US2739878A

US2739878A - Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type

Info

Publication number: US2739878A
Application number: US252784A
Authority: US
Inventors: Raymond S Jolley
Original assignee: Consolidated Water Power and Paper Co
Current assignee: Consolidated Water Power and Paper Co
Priority date: 1951-10-23
Filing date: 1951-10-23
Publication date: 1956-03-27
Anticipated expiration: 1973-03-27

Description

March 27, 1956 R. s. JOLLEY 2,739,878

VERTICALLY EXTENDING BURNER APPARATUS OF THE CYCLONE TYPE Filed Oct. 25 195] 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 E 1 2% IM 3 I: a i

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R. s. JOLLEY 2,739,8 78

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March 27, 1956 R. s. JOLLEY 2,739,878

VERTICALLY EXTENDING BURNER APPARATUS 0F THE CYCLONE TYPE Filed Oct. 25, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 F5zi1. F75z1d Z? a Jcfalle JWW M ZJQ Wm J March 27 1956 R. s. JOLLEY 2,739,878

VERTICALLY EXTENDING BURNER APPARATUS OF THE CYCLONE TYPE Filed Oct. 25, 195] 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 United States Patent 2,739,878 VERTICALLY EXTENDHSIG BURNER APPARATUS OF THE CYCLONE TYPE Raymond S. Jolley, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis'., assignor to Consolidated Water Power & Paper (30., Wisconsin Rapids, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Application October 23', 1951-, spin Ni); 252,784 8 Claims. (oi. 23-277 This invention relates to new and improved means for thermal conversion or burning of combustible liquids or solids in suspension and in a continuous manner.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a vertically extending burner or furnace of generally cylindrical form and of the cyclone type wherein combustion after being initiated'is self-sustaining, and wherein the material to'be converted is subjected to turbulence and a high temperature while confined in a small zone,

and while passing therethrough" in a generally helical path, may be rapidly and controllably subjected to complete or limited oxidation as desired.

The invention further relates to'novel means'incombination with a'burner of the foregoing class, whereby solid'or molten products of complete or partial combus tion or oxidation may be substantially separatedifromf the gaseous-products of combustion, and whereby said gaseous products may be delivered to and utilized at a point where its heat may be required, such as for example, in connection with a' steamboiler, withoutappreciable contaminationof the boiler and its appurtenances by the said solid or molten materials which may be detrimental'thereto or to its effective'operation,or'which solid or liquid materials may desirably be separately recovered for either Waste-or economic reuse; The'invem tion further relates to a burner or furnace of the foregoing class wherein the air introduced'for' combustion and turbulence is introduced tangentially-or secantly' from discharging it by gravity down-an inclined plane and out of the furnace and connectingappurtenance's, such as a boiler, and out of the contact with 'the' gaseous products resulting from combustion.

The burner or furnace of the present invention is adapted for use in connection'with means for utilization of its heat such as, for-example, a'ste'am' boile'r,or as an auxiliary to-a steam boilerwhi'ch may separately employ conventional fuel as-itsprincipal source of heat.

The apparatus of the present invention, as one particu lar example, is adapted for-the burning of waste sulfite liquors recovered-from pulp digesters used in the sulfite process, whereby this efiluent may be effectively disposed of by burning to complete oxidation, recoverable heat utilized under a boiler, and resulting ash effectively separated from the gaseousp'roducts'of combustion before they reach the boiler."

The-apparatus of" the" presentinvention' likewise" Suitable for burningbther disposable Waste pioduc'ts of j r i h ni c o .1 1 of pulp digesters used in" thesiilfa't' proc'ssg withaflccn; trolled and limitedpropor'ti'on of ainwhreby 0' d5 it of chemicals which are desired to" be recovered ls pr vented, and such products separated and recovered from the gaseous products of'c'ofnbus'tioh.

