US2797995A - Ferromagnetic non-ferrous alloys - Google Patents
Ferromagnetic non-ferrous alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2797995A US2797995A US427345A US42734554A US2797995A US 2797995 A US2797995 A US 2797995A US 427345 A US427345 A US 427345A US 42734554 A US42734554 A US 42734554A US 2797995 A US2797995 A US 2797995A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- manganese
- ferromagnetic
- weight
- carbon
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910021652 non-ferrous alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C22/00—Alloys based on manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
Definitions
- This invention relates to non-ferrous ferromagnetic alloys, that is to say magnetic alloys consisting essentially of two or more non-ferrous elements.
- ferromagnetic substances are those whose intensity of magnetization at saturation is similar to that of iron. Nickel and cobalt are such.
- the particular magnetic properties of a given material determine its capacity to meet the exacting requirements in transformers, electric motors, communication equipment and electric instruments.
- the Heusler type alloys which owe their ferromagnetism to manganese, are known. They contain a relatively small proportion of manganese, not more than 27% by weight. They are body-centered-cubic in structure with the manganese atoms occupying alternate bodycentered positions. That is to say the manganese atoms are never near neighbors, being always separated by other metallic atoms.
- the object of the present invention is to provide manganese rich alloys which have magnetic properties such that they can replace existing magnetic materials which are based upon strategically important and scarce metals such as cobalt and nickel.
- the alloys of the present invention have a crystal structure with face-centered cubic symmetry, with manganese and substitutional metal occupying cube-corner and face-center positions, the interstitial body-center position being occupied preferably by carbon, although the latter may be partially replaced with another small atom, such as boron or nitrogen.
- the alloys consist of not less than 60% by weight of manganese, 2.0 to 5.5% of carbon and the balance metal being at least one of a group of non-transitional metals, having an atomic diameter of not less than 2.66 Angstrom units and more than one electron in its valence shell in the elemental state, consisting of aluminum, indium, tin and zinc.
- the permissible proportion of these substitutional metals is respectively, aluminum 0.4 to 15.5% by weight, zinc 0.5 to 24.7%, indium 1.0 to 10.7% and tin 1.0 to 34.5%. That is to say the relative substitutional value of these metals compared to aluminum is zinc 1.59, indium 0.69 and tin 2.22.
- alloy compositions embodying the present invention may contain small proportions of ferromagnetic elements, such as nickel and cobalt, to replace part of the manganese.
- the alloys of the invention may be prepared by melting together manganese and the substitutional metal, or metals if two or more are used, in the presence of carbon. Boron may be added in the same manner. Nitrogen may be added by melting or heating the mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- a ferromagnetic non-ferrous alloy in which the ferromagnetic phase has a crystal structure with facecentered-cubic symmetry with manganese and substitutional metal occupying cube-corner and face-center positions and carbon the body-center position and consisting essentially of not less than 60% by weight of manganese, 2.0 to 5.5 carbon and the balance metal being at least one of a group of non-transitional metals, having an atomic diameter of not less than 2.66 Angstrom units and more than one electron in its valence shell in the elemental state.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
United States PatentO 2,7 97,995 FERROMAGNETIC NON-FERROUS ALLOYS Eric R. Morgan, lnkster, Micln, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Canadian Patents and Development Limited, Gttawa, Ontario, Canada, a company No Drawing. Application May 3, 1954, Serial No. 427,345
Claims. c1. 75-134 This invention relates to non-ferrous ferromagnetic alloys, that is to say magnetic alloys consisting essentially of two or more non-ferrous elements.
It is well known that ferromagnetic substances are those whose intensity of magnetization at saturation is similar to that of iron. Nickel and cobalt are such.
The particular magnetic properties of a given material determine its capacity to meet the exacting requirements in transformers, electric motors, communication equipment and electric instruments.
The Heusler type alloys, which owe their ferromagnetism to manganese, are known. They contain a relatively small proportion of manganese, not more than 27% by weight. They are body-centered-cubic in structure with the manganese atoms occupying alternate bodycentered positions. That is to say the manganese atoms are never near neighbors, being always separated by other metallic atoms.
The object of the present invention is to provide manganese rich alloys which have magnetic properties such that they can replace existing magnetic materials which are based upon strategically important and scarce metals such as cobalt and nickel.
In the ferromagnetic phase the alloys of the present invention have a crystal structure with face-centered cubic symmetry, with manganese and substitutional metal occupying cube-corner and face-center positions, the interstitial body-center position being occupied preferably by carbon, although the latter may be partially replaced with another small atom, such as boron or nitrogen.
