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US2798182A - Dispenser cathode having heater embedded in densely sintered receptacle wall - Google Patents

Dispenser cathode having heater embedded in densely sintered receptacle wall Download PDF

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Publication number
US2798182A
US2798182A US296787A US29678752A US2798182A US 2798182 A US2798182 A US 2798182A US 296787 A US296787 A US 296787A US 29678752 A US29678752 A US 29678752A US 2798182 A US2798182 A US 2798182A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sintered
receptacle
emissive material
wall
cathode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US296787A
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Costa Siegfried
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Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Priority to DES23913A priority Critical patent/DE890390C/en
Application filed by Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens Corp
Priority to US296787A priority patent/US2798182A/en
Priority to FR1075165A priority patent/FR1075165A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2798182A publication Critical patent/US2798182A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
    • H01J1/28—Dispenser-type cathodes, e.g. L-cathode

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical discharge devices, and is particularly concerned with a dispenser type cathode comprising a body forming the emitting surface and wall means secured thereto forming a receptacle therewith containing a supply of an emissive material which migrates at operating temperature through fine passages -in said body to the emitting surface thereof, said receptacle wall being made of densely sintered material which is impermeable to the emissive material, and a heater element embedded in said wall means.
  • Cathodes provided with a supply of emissive material, which migrates through line passages in a cathode body forming a retaining wall therefor, are known.
  • the cathode body forming the retaining wall may be a sintered tungsten or molybdenum body.
  • the emissive material may be a thorium or barium substance or corresponding alloy.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a cathode of this kind which is easy to manufacture, reliable in operation, and which has a long life.
  • This object is realized by the provision of a receptacle wall joined with a cathode body and forming a receptacle therewith from which the emissive material can migrate to the emitting surface of the cathode body, but which is so densely sintered that it is impermeable to the emissive material so as to prevent escape thereof through the receptacle wall.
  • the material of the receptacle wall is of a kind that can be easily secured to or connected with the associated cathode body which is a porous sintered body permeable to the emissive material. The two parts may be connected, for example, by sintering.
  • the receptacle wall may be made of sintered molybdenum or of molybdenum-tungsten and the associated cathode body may be a sintered tungsten body.
  • cathodes of the general kind as indicated before often presents diiculties due to the required relatively high operating temperatures.
  • a heater which is by spraying covered with aluminum oxide and thereafter sintered.
  • the heater temperature may be very high, because heat has to be transferred by radiation from the heater to the emissive material and to the emitting cathode body, involving heat loss across the vacuum space which separates the heater from the other parts.
  • the high heating of the heater introduces the danger of deterioration of the aluminum oxide.
  • the invention proposes, in accordance with another object, to embed in the densely sintered receptacle wall the heater element which may be wire covered with aluminum oxide.
  • the advantage is that the heat is transferred from heater element to the various parts not by radiation but by direct thermal conduction.
  • the heater element which is then throughout its entire extent in intimate heat-exchange contact with the receptacle wall and thus also in heat-exchange contact with the associated porous sintered cathode body, will not assume a temperature appreciably higher than that of these parts, thereby preventing deterioration of the aluminum oxide coating.
  • the heating wire is in the production of the cathode provided with an aluminum oxide coating, for example, by spraying, and is then pressure-molded into and with the receptacle Wall, and thereafter highly sintered therewith.
  • the porous cathode body forming the retaining wall for the emissive material and also forming the emitting surface is a sintered tungsten body which is tightly connected with the densely sintered receptacle wall by sintering.
  • the emissive material is introduced into the receptacle through a suitable hole in its densely sintered wall thereof after such wall has been joined with the cathode body, and the hole is then tightly plugged.
  • An example of the invention is in diagrammatic and simplified manner shown in the accompanying drawing, which illustrates only essential parts of a flat cathode.
  • the emissive material is indicated at l.
  • the retaining wall 2, which constitutes the cathode body is a relatively thin, flat, porous sintered tungsten member forming an emitting surface which extends over an area several times the thickness thereof.
  • the potlike sintered portion 3 which may be made of molybdenum powder or of a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum powder forms with the cathode body 2 a receptacle for the emissive material l.
  • the wall portion 3 is so highly sintered that it is impermeable to the emissive material.
  • the interior cavity formed by the receptacle accommodates an amount of emissive material l which is several times the volumetric size of the cathode body 2.
  • the heater which is embedded in the receptacle wall 3 and sintered therewith, is a spirally wound wire 4 coated with aluminum oxide. It may be embedded only in the bottom wall of the receptacle, as shown, but it is of course entirely possible, and contemplated by the invention, to provide it instead of or in addition thereto in the side wall of the receptacle.
  • the heater may be embedded in the receptacle wall at a desired depth so as to produce in any given case desired differentiated temperature conditions for the emissive material and for the emitting surface of theV cathode body 2, respectively.
  • the receptacle is provided with a hole at a suitable place for introducing the emissive material. This hole is thereafter tightly plugged, as indicated at 5.
  • the discharge device in which the cathode is used comprises of course an evacuated envelope and parts, such as grid and anode means, as well as suitable mounting provisions and terminal conductors which extend in vacuumtight manner to the outside. These parts are well known and therefore have been omitted from the drawing, to keep it simple. The emission is confined to the operationally effective emitting surface of the cathode body.
  • a heated dispenser type cathode for use in an electrical discharge device comprising a receptacle having wall means made of sintered material which is so highly sintered that it is substantially impermeable to vaporized emissive material, a porous vapor-permeable sintered cover member tightly substantially vapor-impermeably sintered to said vapor-impermeable wall means of said receptacle and forming a cavity therewith containing emissive material, the outside of said vapor-permeable cover member forming the emitting surface of said cathode, and an electrically insulated heater element completely embeddedrin part of said receptacle wall in heat conductive relationship thereto, means for heating the receptacle formed thereby and the emissive material contained therein and the cover member sintered thereto solely be thermal conduction to cause migration of said emissive material substantially solely through said porous vaporpermeable cover member to the emitting surface formed thereby.
  • a cathode according to claim l wherein said vaporimpermeable wall means of said receptacle is made of 4 sintered molybdenum and said vapor-permeable cover member of sintered tungsten.

