US2751350A - Rust-inhibited silicate base oils - Google Patents
Rust-inhibited silicate base oils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2751350A US2751350A US335986A US33598653A US2751350A US 2751350 A US2751350 A US 2751350A US 335986 A US335986 A US 335986A US 33598653 A US33598653 A US 33598653A US 2751350 A US2751350 A US 2751350A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silicate
- sulfonate
- carbon atoms
- rust
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 29
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 title description 22
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001521 polyalkylene glycol ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 34
- -1 alkyl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KCTGOQZIKPDZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapentyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCCO[Si](OCCCCC)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC KCTGOQZIKPDZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- HOWGUJZVBDQJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HOWGUJZVBDQJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- POOSGDOYLQNASK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC POOSGDOYLQNASK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEEOMASXHIJCDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)CC SEEOMASXHIJCDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100117236 Drosophila melanogaster speck gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000009328 Perro Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Pb] Chemical compound [Cu].[Pb] WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Cd] NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019581 fat taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001802 myricyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEZPEQJENXACBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradodecyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO[Si](OCCCCCCCCCCCC)(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC NEZPEQJENXACBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/02—Esters of silicic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/02—Esters of silicic acids
- C10M2227/025—Esters of silicic acids used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
- C10M2227/045—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/50—Medical uses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
Definitions
- This invention pertains to a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a silicate base oil (e. g., tetraalkyl silicate) and minor proportions of polyvalent metal sulfonates and polyglycol ethers, that ,is, alkylpolyalkyleneglycol ethers.
- a silicate base oil e. g., tetraalkyl silicate
- polyvalent metal sulfonates and polyglycol ethers that ,is, alkylpolyalkyleneglycol ethers.
- the lubricant set forth herein inhibits the formation of rust on machine guns, more especially so for guns mounted on airplanes. It is imperative that all firearms are well protected from rust in order that they may always be available for instant use.
- the lubricating oil compositions herein not only prevent rust formation on and in the firearms, but they also lubricate the recoil mechanisms and other component parts of firearms at extremes of temperatures encountered during such service as exemplified hereinabove.
- mineral oils and synthetic diester oils have been used as the base oils in machine gun lubricating compositions.
- both of these base oils have numerous disadvantages.
- Mineral oils are quite easily sweated and evaporated oif of the guns during this alternate freezing-sweating cycle, the mineral oil composition being removed by the action of ice and water droplets and by evaporation.
- the loss of the mineral oil composition results in rust formation.
- mineral oils which are effective at atmospheric temperatures become too viscous for satisfactory operation of the gun equipment at the lower temperatures encountered at higher altitudes. The firing mechanism becomes too sluggish, and the time of response to the trigger action is considerably increased.
- diester synthetic lubn'cating oils A disadvantage in the use of diester synthetic lubn'cating oils is that rust-inhibitors are not as effective in diester synthetic lubricating oils as compared to the base oils of the composition of the present invention. Furthermore, diester synthetic base oils cause rubber to swell, the rubber gradually deteriorating and losing its original form and resiliency. Diester synthetic lubricating oils also attack paint compositions, dissolving the paint com-, positions from the metal. I
- the machine gun lubricant of this invention does not have the disadvantages noted hereinabove for the mineral and diester baseoils.
- the compositions set forth herein do not attack paint, do not cause rubber to swell or deteriorate, do not become too viscous at low temperanot removed from gun equipment by alternate sweatingfreezing action, etc. Disadvantages of former machine gun lubricants are rectified by the composition set forth in this invention.
- a rust-inhibited machine gun lubricant is obtained by blending together a silicate base oil, a metal sulfonate, and an alkylpolyalkylene'glycol ether.
- the machine gun lubricant of this invention comprises a major proportion of a silicate base oil and minor amounts each of a metal sulfonate and a polyglycol ether.