The alloys consist of not less than 60% by weight of manganese, 2.0 to 5.5% of carbon and the balance metal being at least one of a group of non-transitional metals, having an atomic diameter of not less than 2.66 Angstrom units and more than one electron in its valence shell in the elemental state, consisting of aluminum, indium, tin and zinc. The permissible proportion of these substitutional metals is respectively, aluminum 0.4 to 15.5% by weight, zinc 0.5 to 24.7%, indium 1.0 to 10.7% and tin 1.0 to 34.5%. That is to say the relative substitutional value of these metals compared to aluminum is zinc 1.59, indium 0.69 and tin 2.22.
The following examples illustrate ferromagnetic alloys of the invention:
(5) Manganese 84.7% by weight, aluminum 11.2% and carbon 4.1% (6) Manganese 76.8% by weight, tin 20.2% and carbon 3.0% (7) Manganese 80.8% by weight, aluminum 7.0%, zinc 7.0% and carbon 5.2 (8) Nfangaucsc 77.3% by weight, aluminum 6.7%, tin 12.3% and carbon "ice It will be apparent that alloy compositions embodying the present invention may contain small proportions of ferromagnetic elements, such as nickel and cobalt, to replace part of the manganese.
It is of interest to observe that those alloys containing carbon, in excess of the amount specified for the stabilization of the ferromagnetic face-centeredcubic phase will contain other phases which decompose in the presence of air and water.- It should also be observed that in Examples 2 and 3 the substitutional metal is in excess of the particular range specified but this does not alter the character of the ferromagnetic phase which does contain the substitutional metal within the ranges specified. By heat treatment the dispersion of the non-magnetic phases is controlled and the size of the ferromagnetic particles remaining, after aqueous oxidation, is also controlled and the alloy appears in the form of fine powder. This property of the alloys is highly beneficial for fabrication purposes.
The alloys of the invention may be prepared by melting together manganese and the substitutional metal, or metals if two or more are used, in the presence of carbon. Boron may be added in the same manner. Nitrogen may be added by melting or heating the mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere.
This application is a continuation in part of application S. N. 355,149, filed May 14, 1953, now abandoned.
I claim:
1. A ferromagnetic non-ferrous alloy in which the ferromagnetic phase has a crystal structure with facecentered-cubic symmetry with manganese and substitutional metal occupying cube-corner and face-center positions and carbon the body-center position and consisting essentially of not less than 60% by weight of manganese, 2.0 to 5.5 carbon and the balance metal being at least one of a group of non-transitional metals, having an atomic diameter of not less than 2.66 Angstrom units and more than one electron in its valence shell in the elemental state.
2. The alloy defined in claim 1 wherein the substitutional metal is aluminum in the proportion of 0.4 to 15.5% by weight of the alloy.
3. The alloy defined in claim 1 wherein the substitutional metal is zinc in the proportion of 0.5 to 24.7% by weight of the alloy.
4. The alloy defined in claim 1 wherein the substitutional metal is indium in the proportion of 1.0 to 10.7% by weight of the alloy.
5. The alloy defined in claim 1 wherein the substitutional metal is tin in the proportion of 1.0 to 34.5% by weight of the alloy.
6. The alloy defined in claim 1 containing the equivalent of 0.4 to 15.5% by weight of aluminum wherein the aluminum is in part replaced with other of said nontransitional metals on the basis of the equivalence ratio. aluminum lzzinc 1.592indium 0.69ztin 2.22 to constitute the said balance metal.
7. The alloy defined in claim 1 containing the equivalent of 0.5 to 24.7% by weight of zinc wherein the zinc is in part replaced with other of said non-transitional metals on the basis of the equivalence ratio aluminum ltzinc 1.59zindium 0.692tin 2.22 to constitute the said balance metal.
8. The alloy defined in claim 1 containing the equivalent of 1.0 to 10.7% by weight of indium wherein the indium is in part replaced with other of said non-transitional metals on the basis of the equivalence ratio aluminum lzzinc 1.59zindium 0.69ztin 2.22 to constitute the said balance metal.
9. The alloy defined in claim 1 containing the equivalent of 1.0 to 34.5% by weight of tin wherein the tin is in part replaced with other of said non-transitional metals on the basis of the equivalence ratio aluminum lzzinc 1.59zindium O.69:tin 2.22 to constitute the said balance metal.
