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US2847375A - Apparatus for corrosion prevention - Google Patents

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US2847375A
US2847375A US367678A US36767853A US2847375A US 2847375 A US2847375 A US 2847375A US 367678 A US367678 A US 367678A US 36767853 A US36767853 A US 36767853A US 2847375 A US2847375 A US 2847375A
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mass
metal
bibulous
surface level
lowest surface
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US367678A
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Gordon J W Murphy
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Texaco Inc
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Texaco Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/20—Constructional parts or assemblies of the anodic or cathodic protection apparatus
    • C23F2213/22—Constructional parts or assemblies of the anodic or cathodic protection apparatus characterized by the ionic conductor, e.g. humectant, hydratant or backfill
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
    • C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/0017—Means for protecting offshore constructions
    • E02B17/0026—Means for protecting offshore constructions against corrosion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a ,novel method of and apparatus for protecting against. corrosionua metal member having a part that is normally wet only intermittently byV electrolyte from a bodyof electrolyte. More' par,- ticularly the invention concerns protecting against corro- -sion such structural members as steel piling andoil well p ipes which are located in the ⁇ water of seas, lakes, and rivers.
  • Figure l is a graph showing the relative amounts of corrosion occurring on various 'parts of an unprotected steelmember exposed to the sepa, based on Cor-rosiou, vol. 5, page 292;
  • Figures 2 and 3 arek vertical sectional viewsjparts being in elevation, showing two forms -of apparausl in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure l shows thaty the maximum corrosion rate is in the splash zone (zone 2) above high tide, but that substantial corrosion also occurs in the tidal zone (zone 3) between the low and high tide marks.
  • Cathodic protection reduces corrosion of submerged parts of such a steel member (zone 4; and zone 3 only periodically), but serious corrosion still has occurred above the low tide mark.
  • Prior to the present invention no way was known for cathodcally protecting parts of a steel pile or other structural metal member against corrosion when not submerged within the water.
  • sea water will be used for simplicity to describe one type of electrolyte to which metal members are exposed, but it is to be understood that the principles of the invention apply also when metal members are subject to corrosion by other electrolytes.
  • a novel method for cathodically protecting against corrosion a metal member having at least a part that is normally wet only intermittently by sea water in its broadest aspect my invention involves artificially maintaining a body of an electrolyte continuously in contact with the exposed parts of the metal member while impressing a protective electrical current on the member to counteract its normally anodic state .and make it cathodic.
  • an electrolyte is maintained in contact with the exposed parts of the metal member by surrounding such parts with a bibulous mass of material soaked with electrolyte.
  • the soaking electrolyte is the sea water, to which the bibulous mass is exposed, Sea water is absorbed by the bibulous mass and retained therein during periods when in the sea nearby or in the bibulous mass; or bytheV use 2,847,375 Patented Aug. 12, 1958 ice the metal parts are out of Contact with the body of seav water.
  • the presence of this retained electrolyte around the highly corrodable parts of the metal structural member makes it possible to impress a protective electrical current continuously thereon.
  • a protective electrical current can be impressed -on the structural member by electrical connection tothe negative pole of a battery or other source of direct current whose positive pole is connected to a nearby anode of metal, graphite, or the like, which is submerged either of a sacricial anode of a. metal or .alloy jwhic'h has a higher anodic solution potential than does the material of the structural member.
  • Izprefer ⁇ to use a sacricial metal anode which, when the structural member is iron, .advantageously is formed of such metals .as
  • FIG. 2 One specific apparatus for performing the'method clel f: scribed above is shown in Figure 2,' wherein a steel structural member 11 such as a vertical. pile or oil wellv pipe extends from above the surface of the sea 13 ⁇ down. into the latter and into the mud 15 at the bottom.
  • Thev part of the member 11 extending from slightly below the low tide mark 17 to slightly above the top of the splash zone 19 is surrounded by a porous shell 21 spaced annularly from member 11 and having a bottom 23, to form a hollow container.
  • Shell 21 can be formed of any suitable sea-water-permeable material such as heavy cloth, woven wire screen, wood slats, or porous plastic.
  • Shell 21 is packed with a bibulous mass 25 of material which will absorb water from the sea 13 to keep the wall of member 11 permanently wet from slightly above the top of splash zone 19 down to low tide mark 17.
  • Suitable materials for the bibulous mass 25 are bonded or unbonded sawdust, or such mineral particles as bentonite clay, gypsum, or a mixture of gypsum with bentonite (20%) and sodium sulfate (5%), but it is evident that many other bonded or unbonded absorptive materials could be used within the scope of the invention.
  • Extension of the shell Z1 and the mass 25 to a position below the low tide mark assures that the mass 2S will remain wet by its wick action on the water from the sea 13. This wick action is supplemented by the water absorbed at high tide and by the splashing of waves.
  • a protective electrical current advantageously is impressed on the structural member 11 by embedding a sacrificial anode 26 of magnesium or other sacrificial anodic material within the bibulous mass 25 in spaced relationship to member 11 and the walls of shell 21, and connecting the anode to the member 11 by an electrical connection 27.
  • the whole structural member 11 is constantly protected against corrosion even when parts of it are exposed above the low tide mark or are splashed by waves.
  • the structural member 11 is surrounded by a bibulous mass 25 contained within a shell 21', as in Figure 2.
  • the sacrificial anode 26' is not embedded within the mass 25 but is suspended within the sea 13' below the low tide mark 17', and is electrically connected to the mass 11 by an external electrical connection 27. It is essential in this modification that the bibulous mass 25' be in electrical contact with the sea 13 at all times if continuous cathodic protection is to be obtained.
  • a metal member which extends from above the surface of a body of an aqueous electrolyte down into said body below the lowest surface level reached thereby, said member having at least a part thereof above said lowest surface llevel that is normally wet only intermittently by aqueous electrolyte from said body; a bibulous mass of material coextensively surrounding and contacting said part and extending down below said lowest surface level; an aqueous electrolyte permeable shell coextensively surrounding and contacting said mass and retaining said mass in contact with said metal member; a sacrificial metal anode of metal which has a higher anodic solution potential than does the material of said metal member, said anode being entirely imbedded within said mass in spaced relationship to said member and said shell and connected electrically to said metal member in a manner to permit autogenous generation and impression of electrical current upon said metal member.
  • a structural iron member which extends from above the surface of a body of water down into said body below the lowest surface level reached thereby, said member having at leasty a part thereof above said lowest surface level that is normally wet only intermittently by Awater from said body, a bibulous mass of material coextensively surrounding and contacting said part and extending above and below said lowest surface level, a shell of water permeablematerial coextensively surrounding and contacting said mass in a manner to retain said mass in contact with said member, the top edge of said shell being annularly spaced from said member, the bottom edge of said shell being in direct continuous contact with said member; a sacricial anodeof metal which has a higher anodic potential than iron, said yanode being entirely imbedded within said mass in spaced relationship to said member and said shell, said anode ,exf tending from above to below said lowest surface level and being' connected electrically to said iron member to permit autogenous generation and impression of electrical current upon said member.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)

