US2767706A - Automatic reviving apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 23, 1956 E. GAGNAN' AUTOMATIC REVIVING APPARATUS -Filed June, 7, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 N RH M M M9 0 E M 5 Oct. 23, 1956 E. GAGNAN 2,767,706

AUTOMATIC REVIVING APPARATUS Filed June 7, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A t d States Patent Emile Gagnan, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,

La Spirotechnique,

Application June 7, 1954, Serial No. 434,858 7 Claims. (Cl. 128-29) assignor to Societe Anonyrne The present invention has for its object an automatic reviving apparatus making it possible to practice artificial respiration on a patient who has lost his respiratory reflexes.

Like some automatic apparatus designed for the same purpose, the apparatus according to the present invention is adapted to be fed from a suitable source with a breathable gas under a controlled constant pressure, and it comprises a distributing system which operates for setting up and cutting off periodically, at the required rhythm, a communication between said source and the respiratory tracts of the patient. Generally, the source which delivers the breathable gas at constant pressure is constituted by a pressure regulator connected with a cylinder of gas under a high pressure.

Accordingly, the invention is embodied in an automatic reviving apparatus for artificial breathing comprising a casing divided into two chambers by a resiliently biased diaphragm. A first one of these chambers is provided with a calibrated orifice leading into the atmosphere and the other and second chamber is provided with an inlet valve for delivering a breathable gas under pressure into the chamber. The second chamber is also provided with an outlet leading to the patients respiratory tracts.

Means are provided for coupling the diaphragm with the inlet valve so as to open the valve when the diaphragm moves towards the second chamber and to close it when the diaphragm moves in a reverse direction. Means are also provided for adjusting the area of the cross-section of the calibrated orifice of the first chamber.

The above and other advantageous features will be more clearly explained in the following description of embodiments of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a diagram of a first embodiment of a reviving apparatus according to the invention represented in an overall axialsection.

Figure 2 is .a similar diagram for another embodiment.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the circuit for insufilation air' to the patient, and for expiration.

Figure 4 is a diagramof a modified embodiment of the expiration valve.

Figure 5 is a diagram of a manual valve control'device making it possible for an operator to determine at will the rhythm of the insufiiations and expirations.

Figure 6 is a diagram of a sudden release mechanism for the control of the gas inlet valve in the chamber connected with-the patients respiratory tracts.

Figure 7 is a section through an axial plane'of an apparatus, the arrangement of which corresponds to the diagram-in Figure 1'.

Figure 8 is an axial section of the connection with a cock, leading the insufilated gas "to the respiratory tracts.

Figure-9 is a top view corresponding thereto.

The'distributor which, in an automatic reviving apparatus according to the invention,determines the rhythm and rate of flow of the insufliations into the patients respiratorytracts, comprises (Figure 1) two chambers 1 and 2 2,767,706 Patented Oct 23, 1956 adjusted by a needle valve 5 or other equivalent means.

The chamber 2 may communicate with the respiratory tracts of the patient through a conduit 6 on which an adjusting cock 7 is provided. Said chamber 2 has an orifice 8 controlled by a valve 9 which when opening, admits into the chamber 2 a breathable gas at a predetermined constant pressure. This gas, generally oxygen or normal air, is supplied, for instance, by a pressure regulator, the casing 10 of which may conveniently be part of the same assembly with the casing elements in which the chambers 1 and 2 and their common diaphragm 3 are provided. In Figure 1 is shown the membrane '11, subjected to the thrust of a spring 12, and which, by controlling an inlet valve for the air supplied by a cylinder or other high pressure source connected at 13, adjusts to the required constant value the pressure inside the chamber 14 put in communication with the chamber 2 when the valve 9 is open.

The diaphragm 3 is subjected on its face adjacent to the chamber 1 to a resilient thrust, caused, for instance by a spring 15 which presses it towards the inside of the chamber 2. It is coupled with the valve 9 in such a manner that it opens the latter when it is depressed towards the inside of chamber 2 and closes it when it is depressed towards the inside of chamber 1. This coupling is ensured by means of a resiliently deformable element which, in the example of Figure l, is constituted by a resilient blade 16 fixed at one end 17 and coupled with the valve stem 9 at 13 and with the diaphragm 3 at 19. The operation is as follows:

At rest, the cock of the air cylinder being closed and the needle valve 5 and cock 7 open, the spring 15 holds the membrane depressed all the way inside the chamber 2, the valve 9 is wide open.