- silicate base oils used herein are represented by the following formula:
- the Rs are branched-chain or straight-chain alkyl radicals having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms; that is, the Rs can have a total of from 16 to 72 carbon atoms.
- the Rs in the silicate base oil may be similar or dissimilar; that is, one R may represent an alkyl radical having 4 carbon atoms, and the other Rs may represent alkyl groups having 12 carbon atoms; on the other hand, all of the Rs may be aliphatic radicals each having 8 carbon atoms. It is readily understood that in the formation of the silicates used herein as base oils, that a ran dom distribution exists among the Rs. Whereas, it may be desired that the Rs are dissimilar, a minor percentage of the silicates in the base oil may contain aliphatic radicals which are all alike.
- the Rs be radicals derived from branched-chain primary alcohols having from 6 to 8 car-. bon atoms, and that the silicates have molecular weights of at least 350. It is especially preferred that the Rs in the above formula represent the Z-ethylhexyl radical and/or the 2-ethyl-1-butyl radical.
- the silicates useful as base oils according to this invention are liquid at room temperature.
- silicate base oils of this invention include the following: tetrabutyl silicate, tetraamyl silicate, tetra.- hexyl silicate, tetra (Z-ethylhexyl) silicate; tetra (2-ethyll-butyl) silicate; dibutyl, di (Z-ethylhexyl) silicate; tetra.- octyl silicate; dibutyl, dioctadecyl silicate; tetradodecyl silicate; tetrahexadecyl silicate, etc. i
- bination of this invention for the silicate base oils set forth hereinabove are polyvalent metal sulfonates represented by the formula:
- the metals of Groups I and II of Mendeleetfs Periodic Table and lead can be used; of these, however, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, zinc and lead are preferred.
- essentially hydrocarbonaceous radical is meant those radicals which are composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon, and include such radicals which contain, in addition, minor amounts of substituents such as chlorine, bromine, oxygen, hydroxyl groups, etc., which do not substantially affect their hydrocarbon character.
- hydrocarbonaceous radicals examples include the following: dodecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl, triacontyl, hexadecyl phenyl, octadecyl phenyl, hexadecyl naphthyl radicals; radicals derived from petroleum hydrocarbons such as white oil, wax, olefine polymers (e. g., polypropylene and polybutylene, etc.), etc.
- the sulfonic acids used in preparing the sulfonates of this invention also include the oil-soluble sulfonic acid obtained from petroleum, such as the mahogany acids and the synthetic sulfonic acids prepared by various methods of synthesis (e.
- sulfonic acids prepared by reacting a chorinated white oil with benzene, using hydrofluoric acid as the catalyst, then treating the resulting white oil alkylated benzene with chlorosulfonic acid or fuming sulfuric acid to form a white oil benzene sulfonic acid).
- the metal sulfonates are exemplified as follows: sodium white oil benzene sulfonate, calcium white oil benzene sulfonate, lead, white oil benzene sulfonate, calcium dipolypropene benzene sulfonate, zinc dipolypropene benzene sulfonate, barium dipolypropene benzene sulfonate, calcium mahogany petroleum sulfonate, sodium mahogany petroleum sulfonate, barium mahogany petroleum sulfonate, strontium mahogany petroleum sulfonate, calcium triacontyl sulfonate, zinc triacontyl sulfonate, calcium dodecane sulfonate, lead dodecane sulfonate, etc.
- alkyl polyalkyleneglycol ethers used herein in combination with sulfonates have terminal groups which contain a total of no more than 30 carbon atoms, any one terminal group containing no more than 20 carbon atoms; and have no more than 18 polyalkylene glycol units, each unit containing no more than 4 carbon atoms.
- The'alkylpolyalkyleneglycol ethers are represented by the formula:
- R is a divalent straight-chained or branch-chained saturated hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 2 carbon atoms;
- R1 is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
- R2 is hydrogen, an acyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
- n is a number having a value from 2 to 18, preferably from 2 to 8. It is preferred that R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals, each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R1 and R2 may be similar or dissimilar.