Description

2,847,375 APPARATUS FOR CORROSIN PRVENTION f Gordonl I. W. Murphy, Houston, Tex.,1assignor to The Texasv Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware y Application July 13, 19753, 'Serial No. 367,678
2 claims. (cnam-197) This invention relates to a ,novel method of and apparatus for protecting against. corrosionua metal member having a part that is normally wet only intermittently byV electrolyte from a bodyof electrolyte. More' par,- ticularly the invention concerns protecting against corro- -sion such structural members as steel piling andoil well p ipes which are located in the `water of seas, lakes, and rivers.
In the drawingsy illustrating the present invention:
Figure l is a graph showing the relative amounts of corrosion occurring on various 'parts of an unprotected steelmember exposed to the sepa, based on Cor-rosiou, vol. 5, page 292; and
Figures 2 and 3 arek vertical sectional viewsjparts being in elevation, showing two forms -of apparausl in accordance with the invention.
When metal structural members are employed in or `near a body of water, for example when offshore oil Well drilling platforms are supported by steel piles driven into the mud at the bottom of the sea, serious corrosion occurs not only of the part of the piling which is continuously submerged but also of the part above the low tide mark which is only intermittently wet by changes in the tidal level and by the splashing of waves.
Figure l shows thaty the maximum corrosion rate is in the splash zone (zone 2) above high tide, but that substantial corrosion also occurs in the tidal zone (zone 3) between the low and high tide marks. Cathodic protection reduces corrosion of submerged parts of such a steel member (zone 4; and zone 3 only periodically), but serious corrosion still has occurred above the low tide mark. Prior to the present invention no way was known for cathodcally protecting parts of a steel pile or other structural metal member against corrosion when not submerged within the water.
In the following description the term sea water will be used for simplicity to describe one type of electrolyte to which metal members are exposed, but it is to be understood that the principles of the invention apply also when metal members are subject to corrosion by other electrolytes.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a novel method for cathodically protecting against corrosion a metal member having at least a part that is normally wet only intermittently by sea water. In its broadest aspect my invention involves artificially maintaining a body of an electrolyte continuously in contact with the exposed parts of the metal member while impressing a protective electrical current on the member to counteract its normally anodic state .and make it cathodic.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention an electrolyte is maintained in contact with the exposed parts of the metal member by surrounding such parts with a bibulous mass of material soaked with electrolyte. Usually the soaking electrolyte is the sea water, to which the bibulous mass is exposed, Sea water is absorbed by the bibulous mass and retained therein during periods when in the sea nearby or in the bibulous mass; or bytheV use 2,847,375 Patented Aug. 12, 1958 ice the metal parts are out of Contact with the body of seav water. The presence of this retained electrolyte around the highly corrodable parts of the metal structural member makes it possible to impress a protective electrical current continuously thereon.
A protective electrical current can be impressed -on the structural member by electrical connection tothe negative pole of a battery or other source of direct current whose positive pole is connected to a nearby anode of metal, graphite, or the like, which is submerged either of a sacricial anode of a. metal or .alloy jwhic'h has a higher anodic solution potential than does the material of the structural member. For simplicity Izprefer `to use a sacricial metal anode which, when the structural member is iron, .advantageously is formed of such metals .as
zinc, aluminum, magnesium, or alloys of these metals One specific apparatus for performing the'method clel f: scribed above is shown in Figure 2,' wherein a steel structural member 11 such as a vertical. pile or oil wellv pipe extends from above the surface of the sea 13` down. into the latter and into the mud 15 at the bottom. Thev part of the member 11 extending from slightly below the low tide mark 17 to slightly above the top of the splash zone 19 is surrounded by a porous shell 21 spaced annularly from member 11 and having a bottom 23, to form a hollow container. Shell 21 can be formed of any suitable sea-water-permeable material such as heavy cloth, woven wire screen, wood slats, or porous plastic.
