US2638412A - Distillation of aviation gasoline components - Google Patents
Distillation of aviation gasoline components Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2638412A US2638412A US221092A US22109251A US2638412A US 2638412 A US2638412 A US 2638412A US 221092 A US221092 A US 221092A US 22109251 A US22109251 A US 22109251A US 2638412 A US2638412 A US 2638412A
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- fraction
- distillation
- gum
- boiling
- aviation gasoline
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
- C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to the distillation of aviation gasoline components. More particularly, the invention'is concerned with the distillation of a hydrocarbon fraction containing -olefins'which is susceptible to formation of gum on exposure of the fraction to an elevated temperature such as encountered in distilling same.
- the present invention may be briefly described as involving the recovery of a higher boiling fraction from a mixture of same with a lowerboiling fraction which involves distilling an olefinic hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point no greater than 300 F. and susceptible to formation of gum therein on exposure to elevated temperatures in the presence of at least 0.01
- the feed stock of the present invention may be a paraffinic and aromatic fraction which is ene diamine and N,N'-di-sec. butyl-p-phenylene diamine.
- the oxidation inhibitor is added to the fraction to be distilled and not to the distilled fraction. If the inhibitor is added to the distilled fraction undesirable results are obtained.
- numeral ll designates a charge tank. in which abody of a hydrocontaminated to a slight extent with olefinss This fraction has a boiling range from about 85 to about 300 F.
- the feed stock of the present invention maybe recovered by distilling selected crude petroleum or it may be formed in certain catalytic conversion operations such as hydroforming operations.
- a preferred feedstock of the present invention is a fraction recovered from a hydroforming operation which boils in the range from about 85 to about 200 F. and which contains about 3.0% by volume of olefins. This fraction is predominantlyparaflinic but may contain 20% by volume of aromatics. Ordinarily such a fraction'will contain aromatics in the range from 10% to about 20% by volume.
- the oxidation inhibitor which is added to the olefin-containing hydrocarbon fraction prior to distilling same is preferably an alkylated monohydroxy phenol.
- Suitable mono-hydroxy phenolsi have been disclosed in the patent literature and particularly in U. S. 2,202,877, issued to Stevens and Gruse.
- mono-hydroxy phenols are the tri-alkylated mono-hydroxy phenols, such as 2,4,6-tri-tertiary- Particularly desirable alkylatedj" butyl-phenol, 2,4 di methyl 6 tertiary-amyl- 4-methyl-phenol.
- Particularly useful as an oxidation inhibitor in the present invention is a 2,6 di tertiary butyl 4 methyl phenol.
- Fractionation zone M may be'a single fractionation tower or a plurality of fractionating towers but for convenience of description is shown as a single tower. It is understood that fractionation zone M will be provided with suitable internal baffiing equipment, such as bell cap trays and the like, to insure intimate contact between vapors and liquids to allow a sharp separation in the fractionation zone It.
- Fractionation zone I4 is provided with line R5 for removal of an overhead fraction and line l6 for recovery of a bottoms fraction. Fractionation zone It is also provided with a heating means illustrated by a steam coil I! for adjustment of temperatures and pressure therein.
- the feed stock of the present invention prior to introduction in the fractionation zone M has injected thereinto by line [2 an inhibiting amount of an oxidation inhibitor by way of line 18.
- the oxidation inhibitor employed may suitably be one of the type illustrated before and is used in an amount in the range between 0.01 and 0.5 pound of oxidation inhibitor per 1000 gallons of feed stock.
- the inhibited feed stock is subjected to distillation conditions to remove overhead fractions boiling below about F. which will include pentanes and lighter which may suitably be used for adjustment of vapor pressure in hydrocarbon fractions having a deficient volatility.
- the desired fraction containing the oxidation inhibitor is recovered by line l6 and may suitably be used as an aviation gasoline component.
- This fraction is gum stable and has not formed in it gum components as a result of the high temperatures prevailing in fractionation zone [4. Such temperatures for distilling a stock, such as illustrated having a final boiling point of about 200 will be around about 145 F.
- the accelerated gum test is determined in accordance with the A. S. T. M. Procedure D 873-49.
- the amount of olefins in the feed stock of the present invention is small but apparently enough to contribute a susceptibility to formation of gum on activation by heat at the temperature prevailing during distillation.
- the bromine number of the stocks utilized ranged from about 1 to 6.
- the stock given in the foregoing examples had a bromine number of 5.
- a description of the bromine number test may be found in A. S. T. M. Procedure D-875-46T.