- R radicals include the divalent radicals: ethylene, propylene and butylene.
- R1 and R2 radicals include radicals derived from methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, isobutane, tert.-butane, pentane, isopentane, neopentane, hexane, isohexane, octane, 2-ethyl heptane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, eicosane, docosane, tetracosane, etc.
- the metal sulfonates are used in amounts of 0.01% to 20%, by weight. However, it is preferred to use amounts of 0.1% to The polyglycol ethers of this invention are used in amounts of 0.01% to by weight of finished composition; preferably 0.1% to 3%.
- ratios of polyglycol ethers to metal sulfonates are particularly beneficial.
- the ratios of polyglycol ethers to sulfonates in silicate oils may have values ranging from 0.2 to 10.0, it is especially preferred that the ratios of polyglycol ethers to sulfonates have values ranging from 0.5 to 2, by weight.
- silicate base oils per se when placed in the humidity cabinet, failed almost immediately, that is, within the first observance time, which in all instances was two hours.
- the addition of polyglycol ethers to the silicate oils did not affect the time to failure.
- the test panels still failed within the first two-hour observance time.
- the silicate base oil containing the sulfonate-polyglycol ether combination of this invention can be used as an internal combustion engine lubricating oil.
- the rust-inhibited composition may be used for bearings, gear assemblies, etc.
- oils and-greases prevent attack by moisture or other corrosive agents to aluminum brass, bronze, hard metal alloys such as copper-lead, cadmiumsilver, etc.
- the silicate base oils may contain other rust-inhibiting compounds, extreme pressure additives, color correctors, oxidation inhibitors, fattiness agents, etc.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a silicate oil, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group consisting of lead and the metals of Group I and II of Mendeleefis Periodic Table, and from about 1 to about by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups each having not more than 20 carbon atoms and together having not more than 30 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 18, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group consisting of lead and the metals of Groups I and II of Mendeleefis Periodic Table, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 18, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group consisting of lead and the metals of Groups I and II of Mendeleeffs Periodic Table, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups each having not more than 20 carbon atoms and together having not more than 30 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 18, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains from 6 to 8 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent radical selected from the group of ethylene and propylene, R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is a number from 2 to 8, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of an alkaline earth metal petroleum sulfonate, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent radical selected from the group of ethylene and propylene, R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 8, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains 6 to 8 carbon atoms, from about 1 to 3% by weight of a calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, from about 1 to 3% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether of the formula wherein R is a divalent radical selected from the group of ethylene and propylene, R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and :1. is a number from 2 to 8, the Weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein the alkyl groups are derived from branched chain rimary alcohols having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of an alkaline earth metal petroleum sulfonate, from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyethylene glycol acetate wherein the alkyl radical contains from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and wherein 2 to 8 ethylene groups are present, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraamyl silicate, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, from about 1 to about 10% of a polypropylene oxide methyl butyl diether containing an average of eight polypropylene oxide units, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetra (Z-ethylhexyl) silicate, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, from about 1 to about 10% of a polypropylene oxide methyl butyl diether containing an average of eight polypropylene oxide units, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
- a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a silicate oil, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group consisting of lead and the metals of Groups I and II of Mendeleefts Periodic Table, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula 0 CH3-&-O(R-O-)MR1 wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 is an alkyl radical containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is a number having a value from 2 to 8, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
'firearms on airplanes. .leave the Warm air of the earths surface at a very high rate of speed and attain high altitude rapidly. As a re atent United States RUST-INHIBITED SILICATE BASE OILS Robert L. Peeler, Jr., Richmond, and Edward G. Foehr, San Rafael, Califi, assignors to California Research Corporation, San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application February 9, 1953, Serial No. 335,986
Claims. (Cl. 252---33.4)
This invention pertains to a machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a silicate base oil (e. g., tetraalkyl silicate) and minor proportions of polyvalent metal sulfonates and polyglycol ethers, that ,is, alkylpolyalkyleneglycol ethers.