Shell 21 is packed with a bibulous mass 25 of material which will absorb water from the sea 13 to keep the wall of member 11 permanently wet from slightly above the top of splash zone 19 down to low tide mark 17. Suitable materials for the bibulous mass 25 are bonded or unbonded sawdust, or such mineral particles as bentonite clay, gypsum, or a mixture of gypsum with bentonite (20%) and sodium sulfate (5%), but it is evident that many other bonded or unbonded absorptive materials could be used within the scope of the invention. Extension of the shell Z1 and the mass 25 to a position below the low tide mark assures that the mass 2S will remain wet by its wick action on the water from the sea 13. This wick action is supplemented by the water absorbed at high tide and by the splashing of waves.
A protective electrical current advantageously is impressed on the structural member 11 by embedding a sacrificial anode 26 of magnesium or other sacrificial anodic material within the bibulous mass 25 in spaced relationship to member 11 and the walls of shell 21, and connecting the anode to the member 11 by an electrical connection 27.
With the construction described above the whole structural member 11 is constantly protected against corrosion even when parts of it are exposed above the low tide mark or are splashed by waves.
In the modication shown in Figure 3 the structural member 11 is surrounded by a bibulous mass 25 contained within a shell 21', as in Figure 2. Here, however, the sacrificial anode 26' is not embedded within the mass 25 but is suspended within the sea 13' below the low tide mark 17', and is electrically connected to the mass 11 by an external electrical connection 27. It is essential in this modification that the bibulous mass 25' be in electrical contact with the sea 13 at all times if continuous cathodic protection is to be obtained.
From the foregoing description it is evident that there have been devised an improved method and apparatus for protecting metal structural members from corrosion when they are located at places where parts are only intermittentlywet. While the principles have been described primarily as applied to such structural members asvertical steel piles and offshore oil Wellpipes, it is apparent that they apply equally to the protection of other types of structural members subjected to similar corrosive conditions such as beams, plates, and more complex structures, whether vertical or otherwise.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.
I'claim:
1. In combination a metal member which extends from above the surface of a body of an aqueous electrolyte down into said body below the lowest surface level reached thereby, said member having at least a part thereof above said lowest surface llevel that is normally wet only intermittently by aqueous electrolyte from said body; a bibulous mass of material coextensively surrounding and contacting said part and extending down below said lowest surface level; an aqueous electrolyte permeable shell coextensively surrounding and contacting said mass and retaining said mass in contact with said metal member; a sacrificial metal anode of metal which has a higher anodic solution potential than does the material of said metal member, said anode being entirely imbedded within said mass in spaced relationship to said member and said shell and connected electrically to said metal member in a manner to permit autogenous generation and impression of electrical current upon said metal member.
2. In combination a structural iron member which extends from above the surface of a body of water down into said body below the lowest surface level reached thereby, said member having at leasty a part thereof above said lowest surface level that is normally wet only intermittently by Awater from said body, a bibulous mass of material coextensively surrounding and contacting said part and extending above and below said lowest surface level, a shell of water permeablematerial coextensively surrounding and contacting said mass in a manner to retain said mass in contact with said member, the top edge of said shell being annularly spaced from said member, the bottom edge of said shell being in direct continuous contact with said member; a sacricial anodeof metal which has a higher anodic potential than iron, said yanode being entirely imbedded within said mass in spaced relationship to said member and said shell, said anode ,exf tending from above to below said lowest surface level and being' connected electrically to said iron member to permit autogenous generation and impression of electrical current upon said member.
Y References Cited in the le of this patent y UNITED STATES PATENTS Scott Feb. 24, 1942