- the present invention is directed to the recovery of components which may be used in aviation gasoline and has nothing to do with the inhibition during distillation of polymerizable components, such as butadiene, styrene, and the like.
- a method for recovering a higher boiling fraction from a mixture of sam with a lower boiling fraction which comprises adding an alkylated monohydroxy phenol oxidation inhibitor,'in an amount in the range between 0.01 and 0.5 pound per thousand gallons, to a converted hydrocarbon fraction consisting of a predominant amount of saturated hydrocarbons, a lesser amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, and a still lesser amount of olefinic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range between and 300 F. and susceptible to formation of gum therein on exposure to an elevated temperature within said boiling range, distilling, said inhibited hydrocarbon fraction to form an overhead fraction boiling below F. and a gum stable bottoms fraction containing said inhibitor, and recovering said bottoms fraction as a component of aviation gasoline.
- fraction susceptible to gum formation is a hydroformed fraction boiling in the range between 85 and 200 F.
- a method for removing pentanes and lighter fractions from a hydrocarbon fraction susceptible to formation of gum on exposure of same to an elevated temperature which comprises distillinga hydroformed fraction consisting of a predominant amount of saturated hydrocarbons, a lesser amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, and a sti11 .lesser amount of olefinic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range between 85 and 200 F. in the presence of 0.1 pound of 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methyl phenol per thousand gallons of said hydroformed fraction at a temperature no greater than F. to remove as an overhead fraction pentanes and lighter and recovering as a bottoms fraction gum stable higher boiling fractions containing said inhibitor as a component of aviationgasoline.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
May 12, 1953 J. G. BROWDER 2,633,412
DISTILLATION OF AVIATION GASOLINE QOMPONENTS Filed April 14, 1951 PENTANES AND LIGHTER OXIDA TION INHIBITOR I FRACTIONA TION ZONE AVIATION GASOLINE COMPONENT INVENTOR.
Patented May 12, 1953 DISTILLATION OF AVIATION GASOLINE COMPONENTS John G. Browder, Houston, Tex., assignor, by
mesne assignments, to Standard Oil Development Company, Elizabeth, N. J a corporation of Delaware Application April 14, 1951, SerialNo. 221,092
4 Claims.
The present invention is directed to the distillation of aviation gasoline components. More particularly, the invention'is concerned with the distillation of a hydrocarbon fraction containing -olefins'which is susceptible to formation of gum on exposure of the fraction to an elevated temperature such as encountered in distilling same.
The present invention may be briefly described as involving the recovery of a higher boiling fraction from a mixture of same with a lowerboiling fraction which involves distilling an olefinic hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point no greater than 300 F. and susceptible to formation of gum therein on exposure to elevated temperatures in the presence of at least 0.01
pound of an oxidation inhibitor per 1000 gallons of said fraction to remove as an overhead fraction hydrocarbons boiling below 100 F. and recovering as a bottoms fraction gum stable higher boiling fractions containing said inhibitor.
The feed stock of the present invention may be a paraffinic and aromatic fraction which is ene diamine and N,N'-di-sec. butyl-p-phenylene diamine.
In the practice of the present invention it is to be emphasized that the oxidation inhibitor is added to the fraction to be distilled and not to the distilled fraction. If the inhibitor is added to the distilled fraction undesirable results are obtained.
The invention will be further illustrated by reference to the drawing in which the single figure is a flow diagram of the preferred mode. Referring now to the drawing, numeral ll designates a charge tank. in which abody of a hydrocontaminated to a slight extent with olefinss This fraction has a boiling range from about 85 to about 300 F. The feed stock of the present invention maybe recovered by distilling selected crude petroleum or it may be formed in certain catalytic conversion operations such as hydroforming operations. A preferred feedstock of the present invention is a fraction recovered from a hydroforming operation which boils in the range from about 85 to about 200 F. and which contains about 3.0% by volume of olefins. This fraction is predominantlyparaflinic but may contain 20% by volume of aromatics. Ordinarily such a fraction'will contain aromatics in the range from 10% to about 20% by volume.
The oxidation inhibitor which is added to the olefin-containing hydrocarbon fraction prior to distilling same is preferably an alkylated monohydroxy phenol. Suitable mono-hydroxy phenolsi have been disclosed in the patent literature and particularly in U. S. 2,202,877, issued to Stevens and Gruse. mono-hydroxy phenols are the tri-alkylated mono-hydroxy phenols, such as 2,4,6-tri-tertiary- Particularly desirable alkylatedj" butyl-phenol, 2,4 di methyl 6 tertiary-amyl- 4-methyl-phenol. Particularly useful as an oxidation inhibitor in the present invention is a 2,6 di tertiary butyl 4 methyl phenol.