As a'further examp1,"th e apparatusifiii y be rnploy' "d to burncrushed' or pulverized" coal and solids not'i'rtthe molten stateseparatedf if necessary, byco'ri'troL of air to limit combustion, to revent meltihgcf the ash to a liquid: H

As'a further example of the u'scsto whicli riiy b in apparatus may be put, it may be employed to calc with the air of an added fu'e'lsuch asfoilof gas, excess air used' to control temperatures to" prevent" meltll'lg;

Another example o'f' thef adaptability' of n en-I tion is for use"in'burning"sulfur fo'fthepr0'dtictitfnv of sulfurous acid' for use"in"pape r mills} Thus, sulfur rnay be introduced into'the combustionzorie of my, device, in either molten or powdered form, and thereinc verted to sulfur dioxide with nfPimimi' undesirable sulfur trioxide.

the sulfur., lf desired, however, the'bu" in m be controlled so as to producesu'lfur'trioxide forth'e jnian ufacture of sulfuric acid. The advantages in eith 1" event is that the low excessair'obta'inable byth'e'p' nace causes less interference by'the other" gasie 4 absorption towers in the combination of or S03 with the water. Any impuritiesmay b'e'sepam by, means of? the ash collection portion ofin'ybnr "and; the'resulting gas in'this ca'se is'cb'oled anddis'so ea water, in conventional manner to formsulfiir'oiis Other objects, advantages"and econoinie's ofm' 1 vention and the details'of constructiona'r'i'd parts thereof will be apparent from a consideration of the following specification and drawings, wherein: n

Fig. 1 is a vertical "sectional view of theburn'r'fap'f paratus'of the presentinventionillustrated in"connction with a steam boiler.

Fig. 2 is a section on thelin '2-2 of'Fig'fl.

Fig; 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of 'Figfl.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary elevational view of'theffiir-l nace portion of the apparatusof th'e 'pr'es'e'nt inventionl Fig. 5 is a view partly in section'on the 1ine"5 5' of Fig. 4, p

Fig.6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. fl.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentaryenlarged detail'vie'wof'ar'i air Fig. 10 is v elevation partly inseCti'on illustrating means for feedinga solid material to the furnace of my' n r s-f r FigJl a'verticalsection of a modified arrangement ofmy"burnerapparatus.

Fig. 12 is a vertical section of another modified arrangement of apparatus.

Fig. 13 is a section on the line 1313 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary vertical section of a modified detail of the apparatus of Fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is a section on the line 1515 of Fig. 14.

Referring to the drawings, the reference numeral 10 generally designates the burner apparatus of the present invention disposed in proximity to a steam boiler generally designated as 11, and in communication therewith through the area 12 as illustrated in Fig. 1. This burner apparatus comprises a vertically extending generally cylindrical shell 13 mounted on the beams 14 exteriorly of the boiler wall 15, and on the base structure generally indicated as 16. This base structure comprises the end wall 17 extending down into the pit 18, and the side walls 19 which diverge to and join with the boiler walls 15. These, together with the refractory brick work structure 20, define a lateral opening from and adjacent the base of the furnace of the burner apparatus 10, and a communicating passage or area 12 between the indicated furnace and the boiler 11. The burner apparatus 10 thus has a bottom opening generally closed except for communication with boiler 11, and is provided with a top opening and a cover or top closure 22. The interior of the shell 13 is lined with refractory material 23 to define a primary combustion chamher or zone 24.

Spaced from and below the bottom of the combustion chamber 24, and concentric therewith is an inverted truncated tubular refractory brick work which defines a continuous path from combustion zone 24 to the boiler 11 through the area 12. This tubular brick work 25 preferably has an outer diameter smaller than the inside diameter of zone 24, and projects upwardly into the funnel shaped portion of zone 26, and forms a closure therewith at one peripheral portion with the ledge 27 adjacent the boiler wall 15, and defines an arcuate duct 28 leading therefrom defined by an opposite outer peripheral portion of the tube 25 and the lining portion 29. The lower end of this duct 23 terminates at and communicates with the ash collection chamber 30 through the conduit 31 extending through the refractory lining 29 and the wall 17.

The downwardly inclined or funnel shaped portion of zone 26 has an enlarged mouth of greater internal diameter than that of chamber 24, and seats a plurality of inclined inwardly extending tangential vanes or bafiies 32 terminating at a plane substantially parallel with that of the inner periphery of chamber 24 and having their inception exteriorly of said periphery. Although not shown, the tubular brick work 25 may have or be provided with surrounding or imbeddecl water cooling coils.