' 1'O. .The alloy defined in claim 1 wherein the carbon is partially replaced v ith b oron or nitrogen.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,858,415 gPilling May 17, 1932 r 2,070,186 .Seil Feb. 9, 1937 4 2,287,888 Kroll June 30, 1942 2,696,433 ,Tenczyn Dec. 7, 1954 ,1. .4 FOREIGN PATENTS Germany Aug. 29, 1903 OTHER REFERENCES 5 Guillard: Preparation of Binary Alloys of Mn, J. Recherches Centre Natl. Recherches Sci., vol. 1, page 19 (1947).
Nature, Dec. 18, 1948, vol. 162, page'968. Parkes et al. Mellors Modern H Inorganic Chemistry,
10 pages 119 and 120, Longmans, Green and Co., New York,
Claims (1)
1. A FERROMAGNETIC NON-FERROUS ALLOY IN WHICH THE FERROMAGNETIC PHASE HAS A CRYSTAL STRUCTURE WITH FACECENTERED SYMMETRY WITH MANGANESE AND SUBSTITUTIONAL METAL OCCUPYING CUBE-CORNER AND FACE-CENTER POSITIONS AND CARBON THE BODY-CENTER POSITION AND CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF NOT LESS THAN 60% BY WEIGHT OF MANGANESE 2.0 TO 5.5% CARBON AND THE BALANCE METAL BEING AT LEAST ONE OF A GROUP OF NON-TRANSITIONAL METALS, HAVING AN ATOMIC DIAMETER OF NOT LESS THAN 2.66 ANGSTROM UNITS AND MORE THAN ONE ELECTRON IN ITS VALENCE SHELL IN THE ELEMENTAL STATE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US427345A US2797995A (en) | 1954-05-03 | 1954-05-03 | Ferromagnetic non-ferrous alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US427345A US2797995A (en) | 1954-05-03 | 1954-05-03 | Ferromagnetic non-ferrous alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2797995A true US2797995A (en) | 1957-07-02 |
Family
ID=23694467
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US427345A Expired - Lifetime US2797995A (en) | 1954-05-03 | 1954-05-03 | Ferromagnetic non-ferrous alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2797995A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116181A (en) * | 1958-09-30 | 1963-12-31 | Philips Corp | Permanent amgnets |
| US3194654A (en) * | 1962-12-27 | 1965-07-13 | Kaneko Hideo | Manganese aluminum alloy magnets |
| US3661567A (en) * | 1967-12-06 | 1972-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Magnet alloys |
| DE1483261B1 (en) * | 1964-02-01 | 1974-06-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Process for the production of external manganese-aluminum-carbon alloys for permanent magnets |
| US3944445A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1976-03-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of making permanent magnets of Mn-Al-C alloy |
| US3976519A (en) * | 1973-08-02 | 1976-08-24 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Machinable anisotropic permanent magnets of Mn-Al-C alloys |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE144584C (en) * | ||||
| US1858415A (en) * | 1924-09-23 | 1932-05-17 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Alloy |
| US2070186A (en) * | 1935-08-19 | 1937-02-09 | Buffalo Electric Furnace Corp | Metal alloys and processes of making the same |
| US2287888A (en) * | 1940-01-17 | 1942-06-30 | Electro Metallurg Co | Manganese-base alloys |
| US2696433A (en) * | 1951-01-11 | 1954-12-07 | Armco Steel Corp | Production of high nitrogen manganese alloy |
-
1954
- 1954-05-03 US US427345A patent/US2797995A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE144584C (en) * | ||||
| US1858415A (en) * | 1924-09-23 | 1932-05-17 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Alloy |
| US2070186A (en) * | 1935-08-19 | 1937-02-09 | Buffalo Electric Furnace Corp | Metal alloys and processes of making the same |
| US2287888A (en) * | 1940-01-17 | 1942-06-30 | Electro Metallurg Co | Manganese-base alloys |
| US2696433A (en) * | 1951-01-11 | 1954-12-07 | Armco Steel Corp | Production of high nitrogen manganese alloy |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116181A (en) * | 1958-09-30 | 1963-12-31 | Philips Corp | Permanent amgnets |
| US3194654A (en) * | 1962-12-27 | 1965-07-13 | Kaneko Hideo | Manganese aluminum alloy magnets |
| DE1483261B1 (en) * | 1964-02-01 | 1974-06-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Process for the production of external manganese-aluminum-carbon alloys for permanent magnets |
| US3661567A (en) * | 1967-12-06 | 1972-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Magnet alloys |
| US3976519A (en) * | 1973-08-02 | 1976-08-24 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Machinable anisotropic permanent magnets of Mn-Al-C alloys |
| US3944445A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1976-03-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of making permanent magnets of Mn-Al-C alloy |
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