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  • Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)

Description

DISPENSER CATHODE HAVING HEATER EMBEDDED IN DENSELY SINTERED RECEPTACLE WALL Filed July 2. 1952 'July 2, 19547 s cosTA 2,798,182
nited States Patent r DISPENSER cArHonE HAVING HEATER EM- BEDDED IN DENSELY SINTERED RECEP- TACLE WALL Siegfried Costa, Herzogenaurach, Germany, assigner to Siemens & Hl'ske 'ktieiigesellschaf Munich, Germany, a coir-ptira'titn uf Germany Application July 2, 1952, Serial No. 296,787
3 Claims. (Cl. 313-340) This invention relates to electrical discharge devices, and is particularly concerned with a dispenser type cathode comprising a body forming the emitting surface and wall means secured thereto forming a receptacle therewith containing a supply of an emissive material which migrates at operating temperature through fine passages -in said body to the emitting surface thereof, said receptacle wall being made of densely sintered material which is impermeable to the emissive material, and a heater element embedded in said wall means.
Cathodes provided with a supply of emissive material, which migrates through line passages in a cathode body forming a retaining wall therefor, are known. The cathode body forming the retaining wall may be a sintered tungsten or molybdenum body. The emissive material may be a thorium or barium substance or corresponding alloy.
The object of the invention is to produce a cathode of this kind which is easy to manufacture, reliable in operation, and which has a long life. This object is realized by the provision of a receptacle wall joined with a cathode body and forming a receptacle therewith from which the emissive material can migrate to the emitting surface of the cathode body, but which is so densely sintered that it is impermeable to the emissive material so as to prevent escape thereof through the receptacle wall. The material of the receptacle wall is of a kind that can be easily secured to or connected with the associated cathode body which is a porous sintered body permeable to the emissive material. The two parts may be connected, for example, by sintering. The receptacle wall may be made of sintered molybdenum or of molybdenum-tungsten and the associated cathode body may be a sintered tungsten body.
The heating of cathodes of the general kind as indicated before often presents diiculties due to the required relatively high operating temperatures. In known indirectly heated cathode structures there is employed a heater which is by spraying covered with aluminum oxide and thereafter sintered. The heater temperature may be very high, because heat has to be transferred by radiation from the heater to the emissive material and to the emitting cathode body, involving heat loss across the vacuum space which separates the heater from the other parts. The high heating of the heater introduces the danger of deterioration of the aluminum oxide.
In order to avoid this danger, the invention proposes, in accordance with another object, to embed in the densely sintered receptacle wall the heater element which may be wire covered with aluminum oxide. The advantage is that the heat is transferred from heater element to the various parts not by radiation but by direct thermal conduction. The heater element which is then throughout its entire extent in intimate heat-exchange contact with the receptacle wall and thus also in heat-exchange contact with the associated porous sintered cathode body, will not assume a temperature appreciably higher than that of these parts, thereby preventing deterioration of the aluminum oxide coating.
Vice
purpose of providing for *optimal conditions for the spreading ofthe emissive material'upon the emitting cafthode surface.