The conduit 6 is connected with a mask 20 (Figure 3) applied at the entrance to the patients respiratory tracts and the cock of the cylinder is open, and air from said cylinder fills the chamber 14 in which the diaphragm 11 of the regulator keeps the required constant pressure de termined by an adjustment of the tension of the spring 12.

The chamber 2 is kept full with air at this adjusted pressure, while the valve 9 remains open as the rate of flow of the regulator and of the hole 8 is decidedly greater than that allowed by opening the cock 7. The adjustment of this cockdetermines, in the mask 20 (Figure 3) the desired flow for the insuffiation into the respiratory tracts. During the insufiiation phase, the mask 20 is closed, i. e. Without any communication with the atmosphere, and, to this effect, the outlet from a conduit 21 reserved for expiration is controlled by a valve 22 which, in the direction of its closing, is, according to one feature of the invention, subjected to a thrust which is a function of the pressure inside the chamber 2. To this eliect, the valve 22 may, as shown in Figure 3, be coupled with a plunger 23 guided in the side wallof the chamber 2 and subjected to the pressure in this chamber. It is also possible, as in the case of Figure 4, to mount the valve 22 at the end of an extensible bellows 24 the inside of which is in communication with the chamber 2.

The valve 22 is thus subjected on one face to the pressure inside the mask 20, and, on the other face, with alesser area, to the pressure inside the chamber 2. By suitably determining the relative values of these areas, the valve 22 may be made to play the following parts: during the insuffiation, it closes the mask to the atmosphere; it serves as a safety valve in case of an excess pressure inside the mask; it opens the mask to the atmosphere at the expiration phase. I

The pressure inside the chamber 2, which is that of.

the pressure regulator, acts on the diaphragm 3 for putting it inside the chamber 1. This displacement of the diaphragm is braked by the load loss regulated through the orifice 4 offered to the flow of air from the chamber 1 to the atmosphere. By adjusting the needle valve 5, the duration of one insuttlation is thus regulated, which is substantially equal to the time which elapses between an opening and a closing of the valve 9. This duration is substantially independent of the load loss caused by the cock 7 which regulates the flow for the insuffiation and the air pressure in the patients respiratory tracts.

As soon as the valve 9 is closed the pressure drops rapidly inside the chamber 2 and, below a certain value of this pressure, the valve 22 opens allowing the lungs of the patient to discharge into the atmosphere. The pressure inside the chamber 2 being substantially equal to that of the atmophere, the diaphragm is pushed back towards this chamber 2, tensioning gradually the elastic blade 16 until the action of the latter on the valve 9 becomes predominant over that of the pressure inside the chamber 14 and lifts suddenly the valve 9 off its seat.

The effects already described are reproduced periodically at the rhythm set as explained above.

The duration of the expiration phase is also regulated by the needle valve 5 which brakes the entrance of the atmospheric air into the chamber 1.

In the example of embodiment shown in the diagram of Figure 2, the chamber 2 of the embodiment just described is one with the chamber 14 of the regulator which can communicate with the mask 20 through the conduit 6 provided with the cock 7. The valve 9 of the embodiment of Figure l is then one with the valve 25 for con trolling the intake of air at the high pressure in the regulator. This valve 25 is at the same time controlled by the diaphragm 11 of the regulator and by the diaphragm 3. Its connection with the latter diaphragm is ensured by means of a sudden release mechanism of any suitable arrangement and, for instance, realised as indicated in the diaphragm of Figure 6. An elastic blade 16a is cambered by the stopping shoulders 25 provided at two points along its length against the branches of a yoke 26, the ends of this blade extending beyond these branches through which they pass freely. The diaphragm 3 is coupled with the blade 16a at a point intermediate between the shoulders 25, the blade 16a passing, for example, between two bars 26 provided on a rod 27 secured to the diaphragm 3.