This latter compound is particularly useful when carbon fraction having a boiling point no greater than 300 F. is maintained. Such fraction may be. a hydroformed fraction boiling in the range from about to 200F. The feed stock is withdrawn from tank II by line 12 containing pump l3 and is discharged thereby into a fractionation zone I4. Fractionation zone M may be'a single fractionation tower or a plurality of fractionating towers but for convenience of description is shown as a single tower. It is understood that fractionation zone M will be provided with suitable internal baffiing equipment, such as bell cap trays and the like, to insure intimate contact between vapors and liquids to allow a sharp separation in the fractionation zone It. Fractionation zone I4 is provided with line R5 for removal of an overhead fraction and line l6 for recovery of a bottoms fraction. Fractionation zone It is also provided with a heating means illustrated by a steam coil I! for adjustment of temperatures and pressure therein.
The feed stock of the present invention prior to introduction in the fractionation zone M has injected thereinto by line [2 an inhibiting amount of an oxidation inhibitor by way of line 18. The oxidation inhibitor employed may suitably be one of the type illustrated before and is used in an amount in the range between 0.01 and 0.5 pound of oxidation inhibitor per 1000 gallons of feed stock.
In practicing the present invention, the inhibited feed stock is subjected to distillation conditions to remove overhead fractions boiling below about F. which will include pentanes and lighter which may suitably be used for adjustment of vapor pressure in hydrocarbon fractions having a deficient volatility. The desired fraction containing the oxidation inhibitor is recovered by line l6 and may suitably be used as an aviation gasoline component. This fraction is gum stable and has not formed in it gum components as a result of the high temperatures prevailing in fractionation zone [4. Such temperatures for distilling a stock, such as illustrated having a final boiling point of about 200 will be around about 145 F.
In order to illustrate the invention further a light fraction obtained from a hydroforming op- Table iii-Hr. Stock Acc.
Gum
Charge to Still 0.0 Bottoms from Still (Inhibitor added immediately after distillation) 26. 4 Bottoms from Still (Inhibito'r added to charge to still) 1. 4
It will be seen from the data that the 16-hour accelerated gum test of the bottoms fraction which was inhibited after distillation was 26.4, whereas in the practice of th present invention the 16-hour accelerated gum test was only 1.4. From the foregoing data-it is believed apparent that the practice of the present invention allows markedly superior results to be obtained. In fact, the practice of inhibiting the bottoms prodnot after distillation rather than before, due to the high accelerated gum values, which averaged from to 50 milligrams per 100 millilitersof sample, had to be discontinued. These high values are unacceptable for components of aviation gasoline. On the other hand, the value of 1.4 milligrams per 100 milliliters of sample is entirely acceptable and the bottoms fraction so recovered in the practice of the present invention may suitably be used in aviation gasoline as a blending component thereof.
The accelerated gum test is determined in accordance with the A. S. T. M. Procedure D 873-49.
The amount of olefins in the feed stock of the present invention is small but apparently enough to contribute a susceptibility to formation of gum on activation by heat at the temperature prevailing during distillation. The bromine number of the stocks utilized ranged from about 1 to 6. The stock given in the foregoing examples had a bromine number of 5. A description of the bromine number test may be found in A. S. T. M. Procedure D-875-46T.
It is to be emphasized that the present invention is directed to the recovery of components which may be used in aviation gasoline and has nothing to do with the inhibition during distillation of polymerizable components, such as butadiene, styrene, and the like.
. The nature and objects of the present inven tion'having been completely described and illustrated, what I wish to claim as new and useful and to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A method for recovering a higher boiling fraction from a mixture of sam with a lower boiling fraction which comprises adding an alkylated monohydroxy phenol oxidation inhibitor,'in an amount in the range between 0.01 and 0.5 pound per thousand gallons, to a converted hydrocarbon fraction consisting of a predominant amount of saturated hydrocarbons, a lesser amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, and a still lesser amount of olefinic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range between and 300 F. and susceptible to formation of gum therein on exposure to an elevated temperature within said boiling range, distilling, said inhibited hydrocarbon fraction to form an overhead fraction boiling below F. and a gum stable bottoms fraction containing said inhibitor, and recovering said bottoms fraction as a component of aviation gasoline.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 in which the oxidation inhibitor is 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methy1 phenol.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 in which the fraction susceptible to gum formation is a hydroformed fraction boiling in the range between 85 and 200 F.