The heating wire is in the production of the cathode provided with an aluminum oxide coating, for example, by spraying, and is then pressure-molded into and with the receptacle Wall, and thereafter highly sintered therewith. The porous cathode body forming the retaining wall for the emissive material and also forming the emitting surface is a sintered tungsten body which is tightly connected with the densely sintered receptacle wall by sintering. The emissive material is introduced into the receptacle through a suitable hole in its densely sintered wall thereof after such wall has been joined with the cathode body, and the hole is then tightly plugged.
An example of the invention is in diagrammatic and simplified manner shown in the accompanying drawing, which illustrates only essential parts of a flat cathode.
The emissive material is indicated at l. The retaining wall 2, which constitutes the cathode body is a relatively thin, flat, porous sintered tungsten member forming an emitting surface which extends over an area several times the thickness thereof. The potlike sintered portion 3 which may be made of molybdenum powder or of a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum powder forms with the cathode body 2 a receptacle for the emissive material l. The wall portion 3 is so highly sintered that it is impermeable to the emissive material. The interior cavity formed by the receptacle accommodates an amount of emissive material l which is several times the volumetric size of the cathode body 2. The heater, which is embedded in the receptacle wall 3 and sintered therewith, is a spirally wound wire 4 coated with aluminum oxide. It may be embedded only in the bottom wall of the receptacle, as shown, but it is of course entirely possible, and contemplated by the invention, to provide it instead of or in addition thereto in the side wall of the receptacle. The heater may be embedded in the receptacle wall at a desired depth so as to produce in any given case desired differentiated temperature conditions for the emissive material and for the emitting surface of theV cathode body 2, respectively. The receptacle is provided with a hole at a suitable place for introducing the emissive material. This hole is thereafter tightly plugged, as indicated at 5.
The discharge device in which the cathode is used comprises of course an evacuated envelope and parts, such as grid and anode means, as well as suitable mounting provisions and terminal conductors which extend in vacuumtight manner to the outside. These parts are well known and therefore have been omitted from the drawing, to keep it simple. The emission is confined to the operationally effective emitting surface of the cathode body.
Changes may be made within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
I claim:
l. A heated dispenser type cathode for use in an electrical discharge device comprising a receptacle having wall means made of sintered material which is so highly sintered that it is substantially impermeable to vaporized emissive material, a porous vapor-permeable sintered cover member tightly substantially vapor-impermeably sintered to said vapor-impermeable wall means of said receptacle and forming a cavity therewith containing emissive material, the outside of said vapor-permeable cover member forming the emitting surface of said cathode, and an electrically insulated heater element completely embeddedrin part of said receptacle wall in heat conductive relationship thereto, means for heating the receptacle formed thereby and the emissive material contained therein and the cover member sintered thereto solely be thermal conduction to cause migration of said emissive material substantially solely through said porous vaporpermeable cover member to the emitting surface formed thereby.
2. A cathode according to claim l, wherein said vaporimpermeable wall means of said receptacle is made of 4 sintered molybdenum and said vapor-permeable cover member of sintered tungsten.
3. A cathode according to claim 1, wherein said heater element is embedded in a wall of said retaining member at a depth which provides predominantly for direct heat transfer through the corresponding wall to the emissive material contained in said cavity.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Lemmens et al. Mar. 23, 1954

Claims (1)