One end 28 of the blade 16a is arranged in the vertical axial plane of the valve stem 25 so as to hold this valve closed when the blade 16a and its end 28 occupy the position shown in solid lines in Figure 6.

The operation of the apparatus thus modified is as follows:

The cock of the air cylinder is closed, the valve 25 is open, the diaphragm 3 is entirely depressed towards the inside of the chamber 14 and the blade 16a and its end 28 are in the position represented in dotted lines in Figure 6. The cock of the cylinder is opened and the air fills the chamber 14 at the pressure determined by the adjustment of the regulator, since the valve 25 is subjected only to the control of the diaphragm 11. The cock 7 being open, the insufflation takes place in the conditions already set forth in connection with Figure 1. The diaphragm 3 is pushed inside the chamber 1 by the pressure in the chamber 14 and the needle valve 5 controls the speed of displacement of the diaphragm. The blade 16a, pulled by the diaphragm 3 is deformed and, beyond a certain deformation, it expands suddenly by taking the position represented in solid lines in Figure 6 in which it applies the valve 25 on its seat for causing the end of the insufilation phase. The expiration takes place as explained in connection with Figure 1 while the diaphragm 3, urged by the spring 15 moves towards the inside of the chamber 14 at a speed controlled by the needle valve until the blade 16a resumes suddenly the position shown in dotted lines, releasing the valve which opens for a new phase of insufilation.

An example of embodiment of an apparatus according to the diagram of Figure 7 is shown in the Figures 7 to 8. The apparatus comprises a casing made of three pieces 10, 29 and 30 clamping between them the diaphragms 3 and 13. In this embodiment, the chambers 1, 2 and 14, are found again together with the spring 15 and the screw type needle valve 5 which controls the orifice 4, the flexible blade 16 of Figure 1 and the valve 9 provided, in this embodiment, with a return spring 31 in the closing position. In Figures 7 to 9, the same elements or their equivalents already used in the figures already described, are designated by the same reference numbers.

The pressure inside the chamber 14 acts on the diaphragm 13 of the regulator through an orifice 32 in a wall 33. The valve 25 of the regulator is controlled, according to a known arrangement, by a shutter 34 on which the diaphragm 13 acts through a plunger 35 guided in a central bearing of the wall 33. The diaphragm 13, reinforced centrally by rigid plates 36, carries a safety valve which opens when, for a predetermined amplitude of the inflating of the diaphragm 13, its stem engages the bottom of the casing 30.

The expiration valve 22 is in accordance with the diagram of Figure 3 and is carried by a plunger 23 guided inside a sleeve 38 secured on the side wall of the portion 10 of the casing and on which is screwed a yoke 39 which carries the seat 40 of the valve 22 at the end of the expiration conduit 21.

The key of the cock 7, of Figures 1, 2 and 3 is represented in detail in Figure 8; it is mounted in a nozzle 1 secured on the side wall of the chamber 2 and connected at 42 with the conduit 6 of Figures 1, 2 and 3. The key is operated by a lever 43 provided with an index moving in front of a graduation. The control knob 5a for the needle valve 5 is also provided with indexes making it possible to express the rhythm of the insufilations.

The apparatus, as just described, is advantageously completed by a device diagrammatically shown in Figure 5 and which makes it possible for the operator to coordinate the rhythm of the insufilations and expirations at will, by a manual control, when the respiratory reflexes of the patient have disappeared.

This device comprises two valves 44 and 45 which normally close two orifices 46 and 47 provided in the bottom 1a of the chamber 1. The valve 44 opens when the chamber 1 is in depression with respect to the atmosphere; the valve 45 opens when the chamber 1 is under a pressure above the atmosphere pressure. An operating lever 48 carries two pads 49 and 50 which are normally applied by a spring 51 against the bottom 11: for making the valve inoperative and closing the orifices 46 and 47.

When the operator wishes to determine the rhythm of respiration in accordance with the reflexes of the patient, he closes the needle valve 5 and acts on the lever 48 by swinging it for locking alternately one of the valves While releasing the other one, at will, thus controlling the displacements of the diaphragm 3.