The lubricant set forth herein inhibits the formation of rust on machine guns, more especially so for guns mounted on airplanes. It is imperative that all firearms are well protected from rust in order that they may always be available for instant use.
Ideal rust conditions are inherent in the operation of For example, jet fighter planes .sult, the guns and their-firing mechanisms become exceedingly cold. When these planes drop to lower altitudes for purposes of strafing or for purposes of unloading rockets or bombs, moisture condenses on the cold metal. When the planes again rise rapidly into the atmosphere, the guns again become cold. These alternate freezing-sweating cycles are conditions which are ideal for the formation of rust on and in the guns.
The lubricating oil compositions herein not only prevent rust formation on and in the firearms, but they also lubricate the recoil mechanisms and other component parts of firearms at extremes of temperatures encountered during such service as exemplified hereinabove.
Heretofore, mineral oils and synthetic diester oils have been used as the base oils in machine gun lubricating compositions. However, both of these base oils have numerous disadvantages. Mineral oils are quite easily sweated and evaporated oif of the guns during this alternate freezing-sweating cycle, the mineral oil composition being removed by the action of ice and water droplets and by evaporation. Thus, the loss of the mineral oil composition results in rust formation. Furthermore, mineral oils which are effective at atmospheric temperatures become too viscous for satisfactory operation of the gun equipment at the lower temperatures encountered at higher altitudes. The firing mechanism becomes too sluggish, and the time of response to the trigger action is considerably increased.
A disadvantage in the use of diester synthetic lubn'cating oils is that rust-inhibitors are not as effective in diester synthetic lubricating oils as compared to the base oils of the composition of the present invention. Furthermore, diester synthetic base oils cause rubber to swell, the rubber gradually deteriorating and losing its original form and resiliency. Diester synthetic lubricating oils also attack paint compositions, dissolving the paint com-, positions from the metal. I
The machine gun lubricant of this invention does not have the disadvantages noted hereinabove for the mineral and diester baseoils. The compositions set forth herein do not attack paint, do not cause rubber to swell or deteriorate, do not become too viscous at low temperanot removed from gun equipment by alternate sweatingfreezing action, etc. Disadvantages of former machine gun lubricants are rectified by the composition set forth in this invention.
According to the present invention, it has been discovered that a rust-inhibited machine gun lubricant is obtained by blending together a silicate base oil, a metal sulfonate, and an alkylpolyalkylene'glycol ether.
The machine gun lubricant of this invention comprises a major proportion of a silicate base oil and minor amounts each of a metal sulfonate and a polyglycol ether.
The silicate base oils used herein are represented by the following formula:
wherein the Rs are branched-chain or straight-chain alkyl radicals having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms; that is, the Rs can have a total of from 16 to 72 carbon atoms. The Rs in the silicate base oil may be similar or dissimilar; that is, one R may represent an alkyl radical having 4 carbon atoms, and the other Rs may represent alkyl groups having 12 carbon atoms; on the other hand, all of the Rs may be aliphatic radicals each having 8 carbon atoms. It is readily understood that in the formation of the silicates used herein as base oils, that a ran dom distribution exists among the Rs. Whereas, it may be desired that the Rs are dissimilar, a minor percentage of the silicates in the base oil may contain aliphatic radicals which are all alike.
It is preferred that the Rs be radicals derived from branched-chain primary alcohols having from 6 to 8 car-. bon atoms, and that the silicates have molecular weights of at least 350. It is especially preferred that the Rs in the above formula represent the Z-ethylhexyl radical and/or the 2-ethyl-1-butyl radical. The silicates useful as base oils according to this invention are liquid at room temperature.