The section of the shell 13 which embraces the major portion of the combustion zone 24 is enveloped by a plurality of air conduits all joined to a common header or manifold 33, leading from the blower 34, as shown in Fig. 4, the common inlet to said conduits being controlled by the butterfly damper 35 actuatable by the hand control lever 36. These air conduits each embrace the shell for at least 360 and lead to damper controlled horizontally extending, inclined openings through shell 13 and its lining 23. Each adjacent opening is spaced from another both vertically and peripherally, the periperal spacings being approximately 180. Although I have shown eight such air conduits, any number greater than two may be employed provided they embrace the major portion of the area of the primary combustion zone 24. These conduits comprise one or more conduits 37 which embrace the shell 13 for 360, and one or more conduits 38 which extend around 540. Thus, as shown in Fig.6, the conduit 37, of generally rectangular section, leads from the manifold 33, extends 360 around the shell 13, and opens to the duct 39, controlled by the damper 40. As shown in Fig. 5, the adjacent conduit I 4 38 completely'embraces the steel shell 13, and partially embraces itself for another and terminates at the duct 41, controlled by damper 42, extending through shell 13 and lining 23, the duct 41 being spaced 180 from the adjacent duct 39.

The series of dampers 40 and series of dampers 42 may be each individually controlled as shown in the enlarged detailed views of Figs. 8 and 9, each series being controlled from a'separate station suitably positioned above the top of the burner apparatus. Although one damper control arrangement for the dampers 40 is illustrated, it will be understood that two like arrangements, spaced 180 from each other, are employed, these likewise not being illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4, for the purpose of clarity of the latter figures. Thus, a vertical cavity 45 extends through the refractory lining 23 adjacent the shell 13 contiguous with the ducts 39, and receives the damper and shaft support 46. (A similar vertical cavity 43 extends through the refractory lining 23 adjacent shell 13 and contiguous with the ducts 41 and receives the damper and shaft support 44, as shown in Fig. 7.)

Thus, referringto the details of Figs. 8 and 9, the uppermost one of the dampers40 is shown secured to the tube or shaft 47. This shaft 47 is disposed within the confines of the support 46, and extends through the plate 48 resting on the upper end of support 46. To the upper end of shaft 47 there is secured an arm 49, the outer end of which rests on plate 43 and is engaged thereto for limited-arcuate movement by means of the bolt 56 passing through the arcuate slot 51 and the end of arm 49, and the wing nut 52. For control of the remaining three dampers 49 of the indicated series, a similar tube 53 is nestedwithin tube 47, a tube 54 is nested within tube 53, and a shaft or rod 55 is nested within tube 54. Each of these

members

53, 54 and 55 extends beyond the lower end of its-adjacent outer tube and has a damper secured to its lower end portion, and similar to member 47, each extends through and above plate 43, and is similarly provided with an individual control arm engaged to the plate 48 for limited arcuate movement defined by a separate arcuate slot. Thus, each of the dampers 40 may be individually regulated and fixed in desired position. The same applies to the individual dampers of the series 42.

Thus, in operation of the apparatus, the volume and velocity of the air supplied by the blower 34 is first controlled by the common damper 35, and is then individually controllable by means of the

dampers

40 and 42 so that the volume and velocity of the air introduced to the chamber 24 may vary or be controlled and diifer inclined in a substantially tangential manner, that is with one side wall in substantially tangential relationship to the inner periphery of zone 24, or they may vary in inclination to a lesser extent, for example, from the top of zone 24- where they may be substantially tangential, to the bottom of zone 24 where they may approach a radial direction, or those ducts adjacent the top and bottom may be substantially tangential, and those adjacent the center portions may be of lesser inclination. Thus, in any event, the ducts are inclined so that the streams of air are introduced secantly, and where there is a variation in their inclination, further desirable turbulence is set up in the combustion zone, to inhibit, in

operations when such is undesirable, the formation or" a- I may provide the lower end of the primary combustion zone 24, with an annular bathe or refractory-ring 58. Thus, the materials beforepassingout of.zone24, and into zone 26, where secondary combustion may take place, and ash separation occurs, the cooler materials along the wall of zone24 are reversed in directionand comrningled with the hotter materialsalong the axisof zone 24, thus bringing about better turbulence, and better mixing and burning within zone2'4.