What I claim is:

1. An automatic reviving apparatus for artificial breathing, comprising a casing divided into two chambers by a diaphragm, a first chamber provided with a calibrated orifice opening in the atmosphere, and a second chamber provided, on the one hand, with an inlet valve for deliverin g into said chamber a breathable gas under pressure, and on the other hand, with an outlet towards the patients respiratory tracts, means for coupling said diaphragm with said inlet valve so as to open said valve when the diaphragm moves towards second chamber, and to close it when the diaphragm moves in a reverse direction and resilient means adapted to push said diaphragm towards the second chamber.

2. An automatic reviving apparatus for artificial breathing, comprising a casing divided into two chambers by a diaphragm, a first chamber provided with a calibrated orifice opening in the atmosphere, and a second chamber provided, on the one hand, with an inlet valve for delivering into said chamber a breathable gas under pressure, and on the other hand, with an outlet towards the patients respiratory tracts, means for coupling said diaphragm with said inlet valve so as to open said valve when the diaphragm moves towards second chamber, and to close it when the diaphragm moves in a reverse direction, means for adjusting the area of the cross section of the calibrated orifice, and resilient means adapted to push said diaphragm towards the second chamber.

3. An automatic reviving apparatus for artificial breathing, comprising a casing divided into two chambers by a diaphragm, a first chamber provided With a calibrated orifice opening in the atmosphere, and a second chamber provided, on the one hand, with a inlet valve controlling the communication between said second chamber and a source of a breathable gas at a constant pressure, and on the other hand, with an outlet towards the patients respiratory tracks, means for controlling the rate of gas flowir. g through said outlet, means for operatively coupling the diaphragm with the inlet valve so as to open said valve against the thrust due to the constant pressure of the gas to be fed to the second chamber, said means comprising a resilient member for suddenly opening said valve, when the diaphragm reaches a given position when moving towards the second chamber, a spring in the first chamber for pushing said diaphragm towards the second chamber, and means for controlling the area of the cross section of the calibrated orfiice putting said first chamber into communication with the atmosphere.

4. An automatic reviving apparatus according to claim 3, in which the resilient member for suddenly opening the valve which controls the flowing of the breathable gas into the second chamber consists of an elastic blade cambered between stops provided at two points along its length and subjected to stresses applied transversely there to by a member coupled with the diaphragm.

5. An automatic reviving apparatus for artificial breathing, comprising a casing divided into two chambers by a diaphragm, a first chamber provided with a calibrated orifice opening in the atmos here, and a second chamber provided on one hand, with an inlet for a breathable gas, and on the other hand with an outlet towards the patients respiratory tracks, a gas regulator comprising a casing mounted as a whole on the reviving apparatus casing with the low pressure chamber of said regulator adjacent with the second chamber of the reviving apparatus and able to communicate with the second chamber of the reviving apparatus through the breathable gas inlet, an inlet valve for controlling said breathable gas inlet, means for operatively coupling the diaphragm with the inlet valve so as to open said valve against the thrust due to the constant pressure of the gas to be fed to the second chamber, said means comprising a resilient member for suddenly opening said valve when the diaphragm reaches a given position when moving towards the second chamber, a spring in the first chamber for pushing said diaphragm towards the second chamber, and means for controlling the area of the cross section of the calibrated orifice putting said first chamber into communication with the atmosphere.

6. An automatic reviving apparatus according to claim 1 in which the first chamber is provided, in addition to the calibrated orifice, with two orifices opening in the atmosphere and controlled by valve arranged for opening in opposite directions to each other, and operated by a manual control device for allowing the operator to act alternately upon said valves for determining the rhythm of the patients artificial breathing.

7. An automatic reviving apparatus according to claim 1, in Which the gas breathed out by the patient is expelled into the atmosphere through an outlet valve urged towards its closed positions by a member submitted to the gas pressure in the second chamber.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,403,508 Deming July 9, 1946 2,536,435 Fox Jan. 2, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 574,365 Great Britain Jan. 2, 1946

Images