1.A HEATED DISPENSER TYPE CATHODE FOR USE IN AN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE DEVICE COMPRISING A RECEPTACLE HAVING WALL MEANS MADE OF SINTERED MATERIAL WHICH IS SO HIGHLY SINTERED THAT IT IS SUSBSTANTIALLY IMPERMEABLE TO VAPORIZED EMISSIVE MATERIAL, A POROUS VAPOR-PERMEABLE SINTERED COVER MEMBER TIGHTLY SUBSTANTIALLY VAPOR-IMPERMEABLY SINTERED TO SAID VAPOR-IMPERMEABLE WALL MEANS OF SAID RECEPTACLE AND FORMING A CAVITY THEREWITH CONTAINING EMISSIVE MATERIAL, THE OUTSIDE OF SAID VAPOR-PERMEABLE COVER MEMBER FORMING THE EMITTING SURFACE OF SAID CATHODE, AND AN ELECRICALLY INSULATED HEATER ELEMENET COMPLETELY EMBEDDED IN PART OF SAID RECEPTACLE WALL IN HEAT CONDUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP THERETO, MEANS FOR HEATING THE RECEPTACLE FORMED THEREBY AND THE EMISSIVE MATERIAL CONTAINED THEREIN AND THE COVER MEMBER SINTERED THERETO SOLELY BE THERMAL CONDUCTION TO CAUSE MIGRATION OF SAID EMISSIVE MATERIAL SUBSTANTIALLY SOLELY THROUGH SAID POROUS VAPORPERMEABLE COVER MEMBER TO THE EMITTING SURFACE FORMED THEREBY.
US296787A 1951-07-12 1952-07-02 Dispenser cathode having heater embedded in densely sintered receptacle wall Expired - Lifetime US2798182A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES23913A DE890390C (en) 1951-07-12 1951-07-12 Cathode for electrical discharge vessels
US296787A US2798182A (en) 1951-07-12 1952-07-02 Dispenser cathode having heater embedded in densely sintered receptacle wall
FR1075165A FR1075165A (en) 1951-07-12 1952-07-24 Cathode for electric discharge tube

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES23913A DE890390C (en) 1951-07-12 1951-07-12 Cathode for electrical discharge vessels
US296787A US2798182A (en) 1951-07-12 1952-07-02 Dispenser cathode having heater embedded in densely sintered receptacle wall
FR1075165A FR1075165A (en) 1951-07-12 1952-07-24 Cathode for electric discharge tube

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2975322A (en) * 1958-12-29 1961-03-14 Raytheon Co Indirectly heated cathodes
US3226806A (en) * 1960-03-18 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Method of making a cathode heater assembly
US3263115A (en) * 1962-05-23 1966-07-26 Gen Electric Dispenser cathode and method of manufacture
US3281616A (en) * 1961-10-30 1966-10-25 Varian Associates Focus electrode for high power electron guns
US3323916A (en) * 1964-10-23 1967-06-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of making heater assemblies by wet-settling techniques
US3753025A (en) * 1970-12-10 1973-08-14 Philips Corp Indirectly heated supply cathode
US4400648A (en) * 1979-10-01 1983-08-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Impregnated cathode

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1026435B (en) * 1954-02-26 1958-03-20 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Supply cathode and process for their manufacture
BE543391A (en) * 1954-12-06
GB810202A (en) * 1955-06-10 1959-03-11 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Improvements relating to thermionic cathodes for electron discharge devices

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2121589A (en) * 1934-06-28 1938-06-21 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Emissive incandescent cathode
US2543728A (en) * 1947-11-26 1951-02-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Incandescible cathode
US2673277A (en) * 1949-10-25 1954-03-23 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Incandescible cathode and method of making the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2121589A (en) * 1934-06-28 1938-06-21 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Emissive incandescent cathode
US2543728A (en) * 1947-11-26 1951-02-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Incandescible cathode
US2673277A (en) * 1949-10-25 1954-03-23 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Incandescible cathode and method of making the same

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2975322A (en) * 1958-12-29 1961-03-14 Raytheon Co Indirectly heated cathodes
US3226806A (en) * 1960-03-18 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Method of making a cathode heater assembly
US3281616A (en) * 1961-10-30 1966-10-25 Varian Associates Focus electrode for high power electron guns
US3263115A (en) * 1962-05-23 1966-07-26 Gen Electric Dispenser cathode and method of manufacture
US3323916A (en) * 1964-10-23 1967-06-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of making heater assemblies by wet-settling techniques
US3753025A (en) * 1970-12-10 1973-08-14 Philips Corp Indirectly heated supply cathode
US4400648A (en) * 1979-10-01 1983-08-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Impregnated cathode

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DE890390C (en) 1953-09-17
FR1075165A (en) 1954-10-13

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