Examples of silicate base oils of this invention include the following: tetrabutyl silicate, tetraamyl silicate, tetra.- hexyl silicate, tetra (Z-ethylhexyl) silicate; tetra (2-ethyll-butyl) silicate; dibutyl, di (Z-ethylhexyl) silicate; tetra.- octyl silicate; dibutyl, dioctadecyl silicate; tetradodecyl silicate; tetrahexadecyl silicate, etc. i
In addition to the silicates of the formula above, the
also include those silicates of the formula:
bination of this invention for the silicate base oils set forth hereinabove are polyvalent metal sulfonates represented by the formula:
equalto the valence of the metal M.
tures for maximum speed of firing of gun equipment, are
As the metal, the metals of Groups I and II of Mendeleetfs Periodic Table and lead can be used; of these, however, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, zinc and lead are preferred.
,It is desirablethat the metal ,sulfona tes be oil-soluble.
By essentially hydrocarbonaceous radical is meant those radicals which are composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon, and include such radicals which contain, in addition, minor amounts of substituents such as chlorine, bromine, oxygen, hydroxyl groups, etc., which do not substantially affect their hydrocarbon character.
Examples of suitable hydrocarbonaceous radicals are the following: dodecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl, triacontyl, hexadecyl phenyl, octadecyl phenyl, hexadecyl naphthyl radicals; radicals derived from petroleum hydrocarbons such as white oil, wax, olefine polymers (e. g., polypropylene and polybutylene, etc.), etc. The sulfonic acids used in preparing the sulfonates of this invention also include the oil-soluble sulfonic acid obtained from petroleum, such as the mahogany acids and the synthetic sulfonic acids prepared by various methods of synthesis (e. g., sulfonic acids prepared by reacting a chorinated white oil with benzene, using hydrofluoric acid as the catalyst, then treating the resulting white oil alkylated benzene with chlorosulfonic acid or fuming sulfuric acid to form a white oil benzene sulfonic acid).
The metal sulfonates are exemplified as follows: sodium white oil benzene sulfonate, calcium white oil benzene sulfonate, lead, white oil benzene sulfonate, calcium dipolypropene benzene sulfonate, zinc dipolypropene benzene sulfonate, barium dipolypropene benzene sulfonate, calcium mahogany petroleum sulfonate, sodium mahogany petroleum sulfonate, barium mahogany petroleum sulfonate, strontium mahogany petroleum sulfonate, calcium triacontyl sulfonate, zinc triacontyl sulfonate, calcium dodecane sulfonate, lead dodecane sulfonate, etc.
The alkyl polyalkyleneglycol ethers used herein in combination with sulfonates have terminal groups which contain a total of no more than 30 carbon atoms, any one terminal group containing no more than 20 carbon atoms; and have no more than 18 polyalkylene glycol units, each unit containing no more than 4 carbon atoms.
The'alkylpolyalkyleneglycol ethers are represented by the formula:
wherein R is a divalent straight-chained or branch-chained saturated hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 2 carbon atoms; R1 is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen, an acyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and n is a number having a value from 2 to 18, preferably from 2 to 8. It is preferred that R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals, each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. R1 and R2 may be similar or dissimilar.
Examples of R radicals include the divalent radicals: ethylene, propylene and butylene.
Examples of R1 and R2 radicals include radicals derived from methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, isobutane, tert.-butane, pentane, isopentane, neopentane, hexane, isohexane, octane, 2-ethyl heptane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, eicosane, docosane, tetracosane, etc.
In the combination with the polyglycol ethers set forth herein, the metal sulfonates are used in amounts of 0.01% to 20%, by weight. However, it is preferred to use amounts of 0.1% to The polyglycol ethers of this invention are used in amounts of 0.01% to by weight of finished composition; preferably 0.1% to 3%.
For the purpose of this invention, certain ratios of polyglycol ethers to metal sulfonates are particularly beneficial. Although the ratios of polyglycol ethers to sulfonates in silicate oils may have values ranging from 0.2 to 10.0, it is especially preferred that the ratios of polyglycol ethers to sulfonates have values ranging from 0.5 to 2, by weight.