Claims (1)

1. IN COMBINATION A METAL MEMBER WHICH EXTENDS FROM ABOVE THE SURFACE OF A BODY OF AN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE DOWN INTO SAID BODY BELOW THE LOWEST SURFACE LEVEL REACHED THEREBY, SAID MEMBER HAVING AT LEAST A PART THEREOF ABOVE SAID LOWEST SURFACE LEVEL THAT IS NORMALLY WET ONLY INTERMITTENTLY BY AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE FROM SAID BODY; A BIBULOUS MASS OF MATERIAL COEXTENSIVELY SURROUNDING AND CONTACTING SAID PART AND EXTENDING DOWN BELOW SAID LOWEST SURFACE LEVEL; AN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE PERMEABLE SHELL COEXTENSIVELY SURROUNDING AND CONTACTING SAID MASS AND RETAINING SAID MASS IN CONTACT WITH SAID METAL MEMBER; A SACRIFICIAL METAL ANODE OF METAL WHICH HAS A HIGHER ANODIC SOLUTION POTENTIAL THAN DOES
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3254012A (en) * 1962-07-20 1966-05-31 Concrete Thermal Casings Inc Method of cathodically protecting heat-insulated pipes
US3288694A (en) * 1963-03-11 1966-11-29 Continental Oil Co Methods and apparatus for anodic protection of vessels
US3350288A (en) * 1963-04-27 1967-10-31 Almar-Naess Almar Method for corrosion protection
US4388168A (en) * 1980-05-27 1983-06-14 Smith & Denison Low resistance electrode system
US4699703A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-10-13 Lauren Manufacturing Company Anodic boot for steel reinforced concrete structures
US5290407A (en) * 1986-05-16 1994-03-01 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. System for controlling corrosion in an environment in which thin layers of low-pH corrosive fluids are formed
US20120177445A1 (en) * 2011-01-11 2012-07-12 Pilepro, Llc Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2273897A (en) * 1937-11-10 1942-02-24 Gordon N Scott Method of and means for electrically protecting against corrosion partially submerged linear metallic structures
US2480087A (en) * 1948-01-07 1949-08-23 Dow Chemical Co Rapid-wetting gypsum-base backfill for cathodic protection
US2491225A (en) * 1944-10-16 1949-12-13 Dick E Stearns Method of protecting subterranean metallic structures
US2744863A (en) * 1951-10-25 1956-05-08 Smith Corp A O Cathodic protection of metal in vapor space

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2273897A (en) * 1937-11-10 1942-02-24 Gordon N Scott Method of and means for electrically protecting against corrosion partially submerged linear metallic structures
US2491225A (en) * 1944-10-16 1949-12-13 Dick E Stearns Method of protecting subterranean metallic structures
US2480087A (en) * 1948-01-07 1949-08-23 Dow Chemical Co Rapid-wetting gypsum-base backfill for cathodic protection
US2744863A (en) * 1951-10-25 1956-05-08 Smith Corp A O Cathodic protection of metal in vapor space

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3254012A (en) * 1962-07-20 1966-05-31 Concrete Thermal Casings Inc Method of cathodically protecting heat-insulated pipes
US3288694A (en) * 1963-03-11 1966-11-29 Continental Oil Co Methods and apparatus for anodic protection of vessels
US3350288A (en) * 1963-04-27 1967-10-31 Almar-Naess Almar Method for corrosion protection
US4388168A (en) * 1980-05-27 1983-06-14 Smith & Denison Low resistance electrode system
US4699703A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-10-13 Lauren Manufacturing Company Anodic boot for steel reinforced concrete structures
US5290407A (en) * 1986-05-16 1994-03-01 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. System for controlling corrosion in an environment in which thin layers of low-pH corrosive fluids are formed
US20120177445A1 (en) * 2011-01-11 2012-07-12 Pilepro, Llc Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures

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