When it is desired to burn a liquid material in my apparatus, such as for example, waste sulfite liquor recovered from pulp digesters used in the sulfite'process, the liquor should firstbe. evaporatedtoaslow a moisture content as isconsistent with the ability. to introduce it into the combustion zoneby spraying or atomizing. Reduction of moisture contentis desirableso that combustion may be properly sustained. and completed toas. large. an extent as possibleor desirable. A. moisture. content as low. as feasible. is. desirable. soas. to prevent production of an unduly large amount of steamv in the.- combustion chamber and waste of. heatin doingso, and to. prevent undue dilution of thegases of combustion. and carrying ofsuch steamintothecboiler. r

Thus, in the operationofsmy apparatus, for. the;above. indicated illustrative purpose, the. furnace isinitially heated up by a. pilot flame, such. as for. example, by introducing amixture of fuel oil fromline 59. and come pressed air orv steam. from line. 60 to atomizing nozzle. 61 extending through thecover.22.;intocombustionzone 24.. At the same. time. air is introduced: by means. oi the blower 34 into zone.24uthrough= the series. ofducts. 39 and 41. When thefurnace has become. sufiiciently. heated'to support and continue combustionof the sulfite. liquor, the pilot flame may. be discontinued, and the. sulfite. liquor introduced through: line. 62 to... nozzle 63 and atomizedby air or steamunder. pressureintroduced through line 64.. The. sulfite liquor at thev time of. intro duction should have asolidscontent of from. about;50%1 to about 65% as aresult of previous evaporation-treatment.

Air for combustionshouldbe introduced inxaslight. excess over .thattheoretically required for.complete-com bustion,.although air excessmust be .kept;as lowas practicaltopreventtoo much heatloss.v Ithas heretofore been considered thatthis.excessshould. be about to However, with the;apparatus of the presentinvention and by. having ahigh turbulence and. temperature within the. furnace. the. excess air may beas low as 3%. The total. volume of air. introduced into zone..24 is essentially con.- trolled by means of the common damper 35.:1nd2thevolume and velocity through. any of: the. individual ducts 393ml 41 may be regulatedby theirrespective individual dampers 40and 42. Thus, not only can the volume of air be controllably proportioned, but the velocity of the air may be controlled and varied as desiredfrom one duct to another in a directionvertically of the combustion. zone. Thus, high velocities Withlimited volumes ofair can be obtained and controllably varied in the direction of progress of the. material through-combustion zone 24. At the same time, by means ofthe high velocity of air and turbulence thereof due to introduction-tangentially or secantly. from a plurality of vertically and angularly spaced inclined ducts, intimate contact with the particles of the liquid to be burned is obtained and maximum and eflicient combustion accomplished-in a relatively-small zone. This-efiiciency of operation is further enhanced by causing the .air introduced to pass, for at least 360; through the conduits 37-and 33 so as to cause the air, by heat exchange, to be preheated before being admitted to combustion. zone. 24. Further these air conduitsby being disposed contiguous to each other envelop'combustion zone 24 and. serve tolcoolthe shell 13 and'refractory lining23.

As the..productstrommone 24 pass outwardly and t downwardl'yinto ash collectionzone 26 some additional" by Figs. 14 and 15-. These components 66 6 or final combustionmay t'alre place, andbefore entering zone 26,- they pass through ring bafli'e 58' whic'lft causes further turbulence by reversal of thecomponents adjacent the periphery of zone 24, where the coolen and heavier gases tend to collect, andmix with the" hotter less dense gases adjacent the axis of zone24:

The solid particles andash within-zone 2'6-are thrown outwardly under the centrifugal forceind'uced'in zone-24 and impinge o n and are separated from the: gaseous-mate rials by means of the vanes 32 whichi'nclineat' an-an'gle generally opposite to the direction of' those of the air inlet ducts, and thus project into oragainst the-direction of rotation of the descendingstream ofthe products-- of combustion. Thus, the gaseous products of'combustioncontinue to-travel downwardly from-zone 26 and" into the boiler 11, through the" tubular brickwork'2j 5" and lateral passage 12. The solids and ash a're entrapped ,by' the vanes 32 and dropped'by gravity around the; outer periphery of the tubular brickwork 25 andj-flthen pa'ss outwardly throughthe arcuatepath 28" and into the; ash receptacle 30 through conduit 31. particles of ash or solids which may rated from the gas streams by the vanesv 3,2are permitted to drop by gravity outofthe gas-stream and into the pit 18 whereupon they may be discharged through line 65.