In determining the effectiveness of the combination of metal'sulfonates and polyglycol ethers as rust inhibitors 4- in silicate base oils, the oils to be tested were coated on steel panels and the coated steel panels were subjected to a high humidity cabinet test which was run as follows:
Steel panels having the dimensions of 2 in. x 3 in. x in. with well rounded edges were sandblasted to a fresh, uniformly abrasive surface. These panels were then totally immersed in the test oil for one minute, suspended for two hours to permit free drainage of the excess oil therefrom, then placed in a cabinet having a humidity of at F. When a speck of rust was noted in an area at least Vs in. from the border of the steel panel, the time was noted as the hours to first rust. When more than two specksof rust appeared in; an area more than A; in. from the border of the steel panel, the time noted was the hours to failure.
The silicate base oils per se, when placed in the humidity cabinet, failed almost immediately, that is, within the first observance time, which in all instances was two hours. The addition of polyglycol ethers to the silicate oils did not affect the time to failure. The test panels still failed within the first two-hour observance time.
The tables set forth hereinbelow present test data obtained in the humidity cabinet test. All of the data in Table I were obtained with a base oil consisting of tetraamyl silicate.
Table I Polyglycol Ratio of Hours Test N O g gzgf' Ether, Polyglycol to Hour b Wt Percent Ether to First F P y by Wt. Sulfonate Rust we 1-- l 2 2 l 2 3. 0 (ll) 96 2. 5 (b) 96 1. 5 (C) 96 2 0 (C) 144 1. 0 (d) 4 (ti) 4 144 1. 0 (C) 10 (d) 10 144 2. 0 (C) 1 (d) 0. 5 200+ 2. 0 (C) 2 (d) 1. 0 200+ 200+ 3. 0 (C) 2 (d) 0. 67 200+ 200+ 2. 0 (C) 2 (6) 1. 0 209+ 209+ 2. 0 (c) 2 (f) 1. 0 214+ 214+ T38 first observance of the test panels was made at the two-hour perro (a) A calcium petroleum sulfonate having a molecular weight of about 425.
(b) A barium petroleum sulionate.
(c) A calcium alkyl benzene sultonate having a molecular weight of approximately 1100.
Table II Polyglycol Ratio of sulfonate, Ether P01 1 01 Hours to H Test N0 ggy by Percent by El lil t o g F iiil iirie Wt. Sulionate us The silicate base oil containing the sulfonate-polyglycol ether combination of this invention can be used as an internal combustion engine lubricating oil. When grease thickening agents are incorporated therein to thicken the composition to the consistency of a grease, the rust-inhibited composition may be used for bearings, gear assemblies, etc. Such oils and-greases prevent attack by moisture or other corrosive agents to aluminum brass, bronze, hard metal alloys such as copper-lead, cadmiumsilver, etc.
In addition to the compositions noted hereinabove, the silicate base oils may contain other rust-inhibiting compounds, extreme pressure additives, color correctors, oxidation inhibitors, fattiness agents, etc.
