Kinkead May 12, 1896 1,767,353 Dorlodot June 24, 1930 2,297,391 Conradi Sept. 29, 1942

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