Although I have shown the employment of the bafile ring 58 in Fig. 1, and its use is particularly desirable when the

air ducts

39 and 41 are all of' the same sub stantiallytangential inclination, it may not be essential when the air inlet ducts vary in' inclination and thus enhance turbulence. However, I may atthesame tirne employ both a bafile ring and ducts of different inclination. Instead of the bafiie ring-58; I"may,,to'the same end, employ an axial baflle or target 66=supported by the.

spokes 67 extending from the ceramic wall 23,. as shown and67may be composed of refractory material, and" if desired, may be internally water cooled, although not illustrated. When such axialtarget or bafiie is employed, it' serves. to interrupt the downwardmovement of the components adjacent the axis of zone with the components adjacentthe periphery of said zone, before they pass into zone 26;

Fig.1!) diagrammatically illustrates meansfor introducing a solid burned in the arrangement-of apparatus generally illustrated in Fig. 1. This wood bark, suitably commin'uted may be blown in chamber 69 and from thence through cover, 22 24, and there subjected tocombustion, gaseous products and ash separated in the manner previ+ ously described.

Fig. 11 illustrates a modified arrangement ofmy.'apparatus which-in-principle is the sameias thatof 'Fig.v ll The essential difiterencehereis that my. entire burner apparatus, including the furnace and ash separation sec tions as a unit are adapted to be, positionedbeneath' a communicating boiler. Thus, inthe formillustrated in Fig. 11, the materialgto be burnedis introduced to the into zone bottom of the device and flows upwardly andfthegaseo'us.

products of combustion are delivered from the. upper portion of the apparatus to, for example, a commurii: eating boiler. charged downwardly by gravity 'as in the fOIHlfOf Fig. 1.-

Thus, referring specifical-lyto Fig. 11,'the.illu's'trated burner apparatus comprises the steel shell 70 provided.

with a refractory lining 71- which atits lowerendportion defines the primary combustion zone 72,-, an intermediate zone 73 of reduced diameter .and the. funnel shaped ash collection zone' 74 atthe jupper end. The bottom 75 of the unit is' closed except, for admittance of the pilot burner nozzle 76 and the feed line 77 for.-

admitting material to -be burned. In the present instance I have illustrated ahopper 78"for 'supplyingta solid. particle material 79 by means of the blower 80'thfotigh Residual or lighter not have been sepa- 24 and to better mix them particlematerial, such as bark, to be under pressure through conduit 68't'o.

and the resulting.

The ash and solids are separated and dis'-..

-' viouslydescribed with respect to Fig. l.

Extending over a major portion of, and embracing the outer shell of combustion zone 72, are the series of air cooling and

air supply conduits

37 and 33 leading to

inclined ducts

39 and 41 as described with respect to the previous figures, and likewise provided with individual dampers and damper controls, common air supply and damper control, etc., and therefore, wilt not be described again in detail.

Extending from the upper portion of zone 73 and projecting into zone 74 is the tubular brickwork 81, similar to that indicated at 25 in Fig. l. The brickwork 81 has an internal diameter equal to the diameter of zone 73, and at one portion of its outer periphery it defines an arcuate path 82 with the lining portion 83 for delivery of ash or other solid particle material into the ash collector 84 through the communicating conduit 85, by gravity.

As the products of combustion leave zone 72 and pass through zone 73 where secondary combustion may occur, and into zone 74, the particles of ash or othersclids, which are thrown outwardly under centrifugal force, are entrapped by the baffies 86 which are arranged and inclined as described with respect to baifies 32, so as tov cause these solids to be dropped around the outer periphery of the upper projection of brickwork 81 and to pass out by gravity through the path 82 as above indicated.

For the purpose of further reversing the direction of the gases leaving zone 74 so as to commingle the axial with the peripheral components, and to further aid in separation of ash, the upper or exit portion of chamber 74 is provided with the axial baffle 87 supported by the radial spokes 88. Although the zafile 8'7 is of disc-like 1 form, it may be of other shape, such as for example, an inverted cone similar to the target 66/ The separated gaseous products of combustion thereafter pass through the lateral path 89 and into the boiler or other utilization zone 90.