4. A method for removing pentanes and lighter fractions from a hydrocarbon fraction susceptible to formation of gum on exposure of same to an elevated temperature which comprises distillinga hydroformed fraction consisting of a predominant amount of saturated hydrocarbons, a lesser amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, and a sti11 .lesser amount of olefinic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range between 85 and 200 F. in the presence of 0.1 pound of 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methyl phenol per thousand gallons of said hydroformed fraction at a temperature no greater than F. to remove as an overhead fraction pentanes and lighter and recovering as a bottoms fraction gum stable higher boiling fractions containing said inhibitor as a component of aviationgasoline.
JOHN G. BROWDER.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,181,102 Stoesser et a1 Nov. 21, 1939 2,202,877 Stevens et al June 4, 1940 2,240,764 Dreisbaeh et al. May 6, 1041 2,257,079 Story Sept. 23, 1941 2,526,963 Morris Oct. 24, 1950
Claims (1)
- 4. A METHOD FOR REMOVING PENTANES AND LIGHTER FRACTIONS FROM A HYDROCARBON FRACTION SUSCEPTIBLE TO FORMATION OF GUM ON EXPOSURE OF SAME TO AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE WHICH COMPRISES DISTILLING A HYDROFORMED FRACTION CONSISTING OF A PERDOMINANT AMOUNT OF SATURATED HYDROCARBONS, A LESSER AMOUNT OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, AND A STILL LESSER AMOUNT OF OLEFINIC HYDROCARBONS AND BOILING IN THE RANGE BETWEEN 85* AND 200* F. IN THE PRESENCE OF 0.1 POUND OF 2,6-DI-TERTIARY-
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US221092A US2638412A (en) | 1951-04-14 | 1951-04-14 | Distillation of aviation gasoline components |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US221092A US2638412A (en) | 1951-04-14 | 1951-04-14 | Distillation of aviation gasoline components |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2638412A true US2638412A (en) | 1953-05-12 |
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ID=22826312
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US221092A Expired - Lifetime US2638412A (en) | 1951-04-14 | 1951-04-14 | Distillation of aviation gasoline components |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US2638412A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2772220A (en) * | 1952-09-25 | 1956-11-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Feed stock for naphtha reforming |
| US2944915A (en) * | 1957-12-06 | 1960-07-12 | Shell Oil Co | Preparation of odorless solvent from a propylene tetramer composition |
| US2953522A (en) * | 1955-06-30 | 1960-09-20 | Shell Oil Co | Treatment of catalytically cracked distillates with polyalkylphenol prior to alkali treatment |
| EP0818524A1 (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-01-14 | Chimec S.P.A. | Method and additive to increase yield in thermal conversion operations within petroleum plants |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2181102A (en) * | 1937-06-04 | 1939-11-21 | Dow Chemical Co | Stabilization of polymerizable vinyl compouds |
| US2202877A (en) * | 1937-04-12 | 1940-06-04 | Gulf Oil Corp | Antioxidants and petroleum oils containing the same |
| US2240764A (en) * | 1939-03-01 | 1941-05-06 | Dow Chemical Co | Distillation of vinyl aromatic compounds |
| US2257079A (en) * | 1934-11-08 | 1941-09-23 | Texas Co | Motor fuel |
| US2526963A (en) * | 1946-07-11 | 1950-10-24 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for stabilizing hydrocarbons |
-
1951
- 1951-04-14 US US221092A patent/US2638412A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2257079A (en) * | 1934-11-08 | 1941-09-23 | Texas Co | Motor fuel |
| US2202877A (en) * | 1937-04-12 | 1940-06-04 | Gulf Oil Corp | Antioxidants and petroleum oils containing the same |
| US2181102A (en) * | 1937-06-04 | 1939-11-21 | Dow Chemical Co | Stabilization of polymerizable vinyl compouds |
| US2240764A (en) * | 1939-03-01 | 1941-05-06 | Dow Chemical Co | Distillation of vinyl aromatic compounds |
| US2526963A (en) * | 1946-07-11 | 1950-10-24 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for stabilizing hydrocarbons |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2772220A (en) * | 1952-09-25 | 1956-11-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Feed stock for naphtha reforming |
| US2953522A (en) * | 1955-06-30 | 1960-09-20 | Shell Oil Co | Treatment of catalytically cracked distillates with polyalkylphenol prior to alkali treatment |
| US2944915A (en) * | 1957-12-06 | 1960-07-12 | Shell Oil Co | Preparation of odorless solvent from a propylene tetramer composition |
| EP0818524A1 (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-01-14 | Chimec S.P.A. | Method and additive to increase yield in thermal conversion operations within petroleum plants |
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