We claim:
1. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a silicate oil, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group consisting of lead and the metals of Group I and II of Mendeleefis Periodic Table, and from about 1 to about by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups each having not more than 20 carbon atoms and together having not more than 30 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 18, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
2. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group consisting of lead and the metals of Groups I and II of Mendeleefis Periodic Table, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 18, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
3. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group consisting of lead and the metals of Groups I and II of Mendeleeffs Periodic Table, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups each having not more than 20 carbon atoms and together having not more than 30 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 18, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
4. A machine gun lubricant comprising a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains from 6 to 8 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent radical selected from the group of ethylene and propylene, R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is a number from 2 to 8, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
5. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of an alkaline earth metal petroleum sulfonate, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula wherein R is a divalent radical selected from the group of ethylene and propylene, R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 8, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
6. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein each alkyl group contains 6 to 8 carbon atoms, from about 1 to 3% by weight of a calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, from about 1 to 3% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether of the formula wherein R is a divalent radical selected from the group of ethylene and propylene, R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and :1. is a number from 2 to 8, the Weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
7. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraalkyl silicate oil wherein the alkyl groups are derived from branched chain rimary alcohols having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of an alkaline earth metal petroleum sulfonate, from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyethylene glycol acetate wherein the alkyl radical contains from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and wherein 2 to 8 ethylene groups are present, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
8. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetraamyl silicate, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, from about 1 to about 10% of a polypropylene oxide methyl butyl diether containing an average of eight polypropylene oxide units, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
9. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a tetra (Z-ethylhexyl) silicate, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, from about 1 to about 10% of a polypropylene oxide methyl butyl diether containing an average of eight polypropylene oxide units, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
10. A machine gun lubricant comprising a major proportion of a silicate oil, from about 1 to about 3% by weight of a metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group consisting of lead and the metals of Groups I and II of Mendeleefts Periodic Table, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight of an alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether having the formula 0 CH3-&-O(R-O-)MR1 wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 is an alkyl radical containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is a number having a value from 2 to 8, the weight ratio between the ether and sulfonate being from about 0.2 to about 10.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
Claims (1)
1. A MACHINE GUN LUBRICANT COMPRISING A MAJOR PROPORTION OF A SILICATE OIL, FROM ABOUT 1 TO ABOUT 3% BY WEITHT OF A METAL SULFONATE, THE METAL BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LEAD AND THE METALS OF GROUP I AND II OF MENDELEEFF''S PERIODIC TABLE, AND FROM ABOUT 1 TO ABOUT 10% BY WEIGHT OF AN ALKYL POLYALKYLENE GLYCOL ETHER HAVING TH FORMULA
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US335986A US2751350A (en) | 1953-02-09 | 1953-02-09 | Rust-inhibited silicate base oils |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US335986A US2751350A (en) | 1953-02-09 | 1953-02-09 | Rust-inhibited silicate base oils |
| GB14856/55A GB792198A (en) | 1955-05-23 | 1955-05-23 | Lubricating compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2751350A true US2751350A (en) | 1956-06-19 |
Family
ID=26250843
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US335986A Expired - Lifetime US2751350A (en) | 1953-02-09 | 1953-02-09 | Rust-inhibited silicate base oils |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US2751350A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2911309A (en) * | 1957-04-25 | 1959-11-03 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Rust preventive compositions |
| US3004917A (en) * | 1959-05-14 | 1961-10-17 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Oil compositions containing rust inhibitors |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2566364A (en) * | 1946-06-15 | 1951-09-04 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Method for preparing organic polysilicates stable against hydrolysis |
| GB659072A (en) * | 1947-02-11 | 1951-10-17 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Rust protective composition |
| US2606872A (en) * | 1948-12-06 | 1952-08-12 | Shell Dev | Lubricating composition |
| US2643263A (en) * | 1950-09-22 | 1953-06-23 | California Research Corp | Higher secondary-alkyl orthosilicates |
-
1953
- 1953-02-09 US US335986A patent/US2751350A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2566364A (en) * | 1946-06-15 | 1951-09-04 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Method for preparing organic polysilicates stable against hydrolysis |
| GB659072A (en) * | 1947-02-11 | 1951-10-17 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Rust protective composition |
| US2606872A (en) * | 1948-12-06 | 1952-08-12 | Shell Dev | Lubricating composition |
| US2643263A (en) * | 1950-09-22 | 1953-06-23 | California Research Corp | Higher secondary-alkyl orthosilicates |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2911309A (en) * | 1957-04-25 | 1959-11-03 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Rust preventive compositions |
| US3004917A (en) * | 1959-05-14 | 1961-10-17 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Oil compositions containing rust inhibitors |
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