Fig. 12 illustrates another modified arrangement similar to that of Fig. ll in that material to be burned or converted is introduced at the bottom and the gaseous products of combustion and ash are separated at the top of the unit. Since the general arrangement and operation is the same as that of Fig. 11, only the characterizing and differing details of construction will be described. Thus, in Fig. 12, the upper end of the unit is closed with. an annular baffie 91 leaving an axial outlet 92 for the gaseous products of combustion, and in this case the peripheral components of the stream of gas leaving Zone 74, are reversed in direction to commingle with the axial components before leaving and to better entrap any escaping particles of ash.

The intermediate zone 93 in this case is of a diameter equal to that of the zone 72, and the path between the two is interrupted by the inverted axially disposed conical bafiie or target 94 supported by the radial supports 95. Suitably, supports 95 are provided in a streamlined form similar to a four-bladed airplane propeller or of axial flow fan rotor construction. The target 94 and its supports 95 are preferably hollow so that they may be air cooled, and for this purpose air may be introduced from the uppermost embracing conduit 38, which in this case has ductsleading from it through the shell and lining, into the supports 95 and discharges through the apertures 96 in the target 94. This axial bathe 94 thus serves to increase turbulence in zone 72 and to better admix the peripheral and axial components of the upwardly and helically moving materials in zone '72 before entering zone 93 to better insure a more thorough and homogeneous combustion in the primary combustion zone 72, and thus acts similar to axial target 66 of Figs.

14- and 15.

I claim as my invention;

l. Yertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone: type defined by walls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising a substantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end of said chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, an elongated outlet at the opposed end of said chamber and axiallyaligned therewith for receiving and discharging therethrough productsof combustion, a plurality of inclined ducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber for introducing air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from each other, and generally horizontally disposed bafiie means in said outlet in axial alignment with said combustion chamber at its end for mixing axial and peripheral components of the products of, combustion from said chamber prior to discharge.

2. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined by walls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising a substantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end of said chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongated outlet at the opposed end of said chamber for receiving and discharging therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber for introducing air underpressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from each other, means in said combustion chamber outlet and axially aligned with said combustion chamber for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseous products of combustion, and conduit means extending through the walls of said apparatus for receiving and continuously discharging said solids by gravity.

3. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined by walls having 'an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising a substantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end of said chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongated outlet at the opposed end of said chamber for receiving and discharging 'therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber for introducing-air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from each other, and means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseous products of combustion comprising a plurality of peripherally disposed vertically extending bafiies inclined in a direction generally opposed to "the inclination of said air inlet ducts.

4. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined by'walls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising asubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one'end of said chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongated outlet at the opposed end of said chamber for receiving and discharging therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber for introducing air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from each other, a plurality of air conduits each completely embracing the Wall of the combustion chamber and leading-to said air inlet ducts for cooling said wall and forheating the air prior to its introduction to said chamber, damper controlled means for introducing air from a common source to said conduits under pressure, dampers in each of said ducts, means for individually regulating each of said dampers, transversely extending baffie means in said outlet for mixing axial and peripheral components of the products of combustion from said chamber prior to discharge from the apparatus, means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseous products of combustion, and con duit means extending through the walls of said apparatus for receiving and continuously discharging said solids by gravity.

5. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined by walls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising a substantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end of said chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspension there through for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongated outlet at the opposed end of said chamberfor receiving and discharging therethrough products of combustion, means for introducing air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generally helical stream, means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseous products of combustion comprising a concentric zone of enlarged diameter including a plurality of spaced vertically extending vanes projecting from the inner periphery of said zone, said vanes being inclined in a direction generally opposed to the direction of inclination of said air inlet ducts, a concentric annular projection of lesser diameter than said zone disposed below said vanes and adapted to receive thereabout solid particle matter separated by said vanes from the products of combustion, and conduit means leading from the outer periphery of said annular projection and through the wall of said apparatus for continuously discharging said solids by gravity.

6. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined by walls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising a substantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end of said chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongated outlet at the opposed end of said chamber for receiving and discharging therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber for introducing air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generally helical stream, adjacent ones of said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from each other, a plurality of air conduits each completely encircling the wall of the combustion chamber and leading to said air inlet ducts for cooling said Wall and for heating the air prior to introduction to said chamber, damper controlled means for introducing air from a common source to said conduits under pressure, damper means in each of said ducts, means for individually regulating said dampers whereby to separately control the volume and velocity of air introduced at each of said ducts, means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseous products of combustion comprising a concentric zone of enlarged diameter including a plurality of spaced vertically extending vanes projecting from the inner periphery of said zone, said vanes being inclined in a direction generally opposed to the direction of inclination of said air inlet ducts, a concentric annular projecu'on of lesser diameter than said zone disposed below said vanes and adapted to receive thereabout solid particle matter separated by said vanes from the products of combustion, and conduit means leading from the outer periphery of said annular projection and through the wall of said apparatus for continuously discharging said solids by gravity.

7. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined by walls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising a substantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at the upper end of said chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongated outlet at thelower end of said chamber for receiving and discharging therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber for introducing air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from each other, means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseous prodnets of combustion comprising a concentric zone of enlarged diameter including a plurality of spaced vertically extending vanes projecting from the inner periphery of said zone, said vanes being inclined in a direction generally opposed to the direction of inclination of said air inlet ducts, a concentric annular projection of lesser diameter than said zone disposed below said vanes and projecting into said zone and adapted to receive thereabout solid particle matter separated by said vanes from the products of combustion, and conduit means leading from the outer periphery of said annular projection and through the wall of said apparatus .for continuously discharging said solids by gravity.

8. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined by Walls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising a substantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at the lower end of said chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongated outlet at the upper end of said chamber for receiving and discharging therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber for introducing air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from each other, means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseous products of combustion comprising a concentric zone of enlarged diameter including a plurality of spaced vertically extending vanes projecting from the inner periphery of said zone, said vanes being inclined in a direction generally opposed to the direction of inclination of said air inlet ducts, a concentric annular projection of lesser diameter than said zone disposed below said vanes and projecting into said zone and adapted to receive thereabout solid particle matter separated by said vanes from the products of combustion, and conduit means leading from the outer periphery of said annular projection and through the wall of said apparatus for continuously discharging said solids by gravity.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 76,010 Watts Mar. 24, 1868 943,399 Dunnachie Dec. 14, 1909 1,098,534 Servais June 2, 1914 1,590,142 White et a1 June 22, 1926 1,771,829 Wagner July 29, 1930 1,900,320 Wagner et a1. Mar. 7, 1933 1,933,255 Goodell Oct. 31,- 1933 2,050,400 Wagner Aug. 11, 1936 2,088,679 Yamazaki et al. Aug. 3, 1937 2,126,150 Stryker Aug. 9, 1938 2,175,610 Linder Oct. 10, 1939 2,605,176 Pearson July 29, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 252,862 Great Britain June 10, 1926

Claims

1. VERTICALLY EXTENDING BURNER APPARATUS OF THE CYCLONE TYPE DEFINED BY WALLS HAVING AN AINNER EXPOSED REFRACTORY SURFACE, COMPRISING A SUBSTANTIALY CYLINDRICAL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, AN INLET AT ONE END OF SAID CHAMBER AND MEANS FOR INTRODUCING PARTICLE MATERIAL IN SUSPENSION THERETHROUGH FOR CONVERSION IN SAID CHAMBER, AN ELONGATED OUTLET AT THE OPPOSED END OF SAID CHAMBER AND AXIALLY ALIGNED THEREWITH FOR RECEIVING AND DISCHARGING THERETHROUGH PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION , A PLURALITY OF INCLINED DUCTS FROMED IN AND EXTENDING THROUGH THE WALLS OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR INTRODUCING AIR UNDER PRESSURE THERETO IN A SECANTAL DIRECTION AND FOR PROVIDING THEREIN A TURBULENT GENERALLY HELICAL STREAM, SAID DUCTS BEING VERTICALLY AND PERIPHERALLY SPACED FROM EACH OTHER, AND GENERALLY HORIZONATLLY DISPOSED BAFFLE MEANS IN SAID OUTLET IN AXIAL ALIGNMENT WITH SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER AT ITS END FOR MIXING AXIAL AND PERIPHERAL COMPONENTS OF THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM SAID CHAMBER PRIOR TO DISCHARGE.